Six Principles of Political Realism HANS J. MORGENTHAU 1 Pla als elo tht polis, the scien gener is govemed ij la tha vedo i a ate nr tigers hy {CSE octyl sab eT ratio {hee as being impose prefers cml change he ona theraket a ja tt Teal, sings desi th apt of ti vs of ts, mus ao betie inde poi of devon ato thoy tt Tele, wee Imperecty anc one sted thee objet lv. eos othe, a ep. tlio singing polis bowen rh sl opon“betvoon wht tne betel and atonal sapped yen ad ented yee, nd what oly ej uc, red om the fac they ae ad intra by retical whtl inking nan atten whch the vs felis he ther as, has ot changed these li: Hence, owely fot nears pale eyed ageadoTct. The i thats hoy ofp thee be such theo a eet ieee ofiie tend ners espionage rae rn ro issues. Come thu tht sty of pac wa decayed as «even ths of er aga wth cay he bane owes ‘tera presunpton th mst eon nd ete Yor ay com ewan se sew nenng i brenphthe anova palauss eel ae certs onsequenees of thaw ae Tho we footw ates have actly ws lege the ration aerate are fom which a sesman may choose who st est (Gr proteus presuning alvpy Tha aan a ‘tal mamer end ih of hese ona esas is pax SateMan ‘Zig thes Grmstncen ly toch es the tetingof tht peti pit testa ct ae th conmgunes es here ‘eng the tf ternational poli 2'The ain sist ht lp poli res to fd way hough the Indice of nto ple cone oltre define otro Pome Tis concept pote nite ein yg waRTEaN or ‘Stal pica the ct to be undo Tes police rn stooomone ‘phere of aton and undestndng apr from other pers sch econo {dete interns of terest deed ar wei}, er sett o rion. Wit such «cance theory of poli, international or dames, woul be Atogetior imposible for when we coud mot ings Bete ple fnfoonoli factor cole nga! es eas of tema oer the poll phere Worse tht sateen think an et in tem of terest defied a power, Tn the evidence of itor earth cumpton ow. That asamp allows tovrtmce snd sntpts, at i wee, the step a statesman, present OF cos fitare—ha taken orl ake onthe pita acne. We lok vers shoulder ‘shen he wri is dates; we ten non is coveratin th oe states tens we read and antpate is very hough, Thisking ems of tnerest Astin a power we thik ashe dcr, and a dsnterstd observers we une ‘and hi thoghts and ations perhaps beter ha he, tb ator on the pla ore coer iro The concept of interest fined as power inpotes intelectual dscpine ‘pon the eve, infes rational ode nto the sje nate of pits and ‘thar makes the theoretical understanding of ples pose. On the ie ofthe ‘eon it provides for aol daipline Inaction and crests that mtonding ‘ont in foreign ple which makas American, Bris Russian foreign pol appear ae an ateligble, rtlonal contin, hy and Inge consistent ‘shin ie, regardless ofthe diferent mies, preferences, a nella {nu neal quits of suceesave statesmen, A reals theny of nteratonal palit, then ll guard against popula fallacies: the once with tives a <= a tratieraigae aes ae __, etext ofthe fit isnot enough Tog meaning to the fatal re materi frei pai: wo mas spponch poll aly with Kind of rain ‘ute, map that gts tous he ponte earings fore poly. oer sone ounee a gut of re te ert ese on py nd a tes a wr ak va yal oc mh inn ted prt eos slike onan wh dogo eens Ta sa Tr ce to oe plc alasielyin the moe of xtnesmen Is bth tle and deceptive. ti ale Deine es re the most ase of Poclogal dts, dort a they ae, Frequently beyond secognin, by the Titers and emotions of stor an ober ke. Do we realy kaw Wht ue tomate ac? And wat dose know of ae mates of ees? ‘et even f we hal sce to the veal mies fstatesmen, at ould help lite inendertandng fort polices, nd might wl ead ws str) iste that the baomledge ofthe states motives may give ws one anon, ‘many ches eo what the ection his reign poly might be. Team ge s. Ketoes/ thn ann hin bali en pestinc lis lige pelcten Mhaedesioiacals14 pars nana sconseauences ‘act sn nosy creation between the qu of motives andthe gual of fog ole Tiss tev in bth nora and pla tes ‘We canot cole from the yd intestine fatten tht is foreign pole il be ether moral psewethy or peliclysoccessa Jing 3 notes, wo can sythat he i notional purse poles at re rally ‘rong te can sy nothing about the pablty of ther smces. He wa 0 ‘ow the mora polical ques of is acto, we mst kw ther, ates: Hw often hve ttsnen lea rotated bythe desi oie the ‘vd nd ended by making tose? And bow often have try sgt one sl {dead y achieving omen they weer epee oe desired ‘reat theory of nterationa polis wil also avo the ter poplar illaey of equating the foreign poles of atstan wilh hi pimp o pela paths, and of deducing the fonner fom the ater Sttemnen especialy wer ‘ontmporarycondtons, nay wel maka of prestige ore pl ‘es inte of ter poopie nd pls ype inode to gn poplar Suppt fr them. Yet dry ll tings th Lincoln bueween thi oi ‘4 which se tink an actin temo the atonal terete pera Wish which to se thei om moa ales and pli principles rao ‘hroughout the Word. Puta realism does nt requ, not dost eondone, ‘rine te pla and per pcp eg esa ‘etncton tuo the dean te paket ses se ‘Timea pe Tunes it al reg pies hae has flowed sonal sn jee tl emotes iret cents psn, irate snipe pene tofulewesose meron SEES bi but dc ly pls fe tt ta Sure: Ean wer fag pty one anor een a Ser ott the nel ora popu esto te sp of ‘egy cnt al onary ef eg pl te Tee rye ech poly whch a a tony mat fe eben ere ‘Pt i ee nal cements wpa pct ey py ‘pratt modes ts beans re Nate [tls wat ih wea ids pence he itn team mati pal tly nd toa ‘hay dae se te let etc psa eal ped oaths appv eying tombe oes by eed ete ite put thor pent ene sen te ae a ‘or at ats sho pe gt he ieee camo te mm cena pesen poo Tl tin ate basemen dost pt ey stesso an sen ‘tam potty stam ign an ete ‘wth es iy the ne, or the sk of theoretical to ste Tet mee tance hae realy tiger thon a ein preset he eae ose Taal pels pence po come aos ‘Ath sane tne poli als cae tonal cg poly to be cool arg gohan egy gli eo ijl guna of mes ec tlsn mas ipa pe {urd a he polled word fo resemble as much as posable lr panto porta vr fi stale yp oe ott tenn ply ii ply tpl en mts ty ot oy et ‘our unto lent of pil ey a sl at ore oy aft eran sown pre pps ine sana pint then ee eet a cel sign pole/desnetorant nop Tt upon nerd te Wiebe to preesnton asst deta pte al itm! or ston res ar fem nga he ti for stan pee ane af erty wl acy ba rea snes iy eng et ns pt. nena ‘lS nanapreation elt fae af poner Sel an th shy cone oft defies Posor an bj ene wich tera wi bgt osteo at ‘rid mesming ats ae nce afr alle ea atest det the eee os wate Ur transac f Ue al ee Treo tacoen moll enperenes clan! Gee hwy a imaging der oltentubaie ieten tata utp i rit cut by Lal Say om atten oon ‘haa ange 6 the ce of ang ets: Ts ‘lito iy t een by eee einge Asal nl of hana tz nl once th th pete pt noe th gern nd ia io yn ero tte en oe ere cont ply desl ty wo a temic ef price prseeingenratyt te efd Se d ‘Sigs sl iy. Perna cpa aig contin ai of al ‘Sow of te or, or aunt Whe common god I in 0 al, {et ted net hs sont bt he xprence a ‘Sees ada hs proved we mst get ne, Sng he xt ‘Son fa, Ere we insta tert, No aati, ta bl on resumption manne seed ea eco and enlarge upon a ou century by Max Weber obsenaton nets inter ts dot det hatin of men. Yet he “in wet by ere ert seed tn eer ‘nung tno hc he anion intro one nvog”| Yet the Kind of ints tersing politi ation in a puta prod of ‘tog Soper pe tis pola enl cal conta wit Bich Torelge ply ts20 oxen wunciy Ano ts consrauners VN emataea htt ii ep nit ig pc Ini cmpie shin at extabses and mantis the cool a over tn Ts power versalloia aoa wt aerve than, rom peed Sane the mest sue psholgel es by which ane mind conta ante. ower covers th domination of man by a, bth wen dpi yor ‘dane ental by contutna separ tn Wester demoerac, ane ‘ent that untamed and bare aoe his avs inning ut Son tet and teen ns nds 1] pa ram se thal the ccnp coon ner 1 hada "i ety aad ser post thea of lg weve. canot be cng Tw balsa poner sans sine peel eet ofa Pie we theater The Fede popes we nee yt expe of operating das ‘ated Stn under condone sab pena catie faa at lane gens tote conten can be dps ne ter lal sene sar cmos aby alpen wl then peal het they be overlong athe baoy amon era maton ‘Wht a general carer of eatin atonal to | she aon stat tliat pt of etre of oem oe pal altel action must br ple and dete, the contemporny ection Karen eet the nton tapenade oud / spe nthe cause ohio Nang nt es osion ar) tt aston tat the presen ds of te pla weld es) States willbe replaced by lang units of = ute diferent character, mon Seping with the techno poentliies andthe moral nurements of he “Te wealsipars company with te sca of bought efor the allrpetant «question has the eontemporuy worl sto be tsfrmed. The reat fs fen ha hs aor cb ahve aly gh he weg ‘ae De at Scr pre at we etg ol ter {ot by contig td ray tht eee ht wh an at ed that hes totale nel aoc {{Pobtel elsre ofthe mor plnce of gle so, i also avery of the inl tension batrooe the mol saat the tearein Oaft po OR lings i er cotton area soa bt the mor he pie ae bygone ato plese monly wore, then heya, dhe nr law es ting tn cul eal nants incl eral price eanot be spld to the ‘ction of tates In het abntracl universal rmnaion bt that hey must be ORCA /SOPAINGRLES OF POUT RERIS 81 Aker through the coneete reumstanes of tine at place. The dhl may ‘ayo himsell “Fit, prea mans Let atic be de, even the wr evi) the stat has ght 50th ate fon waren ete Beth individ and ste most judge plea stony aera mor pines, sch anthtof Mert Yet whl the nil hx noel tre all ‘n defense of cha mol pine, the ste has no igh to rd spp ‘tara te tigen a tet gin hey cee pola $a ineped ye orl pring fan sural The cat be no pac ‘na iu precy that witout consdsraon tte Pot on Sequences of Senay mrt ton. Res then, consider pacino ‘elghing of the conseguenses of emis pelle ston He Sane i polis Ets the aber odes action by fs Conformity wh te ‘nT ths ue ston by pli eonseences laa and ‘medal only knew tis, ad 0d Lincol wen he sa {othe ery eo, he ey et cm ean oe ing heen Ihe ed nse nal ih, opt Pa st thing tthe ern ot wenger angels eaing a ih wold ae 5, Pale ral raises to Sent the moral apeations of a purtse si et i rt tg snguaies betren {rth opinion so dager Btn uh and oly Al elo are ‘empts—and fe have ben ale to resist the tnptation fr Lng lathe theiromn prc asptrations and actions inthe nara arenes ofthe nies ‘Tolnow tht atone ae subject othe mad i ison hing wile opted to sow ith corti what goed a ev i he relations aon naions sql sar Theres wold of eiference teen the bh al ations sand ‘der the judgment of God scitable tothe hun in, the pene onion that God abe on one sean a what one wl nese cat fat be willed by God ae, “The ighticated equation betwen «particular nations ad the cones of Podence s orl ndfensble, are tht ery nf ress whe "he Grek tages and the Bel popes have wrod ler a ld Tha equation ao poltiallypericinsfor is lable to engender the dstoton In judgement ih, in the blindness of ewan nny, deste ats ‘vations in the name moral pail, Wel, Cad hinsell ‘On the ole hand ies eal the emcep of interest deed interns of power ta saves ws from bth that moral exces and thet pot fol: For i we Tonka al nations, ur on nlded, x pla entities prsing thir eget ners dfn oes of power we ae able od uae ao them, And we far able odo justice to al Shen na dal sense: We ae able together ations swe Jo ou on and, Davin judged hem ts aon, we ae then ‘apbl of pursuing poles hat respect the terest of eter nations, wie pro teting an promoting those af out avn. Moderation py cannot alt ect Sonedomcn of meal pines22 pmer) unciraNo Ts couseqUECS 6: Tein, thn toes oli es and other schoo het il ant profound However tah the typi ea mayne io tno and step, here lo guanine tl 1c oral tite to nates ptes! Talay the poll ret tmnt the atonomy ofthe pli spre the camo the age, the moral wat hi te ik {En of interest dated 8 power the conan ks torso itr ttn sweat the lwp ofthe cnt of ato ah ope the tno oth enfrmty of ction vith worl pple Te semont a, “How des the phy te the wea of sc ors pent ke asks ceord thereof bh mori "th pa iy nccrd with mor pines? Ad tepals" dws is pul lo the porerol the mon?” (Ovo e eral inert, Congres Tih pry fescue sth oe may Be) "Ph pie aa ware of exitence an kw of tana cf tong ther than pica ec he oil eth cna bt sora Ateneo tana hw fle Aad he pute company eh ote sols sri they spon stds fog appoiteto ersperet pon the Patho hala dese ofthe toon of the plts spher sant sar sion y terns thot ds tt nyse forthe exe nd inportce of hese fer meds of thought tater pls that ah sed be ‘edged proper sphere aon Pelion red pon lar onc tana ature. Rel na compet “sono man," icant nels ante A mn bo war ing tp tn” wd be fr wo be sompltey aking orl ers A ‘tan wo ting bt "moral man wl Be ao or he ede co tlt cingin prance, Arman ho wes nothing bt line woo "i fre wed be completly aking ine dee Tecogizng tt hese ret ett one pi ean sto mec none to unerstand ne oft oe a del ho ison tems Thatistouy fart odode a: nator tine beingebrt om thebestof han tre sad eal with ree fous epee twre he oon Fartermore, wa spy thesis ‘Pere tsar of hgh sprout ol sap eng wre fe Titi eter stared ra nace op the ely ues Stina Wha treet eof nan street ters No ox Srv ntncewol conve adene ands rlatonsto aber ‘Screen in yt ice trugh sh proce of enn {Eero her ston of aut ode deepen! one appropri ‘Saja econ ha devel aan stones thay ‘Scr th fan cotton development the dof snd prof pl el, Penrith na Thing th theory of polis wich based won sich pip wl eet wth nanos poor dos, fort mater, ch ORCENTHAY/SHFRNCPLSOF POUT REALE 29, * fog pti. Fo try pa rn contr oto ends our Sauer ale ss ees he astm ofr object hoy ie Ove te ets digester power ty on gh som te pero an pis fhe ‘tse ey sl aie oes head) tr ner Sea The oer te, pp oe et coy el pra pai tems frm he ery th ext se eee the ah soi pbteal spore The human id ni dy yy oper camot iar a he fp agit nee 1 Spe, dator {tian ents he tht oe, the ete nde athe ‘need mth press of poten putei i the of erat ls. Foray deshing him bol he a of pots a tree pinsenthplie scne an ale ole coente aplc ena vh Titan fli en, “Ts inet hor wich tes o undead neato st yd ng ben eo ait i te er a ss epic woul item veces ec te ‘mtr bach ening wed te ores 1 The Weng of George Waning, ey Jon Cath Wigton Und Sete tN p98 2 Marine tbr, Mar ole Tange) CB. Mol, 196, yp 34-8 Se an asl Gum aged i] Ne