CHAPTER 06 Binomial Theorem Learning Part Session 1 * Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index * Pascal's Triangle Session 2 * General Term * Middle Terms: * Greatest Term * Trinomial Expansion Session 3 * Two Important Theorems * Divisibility Problems Session 4 * Use of Complex Numbers in Binomial Theorem * Multinomial Theorem * Use of Differentiation * Use of integration * \When Each Term is Summation Contains the Product of Two Binomial Coefficients or Square of Binomial Coefficients. * Binomial inside Binomial * Sum of the Series Practice Part * JEE Type Examples * Chapter Exercises Arihant on Your Mobile ! Exercises with the fg symbol con be practised on your mobile. See inside cover page to activate for fre. .Session 1 Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index, Pascal's Triangle onsisti 1 negative sign between them is called a xl ete Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index If x.ae Cand ne N, then (es ay = "Cox" Pal +O, x tal eC x at two dissimilar terms Some Important Points 1. Replacing a by ( a) in Eq. (i), we get (x =a)" ="Cy x" a® —"C, x" @! FMC x a? (=I) *C, x" HoH (HI) "C, x? a fl) Yew re, x" a" —®. On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get (x +a)" +(x =a)" =2{"Cy x" g? or (x-a)" FMCr xP a EMC, xt fal tod =2 {Sum of terms at odd places} The last termis "C, a" or "C,_, xa"~! according as n is even or odd, respectively 3. On subtracting Eq, (ii) from Eq, (i), we get (x +a)" (x a)" =24"C, x1 a! HMC xP a ate, eS a ted =2 {Sum of terms at even places} The last termis "C,_, xa"~! or "C, a” according as n is even or odd, respectively. ‘ * Replacing x by 1 and a by x in Eq, (i), we get (4 xy ="Cy xe" xt, x? Ht Cx tt Cn F ext of 4 or aaayte Ste, x5. Replacing x by (-x) in Eq. "Co x°— "Cy x1 + "C; x? i), we get Gents Ht CDC or (=x) = SEN Gx” jpample 1. Expand (2 - ay by binomial theorem 4 Using binomial theorem, we get ) = cata? (3) + *cyear(-2) we 3) er( 9 + °C, (20 - xy +5C, cap'(- xy = Cy (2a)* ~ °C, (2a)* 3 + 5C; (2a) Q) sa ( orl) 6) 20at | 7204" 10800" | 810 _ 243 be ye 320° — lxample’2. simplify (x4 Yo? = 108 + (x Yo? = 19° Sl Let ix? 1) =a Then, (x + a)* +(x — a)® =2{°Cy x°"9 a? + °C, xP a? $C tH at 4 Cy xO H a) 22x" + 15x'a? + 15x%a! + 0°) [from point (2] 2fx* + 15x* (x? — 1) + 15x? (x? —1)° +(x? -1)"} tra=ye=1) =a32x* - 48x! + 18x? ~1) (sama. In the expansion of (x +a)", if sum of terms is P and sum of even terms is Q, prove that OPQ? ay? gy" 8) 409 = (x40) —(x 0)” MS Ors ap ancy xt HC, x sgh ety xt Pat HEC EP batt Cy OM RCo x" "Cy x Fa HNC, xT hah +.) HO ete NC Pe 4 Cy TPH) Chap 06 Binomial Theorem 439 = P+ Qigiven) “ and (x= aff = "Cy x" 9a? = "Cx" 8a! $ Cy x Fa? RPC xT AMC Ta My xt Cy Tate MCy xt ha +.) HCC xt Nae MCy xT HC TF aH) = P~ Q(given) i) @ P-Q' =(P+Q(P-O x tay -(x— ay — [from Eqs. (i) and (i) (id (x + a)" (x = a)" = [(x + af F =x a =(P+9)* -(P- QF =4P0 [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)] iple 4. show that (101)°° > (100)°° + (99)°° Sol. since, (101) ~ (99) =(100 +1) = (100 1)* = 24°C; (100)° + C5 (100) + “Cs (100)* + ..} =2x %C; (100) +24 *C5 (100) + Cs (100) +...) = (100)* + (a positive number) > (100) Hence, (101) (99)" > (100) => (101)* > (100) + (99) Byes, a Lexample5. ifo, = 3. a find the - "Cr value of zy a 0 "Cr, Sol, Let P Ai) Replacing r by (n ~ r) in Eq, (i), we get z 2 "Cyr li) ray [given]440 = Textbook of Algebra Properties of Binomial How to Construct a Pascal's Triangig Expansion (x + a)” Binomial coefficients in the expansion of (x +a)? arg PW 3n (i) This expansion has (n + 1) terms. 1 (ii) Since, "C, = "C,_,, we have 1 (143) +3) G+) 4 "Co= "Cyt ‘Then, 1 4 6 4 1 "C= "C50 are the binomial coefficients in the expansion of x 4) "C= "Cy =) and s0 on. 221 Example 6. Find the number of dissimilar term iq ft the expansion of (1- 3x-+ 3x? — x 5) (ii) In any term, the suffix of C is equal to the index of a Se ae ot : and the index of x = n (suffix of C), Sob. (1— 3x +347 — 29)" = (1-2) y {iv) In each term, sum of the indices of x and a is equal to n. Properties of Binomial Coefficient Therefore, number of dissimilar terms in the ex (13x + 3x? 2°)? is 100, a 7% " "| (n Ie le 7. Find the value of t @ "Cc, cama be represented by C(n. on{") Uepatnp x ", (ii) "C, = "Cy, then either x =y orn =x +y. mortd $0,"C,="Cy_, = =(n-r+) (ili) "C, + "C,_, ="*"c, 1 oot -r4t = So-rsy= Savy GF vas @'G=2 IC, sy Sra essen nin¥t)_ n(n tay spn Pascal's Triangle iDedes xample 8. Let C, stands for ” : Coefficients of binomial expansion can also be easily P et C; stands for “C,, prove that determined by Pascal's triangle. AUC + CMC +N Cr#C5)..(Cy + Cg) 0 (n+1)" van : = (CoC, Cnr) (+a)! nt Gta? ; 1 Sol. LHS =(Cy + CVC, + CLC + Cy) hy + Ce) z vy ye YyYN ero 1 Pascal triangle gives the direct binomial coefficients. For example, (eta)! atext sax? 046. x%q? +4xa? tia! ext +4x°a+6x%a t4x0? ta! =O ecsasple 2 Find the sum of the series ! jester Fore © lnm Sewell) GF) «(J ene vptomieo ‘upto m terms Lew 'e (J ede yc, (y Ft + Devs (J+ dew (J a 8 16 ++. upto m terms, me) 5 Exercise for Session 1 od 4, The value of $r-1C,-3°-(-2)°°" is 10 (b) 20 ©) 0 (¢) 300 2. The numberof dissimilar terms inthe expansion of x +1 +x + a) ¥ (a) 61 (b) 121 () 255 (¢) 16 “Be The expansion +02 = 172) (4? 1891 2pm of Searee Fas ) 6 (7 (8 AA a +9 (02 - 18 is osualt0 (@) 101 (©) 702 (c) 1402 (@) 1202 7-The total numberof dissimilar terms in the expansion of (x + a)" + (x a)" after simplification will be (@ 202 51 (©) 50 (@) 101 «umber of non-zero terms inthe expansion of(1+ 42x)" +(1-3 42x)" (a) 0 (b) 5 9 (10 “ Oy(y, & Where x= SOx" 1B) 2 is equal to Tris nr 3 (#e @) (a) on! oe ni BAC 1 (a) 20 (@) 30 0 (o) 50Session 2 General Term, Middle Terms, Greatest Term, Trinomial Expansion General Term (i) the coefficient of x7 nthe expansion o The term "C, x*°" a i the(r +1) th term from («-34) beginning in the expansion of (x +a)". Itis usually called bx the general term and it is denoted by T, , Also, find the relation between a and b, so that these ie, Trey = "C, x" a! 7 coefficients are equal Nie ¢axzy (1 )" U Exarfple 10,Find the th term in the expansion of SOL (Here 7,., =" (axty™* (2) 3 . Oa - y* “ Now, in order to find out the coefficient of x’,22 -3¢ rust be A ie a-wa7 res Hence, putting r = 5in Eq. (i), we get iple 11. Find the coefficient of x in the Required coefficient = "C, ne eran ox (i) Here, Tey = "Cy (axyt#(— 1) \ ox?) Sol. Here, T,,, = "C,(x?)"~" ' (ay = Meg (ast *( 2) oan =e, x (ay sok 3 =a EE ge w =", (=1Y x2 in} ov Now, in order to find out the coefficient of, 20 ~ 4¢ must Ira be fin the coefient of bea be. -3R=-7-5 R26 Hence, putting R= 6in ie, 20-3 =8 (ii), we get ss ——— rea Required coefficient Hence, puting r= 4 in Eq (i), we get : } He, Stig ne ote Required coefficient = (~ 1)* - " 57 ” “e 7 o ~~ 4 S os Riven, Coefficient of xan le 12. Find [a7 + 2) = cocfhicient of x” in/ ) () the coefficient of x” in the expansion of _* 1 * ° 1 ne, cg, a , = ef ang oxy aN Oo abet (+3) aa the required relation between a and bse 0 Chap 06. tinal theorem — 443 14. Find the term independent of a ; : ety! "totxinthe How to Find Free from Radical Terms or esa aff a” x) Rational Terms in the Expansion of ees (a"?+b"7)", va, be Prime Numbers of vali) (ty First, find yyy = NO, (ality (6tY" esoutn Garvaaa hee MC oat 8 cere) (ys © By inspeetin puting the aes of 01'S Ne hen yas term is independent of x, then the index of x must be polices of ound bar: ince Mies 3 =0 = r=6 Ae Poe value by putting r = 6in Eq, (i) see ac Then, ree from radical terms = Terms which are inteders eertee() (fete sts {ine gts os Mame ied aonchomteal ans favoaierns Wie (12-392? +3 terms 8. tuber craton terms ~ Tota tems — Number o y+t)th Term From End in the [:-a, be prime numbers) : General term, T, 4 = ™C, 2" QF oP xP \ecample®, Find the 4th term from the end in the soc, Patt : ” psi gt 8 pansion of (2-2 ie 2 x Now. osr sso Forr =0.2,4,6,8..,500, indies of 3 and 2 are positive 7 integers = hte fom beginning in the expansion of Hence, number of terms which ace integers fas pape 17. Find the sum of all rational terms in the \&pansion of (31 + 21)" ‘Sol. The general term in the expansion of (3° + 2°) ts oP Y 251 50+ lamplé 15, Find the (n+ 1}th term from the end in o 1 ‘he @pansion of (= -1) ie Fore = 4 (n+ ayn term from the end inthe expansion of 2 Rational terms are Tyo 4 Ty + Then CPP a (n+ 1)th jerm from beginning in the expansion of The 2 4 7 and Tiso1 = PCy 3° 2 = 32 ‘sum ofall rational terms = 27 + 32= 59444 Textbook of | T Example 18, Find the number of irrational terms in the expansion of (9/3 4. §/3)°9 Sol. Since, (45 + §2)" ee General term, I, As. 2 and § are coprime. TIT Be ational i 100 ~ i multiple of 8 and ris a multiple of Also, osr<:00 : r= 0612 18..,96 Now, 100-reainis.100 @ and 100=r =0816 24.100 ® ‘The common terms in Eqs. (i) and (i) are 16 40,64 and 88, = 84,60, 36,12 gives rational terms. ‘+ The number of irrational terms = 101-4 =97 Problems Regarding Three/Four Consecutive Terms or Coefficients (i) If consecutive coefficients are given In this case, divide consecutive coefficients pairwise, we get equations and then solve them. 1 Example 19. Let n be a positive integer. If the coefficients of rth, (r+ 1)th and (r+ 2)th terms in the expansion of (1+ x)" are in AP, then find the relation between n and r expansion of (1+ xf are"C, be are also in AP. 2ar n-ne 2 trem nary = mane strane? = (n= 2 anen Corollary! For (en23) te 26) +e 1 Example 20. if a,b,c and d are any four Consecutive Coefficients in the expansion of (1+ x)", then prove that peel e120 Gab" ced “bee oy ac ) ye igty 3g @ lec] * (a+b)(c+d) Sol Let a.bc and d be the coefficients of the rth, (+ 1th, (r-+2kh and (r +3} terms respectively, in the expansion of (1+ x)". Then, TsTi= "Cx! "Cy A Taa"Gx c, (i) rener = "Cray x7" Cres ‘iy and Tees =Tye2yer= "Cea x7? d=". (i) From Eqs. (i) and (i), we get a+b="C,_,4 °C, =", Bsa (2) geht eat ) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get breate. +c 2", -(*2)6 -() rH rei rH ma From Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get CFEC HMC eMC, “(ro (tt). rey r+a aH i) bre Tea (vii)445 Chap 06 Binomial Theorem AM > GM From Eqs. (i) and (vi), we Bet (ep (ele a (st 5 ae 7 ie) (a+ Herd) w) remembering Method 2 + Middle Terms A pk “The middle term depends upon the value of o Qg {) When n is even The total numberof terms in the ab age ne expansion of (x +a)" is n+1(odd), So, there iS only arbbre” e+d cone middle term, ie. ( + sf term is the middle 7 a 2 (iy If consecutive terms are given cea ee art eee xt a”? inthis case, divide consecutive terms pairwise. ic. If four Gi) When nis odd The total number of terms in the oapeculive Com are T, Tri. Ty 42» Tr+3- Then, find expansion of (x +a)" isn + 1 (even). So. there are ot Tek 12% = dy asd (Gay). Then, divide iz by two middle terms, ie., nT and( "*3 th are T Tra Trea : 2 2 jy and Ay by Az and solve. two middle terms. They are given by ast |example21. If the 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the : expansion of (x+ y)" are 240, 720 and 1080 respectively, find x, y and. Sol Given, Tr = Tei = "Cix" "y= 240 Ai) Ty = Th =" yx Foy? = 720 (ii) and Ty = Ty, = "Cy °2" iy’ = 1080 ii) I le 22. Find the middle term in t! "Cyxt ty! 720 ot( bx) 7 fay, 50 The mbt f term in he expansion f(t + be) is 13 > - iv : x 7 (oa), its mide term is (12 + 1th, be 7 term ‘Also, dividing Eq, (ii) by Eq. (ii), we get 2 cya" ty! 100 2 Requedtem. T; «Tae ¥64( 4)" (bot Cpe ye 720 x = Cat S906 a Ht it (ates te? it : bY = 928 a Wi 3 Jx 2 x an-2 i {Example 25,Find the middle term in the expansion From Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get ofl 3x—* a 6 2(n-2) Pa q2e—-24 290-9 Sol. The number of terms in the expansion or - i Stole 10 (even). So, there are two middle terms, ie 941 4s nes ie and( 243 ( : jm af ; jm terms, They are given by Ts 3 From Eq (iv), we get y= 5 * wi) and Ty,446 Textbook of Algebra Now, on substituting values of n, x and a in Eq, (i), rsm+ forrsm . where me Nando Trev Cn Ly V2 Moyet a and greatest term (when =3)= T+ a =| 8c, G54) | ig, gy a | be 21/37 7) 11:10:9 or i) aM 2109 3 Cs 12-3 From above, we say that the values of both greatest terms and are equal Aliter un veg (a Since,(3- 5x)" = 3 (.-3) = t2<1 => — or x<—— (ii) Tres aes ——— Now, at From Eqs. (i) and (i, we get | neeettl > net n ets { Corollary Forn =5 7 \ 37 \ Sexe since, the greatest terms in the expansion are Ts and Te 6448 Textbook of Algebra Important Properties of the Binomial Coefficients In the binomial expansion of (1+ x)". Let us denote the coefficients "Cy, "Cy, "Coes "Cpreees "Cy by Cor Cys Cr, ser Cy yes Cy, respectively. (i The coefficients of the terms equidistant from ~ the beginning and the end are equal ‘The (r + 1)th term from the beginning in the ‘expansion of (I+ x)" is "C, x" ~The coefficient of the (r + 1)th term from the beginning is "C, and the (r +1)th term from the end in the expansion of (1+ x)" =(r +1) th term from the beginning in the expansion of (x +1)" = "C, x"~" ~. The coefficient of the (r + 1)th term from the end is oy Hence, the coefficients of (r + 1)th term from the beginning and the end are equal. He sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 +x)" (1+ x)" = "Cot "Ci x4 "Crx? + "Cy x? tet "Cy x® +. Sum of binomial coefficients (ii) The sum of the coefficients of the odd terms = The sum of the coefficients of the even terms (tx = Cy Cy xt MC xT H Cy XP tt "Cyt Putting x =~1, we get = "Co ~My Cr = "Cyt "C= "Cy 4 OF CECH Cy Hue "Cyt ENC, + Since, the sum of all the cogflicients is 2", therefore each side is equal to” ela" ch side is equal to Hence, C, +C, +C, +. Tote +Cy +... ge “Remark fn the expansion of (x ~2y + 22)" putting x we get the sum of coefficients = (1-24 Ain the expansion of (1 of coefficient +1 +77" putting x = we get the sum trey - Trinomial Expansion an Forne N,(1+x+x°)" = a,x" " a Hay Hayx bagx? +... ta gx" Ho. + Ayn There are (2n + 1) terms. The middle coefficient is a, | which is also the greatest. Gq = A2n1 Oy aq 15-00 Oy ‘The coefficients of (1+ x + x?)" for n=0, 1, 2, ... canbe arranged in atriangle, 144 123214 76 31 10] 16 196 104] 1 v 1515 9045 51 45 30 15 5 4 i.e,, The rows contains the coefficients for n =0, 1, 2,3,.... Each entry other than two entries at the ends is the sum of three entries above it. 15=144+10,30=16 +10 +4, ete and x =~1in Eq, (i), we get Gg +aytay +45 +..,40yy =3" Putting [sum of all coefficients} (i) and ag a, +42 ~a5 +...4@9y =1 Ait) On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 3t+1 Wy $a, $44 +... ayy {sum of coefficients of even powers of x] On subtracting Eq. (ji) from Eq, [sum of coefficients of odd powers of x] Putting x =i(/=i) in Eg (), we get % +4; i+a ® +a, Fag tas P +. tag = )+i@s~a5 ta, -. = (ao ~ a2 +44 ~...) +a, =(cos™ isin ®)". n =| cos” + isin)", ( 2 nt] cof > (ao -a, +a, -Chap 06 Binomial Theorem 449 = (are ye = ay a5 5 ~.. = wand o* (cube roots of unity) in Eq. (i), we get 3 oy or xno aN ra, 040, OF +4, 0" +a, 08+ wiv) ‘ : areal caro! tana! saya" +0 10) eyagadfe 50, Find the values of i), (iv) and (v) and then dividing by 3, we 4 7 © lng Eas. i. () Goat oss Wo ots ee 1 (ay yorai* aal* a So, vt ‘The given series can be written as 1,1 _,_1__4 -) (n= 11 (m= 3)!3! (mn —5)SE ‘Sum of values of each terms in factorial are equal. Seay ie.(n—1)41=(n-3)43=(n-5)+5=020 ww Seve, a From Eq. (), a nt a \faampl@ 28. Find the sum of coefficients in the 7 le SWia Sais Geis! | aoafsion of the binomial (5p ~ 4g)", where nis a postive integer. Secs tes ty +922 Ping p in (Sp ~ 4g), the required sum of coeff (i) oma ee ‘ The given series can be written as VBxample 29.78 the expansion of (3°*/* + 35/4)", if Lot dat gigtetoe «iy ‘he sum of binomial coefficients is 64 and the term oe ee wth the greatest binomial coefficient exceeds the third ‘» Sum of values of each terms in factorial are equal by (n—1), find the value of x. ie, 240=104 4 Given sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of 1 Given sum ofthe binomial coefficient pan: Fromeq, (i), 2 22! ng 22 ON 53 6g 12 | 1210 walt on: Then, ptt stage ror dae = BCPC eB Heyy eB Gry =64 = 2 2 a=6 13a : \_-A Example 31. prove th ‘Weknow that, middle term has the greatest binomial i P rove that the sum of t! conficients. Here, n =6 f he coefficients in the expansion of (14 x — 3,2)2183 is-1. Middle term =( +1 \th term = 4th term = T, aye idle term (E 1) ma hi Sol. Putting x in(1+ x ~3x7)", the required sum of poe ineccons coefficients =(1+1~ 3) (yates _ 1 = Ty 41 = (6-1) ¥T; _Apxatiple 32, If the sum of the coeffici ee 80, 5 FAY gee tc the - SCH G8 O54 HC, (Gr HY Gg SHIH expansion of (ax? — 2x 41)55 ig equal tothe ne: a 20-3" 25415-3987 the coefficients in the expansion Of (x — ay), find the let pe value of o, : : Sol. Given, sum of the coe 5 200 =S415¢ re eee ficients in the expansion of 4? — 3p — =ee or Important Theorems belgaals = Terroir 2 Socata < ra Sedbcceimd tO Exercise for Session 2 here empower ol Oe A fovceonmnvenmnaaslrs taf ome omatis meee emcee mtntneigste moans Set asec OO eg a os e oo SPE cca aannemmetente Tiare seem eme ne scmen a y tee os A hte enein to 00 tues, 7 or am om Tso" P-oF Finca ate FFoatontin sone sonnets ‘eens A primmntcmanccemind 3) 2a mamcenessse [Maman soe jraactminae fh "ow eS Bat) coment pecafeciae | tu : A evomentsoiter se 10 aeunetee ee aoe = ver -sOr aHow to Find Remainder by Using Binomial Theorem ae fo) “ee epttneps tn Pr 1 To show that an Expression ple by An Integer sason ees ee ores esp eget oy pe sm 4 8 Neate em ot ae se ct expe 3-835" whee osama rit ate is nt at ‘ie an bash tt Posada] me yee example ae 2! mente minds 0, roe at 222 4 555% sey se a a ne gy mee?454 Textbook of Algebra (chap 06 Boma Theorem 455 290)? — 1 exam | m0. '50. Find the greater number in 300! and a ine, | How to Find Last Digit, Last Two Di Thien eet | (ito Fin igit, igits, 100m; 290) +1 100m = fea «00! ence, the peter number i(30) Hence the greater number 300 8 Exercise for Session 3 (0) even etger (@) anveatonanunber (0) ananileger renal number (c) sn edd number (6) aneven mbar 4. tool partof 2+ (a) 186 w 197 oe 9 86 100m + 683527680 +1 (02) (86) avis by wr ws on wos 100m 48357700 4 680 +1 = 100 (m + 69527) +681 Last hee digits = we Important Results BA (+1) canine Ft) Integer just eat ts dt 7. omnes 210-78 a we ws wo 8. Trae oi ne fa) oF - e083 8 wa 9. Te laet four digs of the nanber 3 ae 2001 a (3 0001 remainder won @w ex oa(chap 0 Sinem! Theorem 4857 Session 4 Poee Use of Complex Numbers in Binomial Theorem, Muttinomiay Theorem, Use of Differentiation, Use of Integration, Binomia, Inside Binomial, Sum of the Series on cfie 00+ abt Use of Complex Numbers From Ea and, we get, in Binomial Theorem eet458 Texboot of Agere “9 Coefficient of x’ in example 57, ‘expansion o sah aces ce4 es Use of Differentiation Ths meted appli only when the ‘he product ofthe binomial cot the quotient and isthe Ccefficient nthe (the da for tems] qesandr es Hence. ster oe ‘Then, replace x by x in the given series and ‘mulpying both sides of the expression by(rap 05 Binomial Tecra 461 460 Tendo0K of Alger XP =Co HC Cyt Pst tnt | example 60. 136,+5C;¢n2@nene, 2B wee ene P ln oa)t aRHS[Chap 06, Sinema Theorem 463 462 Texboob of Algebra same 4) WF 040-02 Ris | ieee ise of Integration teas eich pes =Co Cx $x HCH Ca ‘ifthe sum contains even coefficients Gy CyCy), then subtracting (2) from) and then (+P aCe rx eux? sx" ttcrtam | ftadngty?. See ‘replacing «by 2 then we get Ifa denominator of binomial coefficient product of faample $6. iF(14 x)" = Co + Cx EGC x”, prove that Gyo, |G 2 Cottey, g Gee stot nei mel Uta CC 8 CpeE Hh CR ‘eating bth sider of Leer arefleyrquecurts eG ” eat dee LCs 4G! Ht Cet464 rextbo0k of algeora {chap 06 Beomal Theorem 468,q Tere 467 When Each Term in Summation Contains ‘the Product of Two Binomial Coefficients, Or Square of Binomial Coefficients stow that 2064624610 +fet ee ATO Texo004 of Algeors anny, thereof oSOR eS 42 rextooos ot oer yr) and rent symmetical we id the sniby eterna. rn AN, WS icvoye8 Baea 414 Yen. of gern @ Exercise for Session 4 Fett HC a penta sen st st G+ GG) EG ve)Shortcuts and Important Results to Remember (+ 1th tem tom end inthe expansion o ie the expansion of (ey? =r Mh term rom begining 19 (tay. 20°C, 1 als rao =2, n=T andiorr= 80 =7.14 °C,."C,. are in AP, then (n ~2rF? =1-+ 20 1-9” Four consecutive binomial coetcients can never be in AP. \- 4 Three consecutive binomial coeticients can never be io PGP or HP. 5 \fabe.d are four consecutive coetcens inthe then c pansion of 1+ x)',then 2, Pare in AP. expansion of (1+ x09 ST Bee 'e +d ‘ ® 2, © 29 uot sa7*leee] (52) artien bee (a+d)e+d) 6 i greatest term in + x7" has the greatest coefficient, then 2 net @ {7 (@) The cooticient of x”-1in the expansion of 2 =D =2)(e- 3). en) (14 24 3+ +n) nin+t) ney , 2 7G (©) The coefficient of x °~" in the expansion of M42) Bn Oo) a4 24 3+ pa MBD rn, _A® The number of terms in the expansion of n+2 22 itmiseven FP ics 3 AB The number of terms in the expansion of 2, itmiseven (c+ af -(x-af' =|? n+ Pe iis odd ~¥= 107The number of terms in the expansion of multinomial Oa tka tt ta WHEN a, 2 X50 Ny EC aN neni ™G,,,.| LAP The numberof terms in the expansion of ar Constants, is2n +1 2 It the coefcens of eth and th terms inthe expansion of (1+ xf are equal, then p+ q =n+2where p.q,n EN. 13 Ifthe coetficients of x’, x : are equal, then n =(r + 1) ab + 1)— twhere n.r EN ang °) 414 Coefficient of x” in the expansion of | ax” + np - = Coefficient of7, , where r = “PT, where pian ey and a, bare constants. 15. The term independent of x in the expansion of (# + 3) is 7; «where r= ae where n.p.q en and a, bare constants. 16 Sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (ax + by)” is (a+ by’, where n € N and a, bare constants. 17 I(t xf’ =Co + OX + Cox? + 0 2yrG pg’ =n (i) BiG * + pq 18 (1+ xf) =Cy + Ox Cex? +... Cy x”, then 0 Bre, =n-204 w ES 2 ca orei nel wy Be C, =n (n+ 1)2"~? (iv) Zev 1C,=0 i) Zev? =0 Wid) ZEW -@--6, =a¥n>3 © BCVe-no-ne-no, =ovn-3 0 ZCV @-G <0¥n>a i) Zee 00-2). ka NOx ‘ pear for k = (r- ae a OR 2 BM 90, = EU xP arse" andfork = 3 & rir —1(¢ -2y 19-26, Pa galt =0 7 the expansion of ay *)" + Gyx" and p+q = then