10th Jubilee IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics • May 21-23, 2015 • Timişoara, Romania

Big data based Clouds Healthcare Web Service

Forecasting: Research Challenge
Hamido Fujita
Intelligent Software Systems Labratory
Iwate Prefectural University
Takizawa, Iwate, Japan
Email: issam@iwate-pu.ac.jp

Abstract—Web service predictions are increasingly evolving in
crucial manner in service providing in intelligent systems, in
health care. This article highlights research challenges in
health care forecasting based on cloud computing utilizing
preferences project on users using subjective criteria (from
user preferences) and objective criteria (statistical data in the
clouds). The objective is to forecast user health situation for
risk predictions.
Keywords- Medical service, forecast, cognitive model, human
interaction, health-care, big data.
I. INTRODUCTION
The term “Big-data” is commonly used to refer to a set of
technological components that have the capabilities to
empower data-intensive analysis on very large and complex
data-sets whose size is beyond the ability of traditional
software tools to capture, collect, integrate, unify, store and
analyze hundreds of millions terabytes of information [1].
The research efforts are being driven by big-data technology
to extract meaning and infer knowledge from very large
datasets (blog files etc.,). Within the context of the social
media domain, big-data technology is currently being
leveraged to create human profiles, monitor social behavior,
provide decision support based on social trends or discover
new business opportunities by the means of social network
analysis. On this purpose, various techniques such as data
mining[16] , behavioral pattern recognition [13][14][15] or
predictive analysis[17], [18] are gaining special relevance in
this area. This leads to the need of addressing research
efforts into the next generation of business intelligence [19],
[20] system for providing timely data analysis over big-data.
Existing research works that propose different approaches
and software architectures for collecting tweets and
performing searches over the gathered data [21], however
all of them are based on traditional storage systems at the
back-end. Big data problem has been at the forefront of the
IT sector for the last few years due to the global
proliferation and dramatic growth of data, largely due to the
advent of social media and social networking. Current social
networking sites have not only connected large user
populations but also have captures exabytes of information
associated with their constant interactions. The objective is
to provide services granules [5] represented in Cloud
Semantics [22] based on IoP (internet of People)
preferences [23]. The IoP will provide ordered preference
on people in connection to health [24] and crisis services
[25]. These two services are also presented in IoH (internet
of Health) in cloud semantics, and also internet of Crisis
(IoC) in another cloud. These clouds provide service to user
in health and crisis based on semantic analysis in relation to
their preference without having user provide direct input.
System will do these predictions and provide specific
direction that fit with a specific situation providing a
sensitive service in health care and crisis. The project
provides a promising vision where the virtual world of
information technology integrates seamlessly with the real
world of things as clouds. It is regarded as an ideal platform
for people, as well as smart things, to communicate easily
with each other not only in business and industries but also
in our daily scenarios. Automation and intelligence are the
primary characteristics of this promising environment where
knowledge and information play key roles. Applications and
systems tend to become more complex than before to
manage and operate in the converged world of large scale
Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Services (IoS), Internet
of People (IoP).
The knowledge bases in the Internet of Things can acquire
knowledge from domain experts as well as knowledge
mining tools, which can retrieve new rules and models from
massive information generated from people and things in
future context of the Internet of Things. The models of
knowledge management, knowledge refinement, knowledge
sharing, and self-managing models of pervasive service [26]
are the keys to make systems efficiently and effectively,
based on technologies combining big data, internet of thing
in the cloud for service in health care, crisis and privacy
preserving systems. This will impact the underlying cloud
infrastructure requiring efficient management of very large
scale set of globally distributed non-structured or (semi-
structured) big data for service and data hosted to provide
multi-cloud service supported by network that could handle

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H. Fujita • Big data based Clouds Healthcare Web Service Forecasting: Research Challenge
these application environment in uniform platform. Depends
on user preferences (subjectively [3][4] and objectively) the
system provide related service; granules of service
recommendations.
II. CONCEPTUAL APPROACH
There are research directions that have been formulated to
proceed on the mentioned directions:
1- Provide efficient classification methods than
organize information and classify it in knowledge-based
excluding noise and irrelevant information from big data.
2- A recommender system attempts to discover
information items from big data. They are becoming popular
tools for reducing information overload and to improve the
sales in e-commerce web sites. This knowledge implies that
the system must maintain users’ profile containing the
users’ preferences or needs. But the way in which this
information is acquired and exploited depends on the
particular recommendation approach. The system acquires
implicit information about the users analyzing the users’
behavior, or the system might request the users insert
explicitly their preferences. Another question to consider is
what additional information is required by the system, and
how this information is processed and managed to generate
a list of personalized recommendations. One of the most
used methods to generate the recommendations is the
collaborative approach in which the recommendations to a
user are based on other user recommendations with similar
user profiles [27], taking into account the ratings provided
by the users. Another widely used approach for its
simplicity is the content-based approach, which generates
the recommendations taking into account the items’
features[28] and the user past experience [29] dealing with
similar items. All approaches have their advantages and
disadvantages, so that a widely used solution is the hybrid
approach. The hybrid approaches combine both previous
approaches to reduce the disadvantages of each one of them
and exploit their benefits [30].
3- Development of Knowledge-driven and Semantics-
centered methods, self-managing models for pervasive
services, tools and techniques for the handling of various
aspects of Internet of Things. The research efforts are being
driven by big-data technology to extract meaning and infer
knowledge from very large datasets [1] (blog contents etc.,).
Within the context of the social media domain, big-data
technology is currently being leveraged to create human
profiles, monitor social behavior [31], provide decision
support based on social trends or discover new business
opportunities [32] by the means of social network analysis.
4- The cognitive limitations of the human mind render
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the processing of large amounts of complex information
intrinsic in many decision making situations very difficult to
handle and the handling must be strongly supported by more
elaborated decision analytical based support systems.
Naturally, in public decision making such, components such
as citizen involvement and transparency issues complicate
the decision-making process. The work on Risk Analysis
and Decision Support for Crisis Evaluation involves the
development of computationally meaningful models that
can handle a large variety of sources of decision data in a
structured way. Such a system has not been devised yet and
the current state-of-the-art is far from providing a solution.
The gains of this could be very large as we would make a
major step in risk and decision analysis towards a complete
and computationally meaningful decision theory utilizing all
components involved.
III. HEALTH CLOUD AND CRISIS CLOUDS
The framework enlisted as above is in line with the Horizon
2020 visions for innovative multilingual data and services
projects to provide interoperable data assets and knowledge
from large data volumes, in the area of health, and
wellbeing to understand health and ageing, analysis of
effective health care interventions in the elderly based on
shared experience, developing and comparing new models
for safe efficient, prevention oriented, health care systems
(TRL21), subjective analysis [2] for patient data based on
cultural and mental analysis, self-management of health and
patient empowerment by decision support system in the
cloud, IoH and eHealth interoperability and standardization
to better use of health data to improve the support for
policy-making and regulations, and have active ageing to be
independent and assisted living, and optimizing the
efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems based on
knowledge sharing and practices. This would participate in
reducing inequalities through evidence based decision
making shared on the clouds. These innovations would
provide optimized effectiveness and efficiency in health
systems through the development of health technology to
provide sustainable, cost effective and efficient health care
and security system in the cloud.
The other service cloud is disasters and crisis prediction and
risk analysis from big data, by addressing economic and
societal dimension of security and privacy in the digital
ecosystem for privacy preserving. Our project is providing
clouds service that can also, support specific environment:
harsh environment that recommender system (RS) should
provide to user in a situation estimated through multi-
sensing data gathering and knowledge acquisition from big
data. This is to provide a sustainable support that would
assist users in forthcoming or pre-computed anticipated
situation, which is may provide some hostility or miss-
1
https://www.posccaesar.org/svn/pub/ISO15926AndSemanticWeb
TechnologiesNetwork/Davis2013.pdf
 10th Jubilee IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics • May 21-23, 2015 • Timişoara, Romania
comfort. Or other situation which could have some risk in
achieving certain transaction enlisted implicitly in the user
profiles, like health risks or natural risk. User profiles have a
specific information and preference on their daily routines
in daily life, business, health check or other types of
preferences. These transactions are sensitive to many factors
that could be affected by environmental change, like
accident, health situation, weather change and other criteria
that could affect people health conditions, securities and
contributed in achieving successful business. This have a
big impact on sustaining quality assurance in achieving
many transactions optimally and efficiently, and also can
provide secure services fits in appropriate manner to users’
needs and their situations. The scope is to provide cloud
service as intelligent system service provider for health
management and crisis support. Also, such cloud system
should have standardization requirement supporting such
research service that is global, scalable and flexible real
time service platform, by combining real-sensors, of big
data infrastructures over load.
These two clouds service layers are considered as resources
that participating in performance, cost, robustness, and
efficient management, and are based on efficient sharing to
these resources among the best performance and priority
ranking of criteria related to these services. Hospitals’
doctors, risk centers, equipment, management and else
factors that specify the quality of these institutions in
providing these two types of services are essential factor in
judging the quality in providing secure and efficient services.
The outcome impact is based on cross-border business,
societal applications of robust interoperable technologies
that can combine IoP on IoT on cloud platforms.
Implementation of such interoperable solutions requires
standardization references. The resulted implication form
these challenges are new business oriented environment
expressed in credible international exploitation plans. The
main streams of services that are applying our research
achievement from this project incubating health care service
systems, and Risk analysis and predication systems. As
these are involving user’s profiles and social information,
there is a need to provide secure clouds that provide security
policies context sensitive in covering knowledge and risk
predictions utilizing knowledge acquisition from big data,
estimating user needs, projected on preferences, articulated
on their situation and produce health advises risk analysis.
The risk in the system is computed as two type of risk
estimations:
(a)-Individual related risks: sensitive to profiles and related
communities in relation to that individual and ambient to the
related situation.
(b)-Community risk related to event crisis, natural disasters,
like earthquake, and else.
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IV. CORNERS STONES TO ACHIEVE:
HEALTH_RISKS-FORECAST@PEOPLE-IN-CLOUDS
The results are based on cross-border business, societal
applications of robust interoperable technologies that can
combine IoP on IoT on cloud platforms. Implementation of
such interoperable solutions requires standardization
references. The resulted implication form these challenges
are new business oriented environment expressed in credible
international exploitation plans. The main streams of
services that are applying this research achievement from
this project incubating health care service systems, and Risk
analysis and predication systems. As these are involving
user’s profiles and social information, there is a need to
provide secure clouds that provide security policies context
sensitive in covering knowledge and risk predictions
utilizing knowledge acquisition from big data, estimating
user needs, projected on preferences, articulated on their
situation and produce health advises risk analysis. The risk
in the system is computed as two type of risk estimation:
-Individual related risks: sensitive to profiles and related
communities in relation to that individual and ambient to the
related situation.
-Community risk related to event crisis, natural disasters,
like earthquake, and else.
The main corners stone for Health_Risks-Forecast system
are:
(1) Recommender system for decision making: generally
aggregate real or predicted ratings for group members. The
aggregation functions typically used are inspired by the
social needs developed by experts. The group recommended
aggregate ratings for each candidate item, (alternative), for
example it may take the average group members’ rating, and
accordingly recommend the highest aggregated ratings.
These approaches should compute as well social factors that
influence group decision-making. Social media has
influence on decisions, relations and educations. These
communities or social factors contribute to evaluate the
social context related to the physical and mental setting in
people live. It also has relation to culture that the
individual’s education and institutions with whom they
interact.
(2) Additionally, more advanced risk and decision analysis
methods using formal problem modeling suitable for use in
resilience planning or emergency preparedness are typically
implemented in the desktop paradigm of graphical
computing. This typically restricts interaction with the
computer support to office time and direct interaction from
the field is not enabled or very cumbersome, also providing
few possibilities to elicit the level of undesirability of
different risks from the perspective’s of citizens and
businesses and by doing so evaluate societal decisions
H. Fujita • Big data based Clouds Healthcare Web Service Forecasting: Research Challenge
dealing with risk issues while incorporating societal values
and preferences in a structured way. Consequently, the
decision methods remain underutilized and often do not
incorporate risk analyses with on-time data and preference
information in an integrated manner. Decision makers must
therefore be better equipped with supporting mechanisms
and more elaborated decision support systems and ICT tools
enabled for field usage and not presupposing the use of a
traditional desktop computer. A systems-based approach
embracing this has not been devised yet and the current
state-of-the-art does not provide a ready solution, especially
when considering integration with IoT. Thus, the gains of
this initiative could be very large as we would make a major
step in risk informed decision analysis for use in evaluation
of critical societal features. Further, the initiative aims to
provide an applicable and computationally meaningful
decision theory utilizing all meaningful components
involved in a unified setting, involving multiple-criteria,
point-of-views, uncertain consequences, uncertain
appraisals of consequences involved, on-time IoT data and
visual formats for presentation of risk information,
acknowledging the multi-facetted composition of risk in a
systems analysis framework. This would have a large
impact of the applicability of decision theory in general and
on modernizing the field of decision, policy, and risk
analysis in general.
(3) Further, community detection and analysis would
provide a cloud of internet of People (IoP), this would
differentiate the feature and connection of different
communities as graph and the connection between person
and communities approached by defining the betweenness
relationships. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) can serve
guidelines for ontology building. Fuzzy FCA, and rough set
combination can provide a good framework for semantic
web development, and for definition of hybrid similarity
measures for ontology mapping, alignment and integration.
This part of our project research milestones is proving IoT
semantics for Web services (OWL-S), represented as graphs.
(4) The objective is to apply IoT to provide a pervasive
service for two directions (health care and risks and
disasters) analysis that are overlapping in its resources,
(hospital, practitioners, health management, early warning
systems etc.,). Also to develop generalization-based
strategies to protect clouds privacy from composition attack.
(5) The Corner stone provided by research on Ensemble
learning and classifiers based on machine learning for
patterns related to health, like heart disease, or driving
problems due to subjective mental situation, or risk analysis
in earthquake situation in specific area based on spatial
analysis, and social networking analysis. Knowledge is
extracted from big data by categorization based on parallel
ensemble learning modular classification.
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(6) The cornerstone on new research directions in user
interfaces to allow semantic queries aiding the user to ask
and retrieve data through ontology concepts, (not just using
keywords) such that to retrieve the best profiles fits with the
user situation. For such purpose we need to define a set of
domain ontologies to annotate semantically a repository of
web semantics (WS), like the development of VDS (Virtual
Doctor System) [33] in which new innovative technology
was introduced to establish multimodal interaction between
human outpatients and medical doctor avatar.
(10) The research framework should define partial relation
in situational scenarios, there is a need to have spatial
patterns mining using interestingness measure to find the
relationship and extract knowledge based on such
interestingness’ relationship as graphs that are used to
extract knowledge from blogging based on different
keywords from social media. This is necessary to build a
fusion knowledge based systems to provide question
answering robot (dialogue) [34] with human users .
V. CONCLUSIONS: CLOUD COMPUTING FOR HEALTH AND
RISK SERVICES
The emerging needs to have high standards services
providing robust medical care with low cost and good
quality taking benefit of cloud computation provide
motivation background for such innovations. The frequent
occurring risk that the elderly are facing is another need that
we require to provide for optimizing health care by
forecasting those cases with high risk predictions and
providing warning mechanism to those that may occur.
Service clouds: IoH (based on knowledge acquisition from
big data in Tohoku Region :(North-East of Japan-especially
in Iwate region.), which has highly populated area of elderly,
and also had faced the devastated earthquake on March 11,
2011. National impact is to build new technology by
providing cloud service from big data in dynamic manners
based on the technology we built through this project for
better use of health data in defining the decision criteria, and
alternatives to provide a health service for elderly for
improving support for policy making and regulation, also to
have active ageing, independent and assisted living support
system to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of
healthcare systems. On international level, such shared
technology among EU partners would provide tools for
wider practices and case studies on other profiling data for
potential diagnosis prediction and improvement. The VDS
system that mimics medical practitioners through an avatar
resembling medical doctor in a hospital is to be extended in
the stated framework [33]. The system collected physical
symptoms data and mental data and do decision making for
medical diagnosis. The system prediction results were
encouraging to have it be expanded for mental health
 10th Jubilee IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics • May 21-23, 2015 • Timişoara, Romania
analysis. We think such results disseminate approaches in
this project for other VDS-Plus new innovation and
technologies in another context in Europe.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to thank the following colleagues who
partciapted in the discussion for Horzon 2020 EU-JAPAN
proposal: Prof. Imre Rudas (Obuda University), Prof.
Roberto Revetria (Genoa University) Prof. Volker Gruhn
(Universität Duisburg-Essen), Prof. Love Ekenberg
(Stockholm University), Prof. Enrique Herrera Viedma
(Granada University), Prof. Francisco Chiclana (De
Montfort University) and also to my laboratory research
group at Iwate Prefectural University.
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