 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

١
‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
IV
0... +15V A

VI VR RV V

0V

 E١F

IV
0... +15V A

VI V VR RV

0V

 E٢F


-١-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

5 V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 J
‫א‬ J
 330Ω  J
33KΩ  J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K٢
33 KΩ  9 V K 330 Ω 

 KE٢F‫א‬E١F
E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F














-٢-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١J ٢
 330 Ω  5V  9V
VR  
IV 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢J ٢
 33 KΩ  5V  9V
VR  
IV 




 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣J ٣
 330 Ω  5V  9V
VR  
IV 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW٤J ٣
 33 KΩ  5V  9V
VR  
IV 


-٣-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W






 
 




-٤-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

٢

W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
0 - 15V
A

R V

0V

 E١F


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 J
‫א‬ J
 1 KΩ  J
220 Ω  J




-٥-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K 1 KΩ ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬  1 V ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬ 10 V  1 V  K٣
K١‫א‬
K٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K 220 Ω ‫א‬٤١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 K٥
 W‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ I ‫א‬J ٢
 R = 1 KΩ W١J ٣
V ( v) I(mA)

 1

 2 
 3 
 4

 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 


-٦-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 R = 220 Ω W٢J ٥
V ( v) I(mA)

 1

 2 
 3 
 4

 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
V ( v) I(mA) P( W )

 1
 
 2  
 3  
 4
 
 5  
 6  
 7  
 8  
 9  
 10  


-٧-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W






 
 

-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

R1

330Ω
E R2 R3
7V 220KΩ 2.2KΩ
R4

 220Ω

 E١F




 W‫א‬‫א‬
 J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
220 Ω  J
 330Ω  J
1 KΩ  J
 2.2KΩ  J

-٩-
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ R 2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R 3 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬٢‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬ R 4 ‫א‬‫א‬ R 1  K٤
K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ R 3 ، R 4 ‫ א‬K٥
‫א؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬٤‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ R 1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬٢‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 J ٢
R  R1  R2  R3  R4
V    
 RT =
VR 2 =
 J ٣
IR2 =

 J ٤
R  R1  R2  R3  R4
V    
 RT =

- ١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 J ٥
R  R1  R2  R3  R4
V    
 RT =

W






 


- ١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
IR R2

2KΩ

4.7KΩ R1
f = 0,1...5KHz


 E ١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
 2KΩ  J
4.7KΩ  J

- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬12 V ١‫א‬ K١
‫א‬ R1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K R1 ‫א‬
 . R 2 ‫א‬٢‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬



Ky1 =….. Kx =…..

- ١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 


Ky2 =….. Kx =…..

W






 


- ١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

IC IR

C VPP = 2V R
f = 0,1...5KHz


 E ١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 2 KΩ  J
0.1µ f  J

- ١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
، 0.1µ f ‫א‬ 2kΩ ‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2VPP  ‫א‬
 K١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Z ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Veff ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠٢
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬


Ky1 =….. Kx =…..

- ١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 


Ky2 =….. Kx =…..

F (KHz ) 0 .1 0 .5 1 2 3 4 5
Z(Ω)
Veff ( v )

W





 


- ١٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

٦
‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

CH1

12V AC
60 Hz CH2

Vin 220 Ω Vout

0V
 E١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٠١
‫א‬K12‫א‬‫א‬ ٠٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٠٣


- ١٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬


Ky1 =….. Kx =…..


Ky2 =….. Kx =…..

 Z‫א‬‫א‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

W






 


- ٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

٧
‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

12V AC
60 Hz
CH2

Vin Vout 1K Ω
CH1

0V

 E١F



 W‫א‬‫א‬
K١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K Vout ‫א‬ Vin ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
K٢‫א‬٤W١‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

- ٢١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬


Ky1 =….. Kx =…..


Ky2 =….. Kx =…..




- ٢٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

W






 


- ٢٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫ א‬J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
+ 15V

680K Ω 47K Ω
47µF

10 µF
C
B
BC107
+
E
Vout
G
1K Hz Vin
100K Ω 10K Ω 100 µF

-
 0V

 E١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Vin ‫א‬ 1KHz‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K20mVPP‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V‫א‬‫ א‬K٨

- ٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬


Ky1 =….. Kx =…..


Ky2 =….. Kx =…..


- ٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

W






 


- ٢٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

٩
‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J


 W‫א‬‫א‬
+ 15V

1K Ω RC 3.3K Ω

VC

B1 C
B
BC140

 0V

 E١F

+ 15V

RC 3.3K Ω

VC

1K Ω C
B
G BC140

 0V

 E٢F

- ٢٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬VC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
K‫א‬KB1
K‫א‬B1،‫א‬‫ א‬K١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
KVPP٢‫א‬‫א‬1KHz
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،VC‫א‬

W






 


- ٢٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

١٠ 
‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

W‫א‬‫א‬

+ 15V
R2

1K Ω

I2
10K Ω +

Vi R1 Vo

1K Ω
0V

 - 15V

 E١F


- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ± 15V  J
741‫א‬ J
330Ω2 J
1KΩ J
22KΩ J
2.2KΩ J
10KΩ J

W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬ VO ‫א‬K١‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K ( VO ) ‫א‬‫א‬
Vi
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬
 R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ
 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          

 R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ
 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          


- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 


  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ
 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          

W






 





- ٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

١١
‫א‬‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬
+ 15V

330 Ω
R2

R1
_
1K Ω

Vi +
Vo

330 Ω
0V

 - 15V

 E١F

- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ± 15V  J
741‫א‬ J
330Ω2 J
1KΩ J
22KΩ J
2.2KΩ J
10KΩ J

W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬ VO ‫א‬K١‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K ( VO ) ‫א‬‫א‬
Vi
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬ K٣

 ‫א‬

 R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ
 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          

 R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ

 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          

- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 


  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ
 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          

W






 


- ٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

١٢
‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬
+ 15V

330 Ω 1K Ω
Rf

R1
R3 _
1K Ω
R2
R4
10K Ω +
V1 Vo
V2
470 Ω 1K Ω 0V

 - 15V

 E١F

- ٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ± 15V  J
741‫א‬ J
330Ω2 J
1KΩ J
22KΩ J
2.2KΩ J
10KΩ J

W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬ VO ‫א‬K١‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K ( VO ) ‫א‬‫א‬
Vi
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬ K٣













- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ

 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          

 R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ
 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          

  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ  R 1 = 2.2kΩ
 V1  0  2  2  1  1  −1  −1 −2 −4 −4
 V2  2  0  2  2  1  −1 −2 −2  2  4
 V3          












- ٣٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

W






 




















- ٣٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬555
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K555 ‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬555‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
+5V +5V
1 µF

R1
3.3 k Ω 8 4

7
3 t1
Output fo
+5V
R2 6
555 R1 T
15 k Ω
1 kΩ
2

C
0.01 µF
1


 E١F



 W‫א‬‫א‬
K١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬E٣‫א‬F555‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣




- ٣٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬


 ‫א‬J ٢


Ky1 =….. Kx =…..


 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬J ٣









- ٤٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

W






 





- ٤١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٤٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٤٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٤٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٤٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬555 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٣٢١‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠
 
 ٪ ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KKKKKKKK‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 E٤٠F‫א‬ •


- ٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١١ 
‫א‬‫א‬ 

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? K١
 ،

?‫א‬? K٢
 ‫א‬

?‫א‬? K٣
 

4. "Electric Circuits Fundamentals''

Thomas Floyd

5. "Electronic Devices ''

Thomas Floyd

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 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

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