Code Switching

�Code switching is defines as

the use of more than one language,
variety, or style by speaker within an
utterance or discourse, or between
different interlocutors or situations
(Romaine, 1992:110)�

Code-Mixing is the use of two or more linguistics varieties in the same

conversiation or interaction (Scotton and Ury,1977)

Kinds of Code-Mixing
According to Sujana and Sri Hartati (2009:11) Code-Mixing divided in two kinds:
a. Inner Code-Mixing is that stemming from original language with all
variation.
A mixing between an original language or first language to a dialect or variation.
b. Outer Code-Mixing is that stemming from foreign language.
mixes a foreign language with native language.

Types of code mixing, according to

Muysken (2000:1) divided into three
main types:

Muysken (2000:1) explained more that Code-Mixing is typically divided into three
main types: insertion (word or phrase), alternation (clause), and congruet
lexicallization (dialect)
1. Insertional Code-Mixing is the constraint in the terms of structural
properties of some base or matrix structure. The process of Code-Mixing is
conseived as something skin to borrowing ant the insertion of an lexical or phrase
category into a given structure. The difference is simply the size and type of
elemented: inserted-noun, adjective, and verb.
For example,
nanti siang jadi meeting di mana?
So, basically. The process of code mixing is conceived as something borrowing.

2. Alternation Code-Mixing is the constraint of mixing in terms of

compatibilty or equivalence of the language involved at the mix point and clause.

there is a constraints or restriction interms of the compatibility or equivalence

of the languages involved at the switch point.
The difference would
simply be the size and type of element
alternated, e.g. clauses and sentences,
followed by the grammatical units, such as
subjects, verbs, or objects.

Andale pues and do come again.

"That all right then, and do come again.?

3. Congruent lexicalization Code-Mixing - Congruent lexicalization (dialect)

The notion of congruent
lexicalization underlies the study of
style shifting and dialect/standard
variation rather than bilingual language
use proper.
For example, �hey, how are
you? I?m Sam. Senang bertemu anda.
Nice to meet you
it refers to the
situation where two languages share
grammatical structures which can be filled
lexically with elements from either
language.

Basically the grammatical structure is shared by

languages A and B,

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