Parliament in Malaysia.

Malaysia is currently a Constitutional Monarchy under the role of a Constitutional King and
normally headed by Yang Di-Petuan Agong (YDPA), customarily referred to as the king. The
king (The Yang di-Pertuan Agong) is elected by rotation from the rulers of the nine Malay
states. The appointment is systematic because each of nine Sultan among thirteen states
has the opportunity to be Yang di-Pertuan Agong based on his turn in the cycle. In Malaysia
government the constitution of Malaysia is the supreme and overriding law of the nation.
Under the constitution, Malaysia is a federation and practice a concept of Parliamentary
Democracy which forms the basis of the government administration in Malaysia. The
Constitution of Malaysia provides for the establishment and the organization of three main
branches of government which is bicameral legislative branch, the executive branch and the
judicial branch. This division is one of conditions for this democracy system to exist.

Malaysia is also a country that practices a system of Democracy based on the Federation
system. The States of the Federation shall be Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri
Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu.
Each of states agreed to surrender their part of power such as financial, education, defence
and others.

As a country with Constitutional Monarchy, in the executive roles of Yang di-Pertuan Agung
is the Head of Religion of Islam in the Federal Territories Kuala Lumpur and Labuan based
on under clause (5) article 3. However, the constitution of States Malacca, Penang, Sabah
and Sarawak shall each providing honour with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong the position of
Head of the religion of Islam in the State. Indeed, based on clause (1) Article 40 The Yang
di-Pertuan Agong act on advice of the Cabinet or of a Minister acting under the general
authority of the Cabinet and on clause (1) article 43 state that Yang di-Pertuan Agung shall
be the Supreme Commander of the armed forces of the federation. His Royal highness
carries out his duties under the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers.

As the superlative body in Malaysia, Parliament responsible for making law which is passing,
amending, and repealing acts of law. Based on article 44, The Legislative authority of the
Federal shall be vested in a Parliament which consist The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, two
house of Parliament which house of senate and House of Representatives, and lastly consist
of Bicameral System of Parliament.

The house of representative consists of 222 members of Parliament (MPs). They fill the
position through the elections based on population in a general election. A general election is
held every five years or earlier or when Parliament is dissolved by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
on the advice of Prime Minister. House of representative known as lawmakers. The
requirement to be a part of House Representative is must age is not less than 21
years old and must be a citizenship of Malaysia. Addition, a member is not a
bankrupt and has sane mind since they have to fight for the right of the people.

Other than that, the house of Senate called as Senator. It is involving 70 members of
senators. Appointed by Yang di-Pertuan Agong, 44 senators ,2 representatives of
Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 1 of Putrajaya and 1 of Labuan. The rest
appointed by state Legislative Assembly, 26 senators represented by 2 senators for
13 states in Malaysia Senators my be citizenship of Malaysia and aged not less than
30 years old. It must appoint a three-year term for one term and may be appointed a
term later.

The function of Parliament is approving the law, make amendments to existing laws,
approve new taxes, review on government policies and lastly approve the government
budget. Members of parliament are allowed to speak on any subject without fear of
condemnation outside Parliament. The only body that can condemn Members of Parliaments
is the House Committee of Privileges. The power of parliamentary active after the member
of parliament is sworn in, it is only applying when the member has the floor and it does not
apply to statements made outside of the house. Members of parliament cannot questionable
about social contract such as the articles governing citizenship, Bumiputera priorities, the
Malay language, and others. All this questioning is illegal under the 1971 amendments to the
Sedition Act, which Parliament passed in the wake of the 1969 May 13 racial riots. Indeed,
the members of parliament also forbidden from criticising the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and
judges.

Before Malaysia had independence, there is no state forming the Federation of Malaysia that
has parliament. Although, the British colonial government allowed forming legislative
councils for Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. These were not the supreme makers
of law and still subordinate to the British High Commissioner. The Reid commission, which
drafted the Constitution of Malaya after gained Independence on 1957 ahead from other
states. Parliament had no specific place to convene until the completion of Parliament House
in 1962. Most senators in Constitution of Malaya on 1957 being appointed by the king on the
advice of the Cabinet. After Singapore seceded from Malaysia in 1965, Legislative Assembly
became Parliament.
Generally, Malaysia judiciary is a system in Malaysia united and federal and state laws are
accepted in all courts. It is to defend justice for everyone. In Malaysia, there is religious
courts decide questions of Islamic law and cuts. Malaysia practicing two types of l judicial
systems which is the civil courts that deals with civil or common law. While another type is
The Syariah law which this court deals with religious law of the Muslim and its jurisdiction is
solely over Muslims. However, before 1998 judiciary is an independent branch of the
government. After Constitutional Crisis, the judiciary was made subject to parliament and
judicial power became parliament instead held by the judiciary as before.