LESSON 1

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A. Covering and Wall

 Pericardium – a double sac of
serous membrane that encloses the
heart: visceral pericardium and the
parietal pericardium
 3 Layers of Heart wall
a. Outer pericardium
b. Myocardium
c. Endocardium

B. 4 Hollow Chambers or Cavities

a. Superior atria/left and right atrium –

“receiving chambers”
b. Inferior ventricles/left and right ventricle-
“discharging chambers” actual pumps of the
heart
C. Great Vessels:
a. Superior and inferior venae cavae -
it delivers oxygen – poor blood into
the right atrium
b. Pulmonary artery trunk – it delivers
oxygen-poor blood pumped by the
right ventricle into the lungs
c. Four pulmonary veins (left and
right) – it delivers blood oxygenated
by the lungs into the left atrium
d. Aorta – it delivers oxygenated blood
pumped by the left side (left
ventricle of the heart.
D. Four valves of the Heart
A. Atrioventricular or AV valves – located
between the atria and ventricles on each
side; it prevents backflow into the atria
when the ventricles contract; 2 types of AV
valves include:
 Left AV Valve or bicuspid or mitral
valve