Business Crime

By 4th group
Orysta Setyoko 110810251025
Ika Nina B 110810251026
Mirza Ananta 1108102510
Abdul Rohim 1108102110
Retno Pusalia 1108102510
 Definition
Understanding of business crime itself, it can be
drawn from the meaning of the word "crime"
and "business". So the Business Crime is an act
that is prohibited by legislation in the broad
sense (the law), which is illegal and punishable
by criminal penalties committed by both
individuals and companies in trading activity
(business) that include:
employment, profession, income, livelihood and
profit, etc.
 Kind of Business Crime
White Collar Crime
Occupational Crime
Cyber Crime
 White-Collar Crime
The U.S. Congress defined white-collar
crime as an illegal act or series of illegal acts
committed by non-physical means and by
concealment or guile, to obtain money or
property, or to obtain business or personal
advantage.
The term white-collar crime was coined in the
1930’s by Edwin Sutherland who defined it as
crime committed by a person of respectability
and high social status in the course of his
occupation.
How workers/employees of a company
can be victims of white collar crime
Some ways that employees of a company can
become victims of white-collar crime can be that
workers are being exposed to the harms and risks of
being involved in a crime. Another harm making
employees victims of white-collar crime can be when
employers are aware of a physical harm that can
affect their employees. An example of this danger
can be depicted with miners in Newfoundland who
were exposed to Radon gas, which the company (and
the Canadian government) were aware was a danger
to people’s health, yet there was nothing done to
protect the employees.
 Occupational Crime
Occupational crime is a crime that is committed
through opportunity created in the course of
legal occupation.
Three Types of Occupational Crime, are :
1. Organizational
2. State-based Authority
3. Professionals
 Organizational Crime
Definition: crimes for the benefit of an employing
organization

Examples:
 Price Fixing : tacit price fixing occurs when a limited
number of controlling companies in a particular market
follow the lead of their competitors in price increases.
Overt price fixing involves secret meetings and subtle
communications between competitors in given
industries.
False advertising : when companies use false
advertisements to entice consumers to buy products or
services that offer few, if any, of the publicized benefits.
 State-based Authority Crime

Definition: crimes committed by govt. officials or

employees through the exercise of their
power given to them by their job

Examples:
Senator taking Bribes
 Professional Crime
Definition: crimes committed by professionals
which violate the trust placed in them by their
patients/clients/individuals

Examples:
 Sexual assault by dentists while patient is asleep
 Lawyers billing clients for hours they did not work
 Doctors/Vets making a false diagnosis
 Definition of Cybercrime
• We can define a (genuine) cybercrime as a crime
in which:
▫ the criminal act can be carried out only through the
use of cyber-technology and can take place only in the
cyber realm. (Tavani, 2000)
• Like Forester and Morrison's definition, this one
rules out the three scenarios involving the
computer lab as genuine cybercrimes.
Three Categories of Cybercrime
1. Cyberpiracy - using cyber-technology in unauthorized ways to:
a. reproduce copies of proprietary software and proprietary information, or
b. distribute proprietary information (in digital form) across a computer
network.

2. Cybertrespass - using cyber-technology to gain or to exceed unauthorized access to:

a. an individual's or an organization's computer system, or
b. a password-protected Web site.

3. Cybervandalism - using cyber-technology to unleash one or more programs that:

a. disrupt the transmission of electronic information across one or more
computer networks, including the Internet, or
b. destroy data resident in a computer or damage a computer system's
resources, or both.
Examples of the Three Categories of
Cybercrime
Consider three actual cases:
• 1. Distributing proprietary MP3 files on the
Internet via peer-to peer (P2P) technology;
• 2. unleashing the ILOVEYOU computer virus;
• 3. Launching the denial-of-service attacks on
commercial Web sites.
Categorizing specific Cybercrimes
• Crimes involving the distribution of proprietary
MP3 files would come under the category of
cyberpiracy (category i).
• The crime involving the ILOVEYOU or "love
bug" virus clearly falls under cybervandalism
(category iii).
• The denial-of-service attacks on Web sites falls
under the heading of cybertrespass (category
ii), as well asunder category (iii); it spans more
than one cybercrime category.
Literature
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-
collar_crime#Occupational_crime
• http://news.detik.com/read/2012/04/20/14441
9/1897434/10/hakim-nazar-lakukan-kejahatan-
kerah-putih-gunakan-akal-bulus-untuk-uang
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/indonesia/dunia/2012/0
2/120225_berlusconi.shtml
• http://www.julianhermida.com/contcorporate.h
tm