David Keffer, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee

Bridgman Tables
Examples of how to use the Bridgman Tables

1. For example, we want to calculate the change in entropy for an isothermal expansion. Then
 ∂S 
we want   .
 ∂V  T

Assume we have a pressure explicit equation of state. Since temperature is constant, we go to the
Temperature Section (Section II.) of the volume explicit equation of state Tables. There, we find:

1. (∂V )T = −(∂T )V = −1

 ∂p 
3. (∂S)T = −(∂T )S = − 
 ∂T  V

So our derivative is

 ∂p 
− 
 ∂S  (∂S)T ∂T  ∂p 
  = =  V =  
 ∂V T (∂V )T −1  ∂T  V

So, for example, if our particular pressure-explicit equation of state is the van der Waal’s
equation of state, then we have:

RT a
P= − 2
V −b V

  RT a 
 ∂ − 2 
 ∂p  V −b V 
  =  
R
=
 ∂T  V ∂T  V −b
 
 V

so the entropy change due to an isothermal expansion of a van der Waal’s gas is

 ∂S  R
  =
 ∂V  T V − b

1
 David Keffer, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee

 ∂S 
2. We again want to calculate the change in entropy for an isothermal expansion,   .
 ∂V  T
Assume we have a volume explicit equation of state. Since temperature is constant, we go to the
Temperature Section (Section II.) of the volume explicit equation of state Tables. There, we find:

 ∂V 
1. (∂V )T = −(∂T)V = − 
 ∂p T

 ∂V 
3. (∂S)T = −(∂T)S =  
 ∂T p

So our derivative is

 ∂V 
 
 ∂S  (∂S)T  ∂T p
  = =
 ∂V  T (∂V )T  ∂V 
−  
 ∂p  T

So, for example, if our particular volume-explicit equation of state is the volume-explicit
virial equation of state , truncated after three terms:

T B C
V= R + + 2 
P P P 

 ∂V  1 B C
  = R + + 2 
 ∂T p P  P P 

 ∂V  R B C
  = −T 2 + 2 3 + 3 4 
 ∂p  T P P P 

1 B C
R + + 2 
 ∂S  P P P 
  =
 ∂V  T T  R + 2 B + 3 C 
 2 
P P3 P4 