]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK 

PC^L > - FLBMACZ _ ^OF]ACZ ^O^RMFC^ OKB]^RZOCAM^ NLK JC^M MK 

RMLZÆC BM NLAC^

GZ]PL :3:0:9\=: 

PZM^MKRCBL PLZ8
HM^]^ CAMHCKBZL PCZMHC G]MZZMZL

R]RLZ 
HL^M MKZOS]M NLRM^

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB

PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL
:0:0 „ O 

3
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

Nlktmkobl
OKRZLB]NNOLK.......................................................................................................>
^LA]NOÞK BM AC CNROYOBCB.......
CNROYOBCB................
..................
.................
.................
..................
......................................2
.............................2
Puktl 38 Nlknmptls Bm ^ofuacnoþk.................
^ofuacnoþk..........................
..................
.................
....................................2
............................2
Puktl :8 Køfmrls Camctlrols.........
Camctlrols..................
..................
..................
..................
.................
..................................
............................7
..7
Puktl >8 Ncsl.........................................................................................................?
 C. Flbmal bm sofuacnoþk bm >0 bæcs bm lpmrcnoþk oknauymkbl grcionl bm
mstcjoaobcb...........................................................................................................?
J. Nãanual bma køfmrl bm nlrrobcs kmnmscrocs pcrc mstcjoaozcr ac vcrocjam bm
oktmrïs...............................................................................................................30
N. Cbmnucr ma køfmrl bm nlrrobcs smgøk ma ncsl bma flbmal bma puktl c......30
B. Gmkmrcr 3= nlrrobcs bma flbmal y ncanuacr ma oktmrvcal bm nlkiockzc..........33
M. Mstcjamnmr nlknausolkms
nlknausolkms y rmnlfm rmnlfmkbcnolkbcnolkms kms bma ncsl, plr ncbc oktmgrckt oktmgrcktm m
bma grupl...........................................................................................................33
ZMIMZMKNOC^ JOJAOLGZCIONC^.....
JOJAOLGZCIONC^..............
.................
.................
..................
..................
................................3:
.......................3:

:
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

OKRZLB]NNOLK

Ac ]kovmrsobcb Kcnolkca Cjomrtc y c Bostcknoc ]KCB, dc vmkobl bmscrrlaackbl als

fmnckosfls pcrc icnoaotcr ma cprmkbozchm mk mstc flbcaobcb. Mk su Msnumac bm
Nomknocs Jãsoncs Rmnklalgæc m Okgmkomræc, mspmnæioncfmktm mk ac Icnuatcb bm
Ok
Okgmk
gmkom
omræ
ræc
c Ok
Okbus
bustr
troc
oca,a, sm mkn
mknumk
umktr
trc
c li
limrt
mrtcbc
cbc ma nursl
nursl Fl
Flbma
bmals
ls y ^o
^ofu
fuac
acno
noþk,
þk,
mkilncbc nlfl tca, c kumstrc ncrrmrc.

^m cjlrbcrãk tmfcs bm ac ukobcb >8 ^ofuacnoþk y ckãaosos mstcbæstonl, nlk jcsm mk

tmlræc bm nlacs -Ropls bm sofuacnoþk y ncrcntmræstoncs, ^ostmfcs bm nlacs nlk uk
slal
slal nc
nckc
kca8a8 ckã
ckãaoaoso
soss ms
mstc
tcbæ
bæst
ston
onl5
l5 Fl
Flbm
bmal
alss bm nl
nlac
acss y ^o
^ofu
fuac
acno
noþk
þk88 ck
ckãa
ãaos
osos
os bm
smksojoaobcb.

>
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

^LA]NOÞK BM AC CNROYOBCB

Puktl 38 Nlknmptls Bm ^ofuacnoþk

Prmguktc Zmspumstc
¼Plr quï c vmnms sm am aacfc c ac ^m am aacfc csæ plrqum, mk fundcs lncsolkms acs
sofuacnoþk ukc tïnkonc bm øatofl tïnkoncs fctmfãtoncs icaack y sm bmjm rmnurror c ac
rmnursl< sofuacnoþk.
¼Suï pcpmams nufpamk acs ]kc
]k c pr
prum
umjcjc bm dodopþt
pþtmsmsos
os mxcf
mxcfok okc
c blblss dopþdopþtm
tmso
soss
prumjcs bm dopþtmsos mstcbæstonc lpumstcs sljrm ukc pljacnoþk8 ac dopþtmsos kuac y ac
mk ac sofuacnoþk< dopþtmsos catmrkctovc, y mstc kls pmrfotm mvcaucr als
rmsuatcbls bm ac sofuacnoþk y csæ fosfl mstcjamnmr ac
burcnoþk bm ac mhmnunoþk. Mstl kls pmrfotm ljtmkmr uk
flbmal mstlnãstonl y kl uk flbmal bmtmrfokostc.
¼Suï bmtmrfokc ac vcaobmz bm uk Ms aamvcr al pacsfcbl mk pcpma c uk nlfputcblr y csæ
flbmal bm sofuacnoþk< sm vmroioncr qum ac sofuacnoþk mstã jomk.
¼^m bmjm uscr ukc nlfputcblrc ^o sm bm bmjmjm uscr
uscr ukc
ukc nlfp
nlfpututcb
cblrlrc
c pcrc
pcrc ljtmljtmkm
kmr 
r 
pcrc ljtmkmr okilrfcnoþk okilrfcnoþk cbmnucbc bm ukc sofuacnoþk, bcbl qum
cbmnu
cbmnucb
cbc
c bm ukcukc sofu
sofuac
acno
noþk
þk<
< sm fofoko
kofo
fozc
zc ma tomf
tomfplpl bm mhmn
mhmnun
unoþ
oþk,
k, cucukqkqum
um mk
Mxpaoqum. lncsol
lnc solkms
kms sm rmquomr
rmquomrc c bm slislitwc
twcrmrm msp
mspmno
mnocao
caozcb
zcbls
ls
pcrc tca iok.
¼Suï fïtlb
¼Suï ïtlbls
ls sm ususck
ck pcpcrc
rc  Fïtlbls ckcaætonls
oknr
oknrmf
mfmk
mkttcr ma tomfp
omfpll mk uk  Fïtlbls nlktokuls
flbmal
flbm al bm sof
sofuac
uacnoþ
noþk<
k< ¼Nþfl
¼Nþfl  Fïtlbls bosnrmtls
iuknolkck<  Rlbls lromktcbls c ljhmtls
¼Nuãams slk acs vm vmk
ktchcs y ]kc sofuacnoþk nlk ma sostmfc vcnæl ca proknopol, sm
bmsv
bm svmk
mktc
tchc
hcss bm mfmfpm
pmzc
zcrr uk
ukc
c fumstrc uk oknrmfmktl mk ac ncktobcb bm tomfpl mk ma
sofuacnoþk
sofuac noþk nlk ma sostmfc vcnæl< sostmfc, ms bm mspmrcr plrqum ma sostmfc mfpmzþ
¼_ nlk ma sostmfc mk mquoaojrol< vcnæl.
Ma sostmfc mk mquoaojrol fundcs vmnms, acs pomzcs
mktrck mk ma sostmfc y tomkmk qum dcnmr nlac mktrm
mtcpc
mtcpcss nlf
nlfl l tr
trcj
cjch
chl
l mk pr prln
lnmsl
msl,, al qum pr prlv
lvlnc
lnc
bmflrcs c acs pomzcs sujsmnumktms y sm sufc ca
tomfpl bm mspmrc. ^ok mfjcrgl, nlkilrfm pcsc ma
tomfpl, bmjm dcjmr ukc mstcjoaobcb, c fmkls qum ac
ncpcnobcb bm ac smgukbc mtcpc smc okimrolr c ac bm ac
profmrc.
Bostokgc mktrm acs bostr
Bostokgc bostrojunol
ojunolkms
kms Bostrojunolkms fctmfãtoncs nlklnobcs cs88 Ac
fctm
fc tmfã
fãtotonc
ncss nlkl
nlklno
nobc
bcss y acsacs sofu
sofuacacno
noþk
þk bm mvmk
mvmktltlss bosn
bosnrm
rmtl
tlss sm rm rmioiomr
mrm
m c ac
bostrojunolkms mfpæroncs. flbm
lbmacn
cnooþk nlflfpuputtcnolkca bm sostmf mfcs cs qu qumm
mvlaunolkck mk ma tomfpl fmb mboockt
ktmm nc ncffjols

2
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

okstcktãkmls mk acs vcrocjams bm mstcbl. Als ncfjols

lnurrmk mk puktls smpcrcbls bma tomfpl.
Bostrojuno
Bostr ojunolkms
lkms mfpær
mfpæroncs8
oncs8  DcDckk sobl
sobl ljtm
ljtmko kobc
bcss
bormntcfmktm
bormnt cfmktm c pcrto
pcrtorr bm vcalrms mxpmrof
mxpmrofmktcam
mktcams. s. ukc
il
ilrf
rfcc bm sofu
sofuac
acrr ukc
ukc bost
bostro
roju
juno
noþk
þk ms ut
utoaoaoz
ozcr
cr acacss
ncrcntmræstoncs prlpocs pcrc ljtmkmr vcalrms prlpols
(sofuacnoþk bormntc).
¼Suï ok
¼Suï okil
ilrf
rfcn
cnoþ
oþkk sm kmn
kmnmso
msotc
tc Pcrc nlksmguor mstofcnolkms øtoams ac fumstrc bmjm
pcrc
pc rc ukc
ukc sofu
sofuaacn
cnooþk nl
nlkk uk
ukcc smr rmprmsmktctovc bma nlfplrtcfomktl bm sostmfc y
bostrojunoþk fctmfãtonc bmjm smr al suionomktmfmktm grckbm. Ma tcfcól bm ac
nlklnobc< fumstrc ms ofplrtcktm yc qum ac prmnosoþk bm acs
mstofcnolkm
mstof cnolkmss bmpmkbm bm ac vcrockzc bm ac fmboc bm
ac fumstrc, y ac vcrockzc ncfjoc bm ilrfc
okvmrscfmktm prlplrnolkca ca tcfcól bm ac fumstrc
(so sm nuc
nucbropaonc ma tcfcól bm ac fumstrc ac
bmsvocnoþk mstãkbcr sm rmbunm c ac fotcb).
¼Plr
¼Plr quï
quï ms of
ofpl
plrt
rtck
cktm
tm mk ac Bmiokor acs rmstronnolkms. Rck ofplrtcktm nlfl bmiokor 
sofu
sofuac
acno
noþ
þk ac bu burc
rcno
noþk
þk bm ac al
alss lj
ljhm
hmtotovl
vlss ms ob obmk
mktotoioionc
ncrr ac
acss rm
rmst
stro
ronn
nnol
olkm
kmss ququm
m
mhmnunoþk< cimntck ca prlymntl bm sofuacnoþk. ]kc rmstronnoþk
ofplrtcktm ms ma tomfpl5 kl tomkm smktobl prlymntcr 
ukc
uk c sofu
sofuac acno
noþk
þk pcrcpcrc rmrmsl slav
avmr
mr uk pr prlj
ljam
amfc
fc so ma
tomfpl bm mhmnunoþk sm mxtomkbm fãs caaã bma paczl
plsojam pcrc su rmslaunoþk.
¼]kc mhmnunoþk bm 300 ^o ms fãs vã vãaoaobc
bc,, bc
bcbl
bl qum vc c cr crrl
rlhc
hcrr fmhlr 
mhlr 
ljsmrvcnolkms
ljsmrvcn olkms ms bls vmnms fãs rmsuatcbl nlk rmspmntl c ac mhmnunoþk bcbc. Ca tmkmr 
vãaobc qum ukc bm =0< Mxpaoqum. 300
30 0 lj
ljsmr
smrvc vcno
nolk
lkmsms kls ok okbo
bonc
nc ququm
m al
alss rms
rmsuauatc
tcbls
bls
smrãk fãs prmnosls qum nlk ukc mhmnunoþk bm =0
ljsmrvcnolkms.
Bmsnr
Bms nroj
ojc
c yqu
camctlrols qum
m sl
nlflslk
ksm al
als
s køkøfm
utoaozckfmrlacs ]k
mkrls køfmrl
bmnor, camctlrol
qum tlbl køfmrl mstmkgc
cqumaacljtmkobl ca czcr, ms
fosfc prljcjoaobcb
sofuacnoþk. bm smr mamgobl y qum ac mamnnoþk bm ukl kl bmpmkbc
bm ac mamnnoþk bma ltrl.
^o usck mk ac sofuacnoþk bmjobl c qum kls cnmrnc c
uk mktlrkl rmca plsojam, bmjobl c qum ms ofplsojam
prmbmnor ma nlfplrtcfomktl bm als bctls.
Okvmstogum pcrc ac flbmacnoþk acs  Crgl]FA
pro
prokn
knop
opc
cams
ams dmr mrrc
rcf
fomkt
omktcscs bm  Bæc
slitwcrm utoaozcbcs.  Ircfm ]FA
 ^tcr]FA

Roky ]FA

=
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

 Mnaopsm
Bma tmxtl FLBMACBL _ Ilrfuacnoþk bma prljamfc8 Bmiokm ma prljam prljamfc
fc qum
^OF]AC
^OF ]ACNOÞNOÞK8
K8 CPA
CPAONCONCNOÞ
NOÞK K C sm pr prmt
mtmkmkbm
bm mst
mstuboc
ubocr.
r. Okn
knau
auym
ym pl plrr ms msnr
nrot
otl
l su
suss
PZLN
PZ LNM^ M^L^L^ AL
ALGÆGÆ^R
^RON
ONL^
L^ BM ljhmtovls.
ICJZON
ICJ ZONCNO
CNOÞKÞK _ ^MZ ^MZYON
YONOL^OL^,, Bosmól bma flbmal nlknmptuca8  Mspmnoioncnoþk bma
bmsnrojc nucams slk acs icsms bm flbm
lbmal c pcrt rtoor bm acs ncr crcn
cnttmr
mrææstoncs bm als
uk mstubol y prlymntl bm mamfmktls bma sostmfc qum sm quomrm mstubocr y sus
sofuacnoþk. Ma crndovl mk oktmrcnnolkms tmkomkbl mk numktc als ljhmtovls bma
Okvmst
Okv mstogc
ogcrr mk boi
boimrmk
mrmktms
tms ium
iumktmktmss prljamfc.
msttcja
ms jammnobcs mk ma sya yaaacjus Zmnlgobc bm bctls8 Obmktoioncr, rmnlgmr y ckcaozcr als
lroomk
lr mkttcb
cbl
l c ac uko kobc
bcbb >. Ac Acss bctls kmnmscrols pcrc ma mstubol.
mtcpcs bm ac sofuacnoþk y dcnmr  Nlkstrunnoþk bma flbmal8 Nlkstrunnoþk bma flbmal
ukc bmsnropnoþk bm ncbc ukc bm bm sofuacnoþk pcrtomkbl bma flbmal nlknmptuca y bm
mstcs. als bctls.
Ymroioncnoþk y vcaobcnoþk8  Nlfprljcr qum ma flbmal
sm nlfplrtc nlfl ms bm mspmrcr y qum mxostm ac
nlrrmsplkbmknoc cbmnucbc mktrm ma sostmfc rmca y ma
flbmal.
Ckãaosos8 Ckcaozcr als rmsuatcbls bm ac sofuacnoþk nlk
ac ioiokc
kcaoaobc
bcb
b bm bmtbmtmnt
mntcr
cr pr
prlj
ljamamfc
fcss y rm rmnlf
nlfmkmkbcr 
bcr 
fmhlrcs l slaunolkms.
Blnufmktcnoþk8 Prlplrnolkcr blnufmktcnoþk sljrm
ma trcjchl mimntucbl.
Ofpamfmktcnoþk8  Plkmr mk prãntonc acs bmnosolkms
mimntucbcs nlk ma cplyl bma mstubol bm sofuacnoþk.

9
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

Puktl :8 Køfmrls Camctlrols

:.3 Mstcjamnmr uk aostcbl bm 3000 køfmrls camctlrols mk ukc nlaufkc, mstcjamnmr 
ukc grãi
rãionc bm topl bo bosspmrs
rsooþk mk uk nucb
ucbrl bm bocalg lgl
l mx
mxppaoqu
qum
m sus
ncrcntmræstoncs.

Pcrc vmr ac nl
Pcrc nlkt
ktoku
okucn
cnoþ
oþk
k bm al
alss fo
foaa kø
køfm
fmrl
rlss gm
gmkm
kmrc
rcbls
bls camc
camctl
tlro
rocf
cfmk
mktm
tm,, vm
vmr 
r 
blnufmktl bm Mxnma.

7
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

:.: Mstcjamnmr trms nlaufkcs bm :00 køfmrls camctlrols cpaonckbl uk trctcfomktl

smgø
smgøkk iþ
iþrf
rfua
uac
c bm Mxnm
Mxnmaa pc
pcrc
rc nl
nlfp
fplrt
lrtcf
cfom
omkt
ktl
l KL
KLZF
ZFCACA,, MTPL
MTPLKM
KMKNKNOC
OCA
A _

]KOILZFM grcioncr ncbc

ncsls als soguomktms nlaufkc.
bctls8 Rmkomkbl
Fmboc6=05 mk numktc
Bmsvocnoþk pcrc 6=5
Mstãkbcr als nlrrmsplkbomktms
Pcrc ac ukoilrfm
bm uk rckgl bm 3 c =0.

4
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

Pcrc vmr ac nlktokucnoþk bm als blsnomktls køfmrls gmkmrcbls camctlrocfmktm, vmr 

blnufmktl bm Mxnma.
Puktl >8 Ncsl
 C. Flbmal bm sofuacnoþk bm >0 bæcs bm lpmrcnoþk oknauymkbl grcionl bm
mstcjoaobcb.

?
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

J. Nãanual bma køfmrl bm nlrrobcs kmnmscrocs pcrc mstcjoaozcr ac vcrocjam bm

oktmrïs.

30
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

N. Cbmnucr ma køfmrl bm nlrrobcs smgøk ma ncsl bma flbmal bma puktl c.

B. Gmkmrcr 3= nlrrobcs bma flbmal y ncanuacr ma oktmrvcal bm nlkiockzc.

33
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

M. Mstcjamnmr nlknausolkms y rmnlfmkbcnolkms bma ncsl, plr ncbc oktmgrcktm bma

grupl.

3:
 

]KOYMZ^OBCB KCNOLKCA CJOMZRC

CJOMZRC _ C BO^RCKNOC „ ]KCB
MNJRO - FLBMAL^ _ ^OF]ACNOÞK
PMZOLBL CNCBÏFONL :0:0 - O

ZMIMZMKNOC^ JOJAOLGZCIONC^

Gucsn
Gucsnd,
d, C.,C., Po
Pomr
mrc,
c, F. À.
À.,, & NcNcsc
sckl
klvcs
vcs,, H. (:0
(:00:
0:).
). Fl
Flbm
bmac
acbl
bl y sosofu
fuac
acno
noþk
þk88
cpaoaoncn
cp ncnoþ
oþk
k c prlprlnm
nmsl
slss al
algæ
gæst
ston
onls
ls bm ic
icjro
jronc
ncno
noþk
þk y smrvo
smrvono
nols
ls.. Fc
Fcbro
brob,
b, M^
M^88
]kovmrsotct Plaotänkonc bm Nctcaukyc. Bosplkojam mk ac Jojaoltmnc Yortuca bm ac
]KCB (pp.9-:3)|. Zmnupmrcbl bm8
dttps8//jojaoltmncvortuca.ukcb.mbu.nl8:=>4/aoj/ukcbsp/rmcbmr.cntolk<
ppg6>:&blnOB62>30029&tf63=220>720>7?7

Zlbræ
Zlbrægum
gumz,
z, Bomg
Bomgl.
l. (0
(02,
2,3:,
3:,:03
:034).
4). Fl
Flbm
bmal
alss y ^o
^ofu
fuac
acno
noþk.
þk. UC
UCrn
rndov
dovl
l bm vo
vobm
bmlV
lV..
Zmnupmrcbl bm dttp8//dba.dckbam.kmt/30=?9/::=:2

Zlbræ
Zlbrægum
gumz,
z, Bomg
Bomgl.
l. (0
(02,
2,3:,
3:,:03
:034).
4). Fl
Flbm
bmal
alss y ^o
^ofu
fuac
acno
noþk.
þk. UC
UCrn
rndov
dovl
l bm vo
vobm
bmlV
lV..
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