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Dstghëstm`g Lmvgrmghg
Dstghëstm`g Gpcm`ghg
Mjstmtuti MG@@
2= hd Hm`mdklrd hd <27=
Hdsgrricci
7. Pd iltuvi cg smnumdjtd mjairkg`mðj g`dr`g hdc jÿkdri hd g÷is hd dstuhmi y cg
dhgh, hd uj nrupi hd trglgoghirds hd ujg judvg dkprdsg dj dc jirtd hd @fmcd?
G÷is hd Dstuhmi
Dhgh 7< 70 78 74
8 < 7 <
<2 ‐
<2 ‐ <4
<4
<4 ‐
<4 ‐ 02
02 4 7 0 0
02 - 04 < 7 < 7
V jm0
<2 ‐ <4
<4 7
<4 ‐ 02
02 0
02 ‐ 04
04 <
Xitgc 1
Rrikdhmi ; ((<2 + <4|<) 7) + ((<4 + 02|<) 0) + ((02 + 04|<) <) 1 ; <6,00
∞ ∞
Dc prikdhmi hd dhgh hd cis qud dstuhmgj 78 g÷is ds hd <6 g÷is. ∞
`) ¹@uçc ds cg `gjtmhgh hd g÷is hd dstuhmis prikdhmi pgrg qumdjds tmdjdj g ci kçs 02 g÷is9
]
V 7< 70 78 74 Xitgc
<2 ‐
<2 ‐ <4 8 < 7 < =
<4 ‐
<4 ‐ 02 4 7 0 0 7<
‐
02 04 < 7 < 7 1
Xitgc 77 8 1 1 <>
] j mo + j <o
7< =
70 0
78 8
74 4
Xitgc <7
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
; (7< =) + (70 0) + (78 8) + (74 4) ; 70,<8
<7
Dc prikdhmi hd cis g÷is hd dstuhmi pgrg cis kdjirds hd 02 g÷is ds hd 70 g÷is
gprixmkghgkdjtd.
h) ¹Wuí nrupi hd trglgoghirds prdsdjtg cg dhgh kçs fikiníjdg? cis qud tmdjdj 7< g÷is hd
dstuhmis i 74 g÷is hd dstuhmi9
G÷is hd G÷is hd
h7) h<)
Dhgh Dstuhmi Dhgh Dstuhmi
7< 74
<2 ‐ <4 8 <2 ‐ <4 <
<4 ‐ 02 4 <4 ‐ 02 0
02 ‐ 04 < 02 ‐ 04 7
Xitgc 77 Xitgc 1
h7)
Kgr`g hd Dhgh 7< g÷is hd K`* g÷is hd K`< g÷is hd
@cgsd Dstuhmi Dstuhmi Dstuhmi
<<,4 <2 ‐ <4 8 =2,2 <.2<4,2
<>,4 <4 ‐ 02 4 70>,4 0.>67,0
0<,4 02 - 04 < 14,2 <.77<,4
77 <=<,4 >=76,6
V; <=<,42 ; <1,4=2=
77
V; 712,2 ; <1,111
1
<. Dj dsg kmskg dkprdsg hdc jirtd, g cis trglgoghirds sd cds rdgcmzð ujg prudlg p
pgrg
grg
pihdr hdtdrkmjgr dc irhdj odrçrqum`i y gsë iltdjdr uj kdoir sudchi, cis hgtis sij?
02 ‐ 04 07 4,2 ‐ >,2 06
Rrdn* Rujt ; <<4 + 7042 + <712 + 7<14 + 70<2 + <8>4 + 7<04 + 142 + 7014 ; 72<, =4
77>
Pxy ; 72<,=4
72<,=4 ‐
‐ (<>,<=
(<>,<= * 0,64) ; -<,7<
@ij dsti pihdkis hdhu`mr qud cg rdcg`mðj djtrd cgs vgrmglcds ds mjvdrsg, sm dc jÿkdri
hd prdnujtgs gukdjtg, dc pujtgod iltdjmhi hmskmjumrç dj -<,7< pujtis.
; <∞8>+8∞0<+1∞0677> ; 842
77> ;0,64
; ; <∞<<,4∞4+8∞<<,4∞74+1∞<<,4∞71+<∞<>,4∞<0+8∞<>,4∞7<+1∞<>,4∞
74 + < ∞ 0 < , 4 ∞ 7= + 8 ∞ 0 < , 4 ∞ 7< + 1 ∞ 0 < , 4 ∞ >
77>
; 7<=44
77> ;772,>0
Pxy ; V * ] ‐ V*
V* ] ; 772,>0 ‐ (<>,<=
(<>,<= * 0,64) ; 4,11
Px ; 7,=8
Py ; 0,>6 P V ;
P<x
∟
rxy ; 4,11 ; -2,>> r ; Pxy
xy
7,=8* -0,>6 Px . Py
Hghis cis rdsuctghis hd rxy ≆ -7, sd `ij`cuyd qud cg rdcg`mðj djtrd cgs vgrmglcds ds
cmjdgc `ij ujg pdjhmdjtd jdngtmvg, hijhd cis trglgoghirds `ij kgyir jÿkdri hd
prdnujtgs sudcdj iltdjdr kgyir pujtgod.
Dc odad hd \\.FF. pcgjtdg qud g kgyir gcturg, kdjir ds dc pdsi hd cis trglgoghirds, ¹ustdh dstç
hd g`udrhi9 Oustmamqud su rdspudstg.
r ; Pxy
j; =
xy
Px . Py
Rrikdhmi x ; 7>2,<<<<<<<
Rrikdhmi y ; 11,88888888
rxy ; 2,11=27>88=
Lmlcminrgaëg