IRC:83-2018 (Part-Il) STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES (SECTION: Ix) BEARINGS (Elastomeric Bearings) Part-ll (Second Revision) INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS 2018IRC:83-2018 (Pa First Published Reprinted Roprinted Reprinted Reprinted Reprinted Reprinted First Revision ‘Second Revision June, 1987 Mares, 1991 January, 1996 ‘September, 2000 (with Amendments) June, 2003 January, 2007 ‘September, 2008, January, 2015 May, 2018 (All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication shall be reproduced, translated or transmitted in any form or by eny means without the ‘pemission ofthe Indian Roads Congress) Printed by india Offset Pross, Deli - 110 064 '500 CopiesCONTENTS S.No. Description Personnel ofthe Bridges Specifications and Standards Committee tntroduction 1 scope 2 Terminology 3 Notations 4 Moterials 5 Design 6 Manufacturing & Workmanship 7 ‘Acceptance Speciation 8 Certification and Narking 8 Installation 10 Maintenance Annexure A ‘Annexure B Annexure © Annexure D IRC:83-2018 (Part) Page No, 2 5 30 31 2 368 28 19 2 a 2 2 1RC:83-2018 (Part) PERSONNEL OF THE BRIDGES SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE Kumar, Mano} (canvence) Singh, BN. (Coonvenor) Verma, DrSK. (Member-Secretay) ‘Alam, Perez Aro89, 0S. Banerjee, AK. ‘Bansal, Shisir Base, Ashok Bhowmick, Al Bordolo, AC. Chand, Fase “The CMD, Engg. Pro (0) Lud, (Baksh, SPS.) ‘The Director Goneral BRO (Shrivastava, L. Gen, SK) ‘The Director General, INSDAG (Banerjee, sushim) Dhoora ohare, RD. “The Engineerin-Chit, MES (Sharms AVSM, Lt Gon, Suresh) Ghosts. Gupta, Or Stpratic Heggale, VN. Khanna, Shobha Konda, Bikshapath Kumar, Ashwani (as on 23 October, 2017) Director Genera (Road Davelapment) & Special Secretary to Govt. of hia istry of Road Transport and Highways, New Deh Additonal Director General, Misty of Road Transpo. and Highways, New Delhi ‘he! Engineer S8R, (Minit of Road Transport & Highways, Transport Bhavan, New Delhi Mombers Chief Operating Ofer, Hindustan Constuction Company Us {e Menaging Director (Ret), UP Stat Bridge Corporation Lis Member (Technical) (Ret), Natona Highway Authosty of India Cie! Project Manager, Das Tourism, DTTOC Lt Managing Director, CEM Consultan) Li. Managing Director, B&S Engineering Consultants PV. Li, UP Commissioner & Spl. SecrelaryPWIB. & NM. Deot (Reta), PWD Assam ‘Advisor, STUP Engineering Project ria) Li. New Deli Border Roads Organization, Nw Delhi Institue for Stel Development & Growth (INSDAG), Kekala Superintending Engineer, Minty of Read Transport and Highways Now Del (Ciel Engin New Deli Miltary Engineer Series (MES), New Delhi 1 (Ret), Minty of Road Transport and Highways, Princijal Advisor, STUP Cenoutonte (P) it. Kokata ‘Asst. Professor, IT, New Det Vice President, Garimon Engineors & Contracters (GECPL), Mumbai anager, MP. Mato Ral Corporation Director General, National Academy of Construction, Hyderabod Supemtending Engineer, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, ‘New Daly10-88-2018 (Part!) 2 2 26 a 2 Ey » 88 84 Bee Bee Kumar, Satander Pandey. AK. Pandey, RK Parameswaran, Or Lakstny Patankar, Vi Patetya, Or. LK. Pur, SK Raina, Or. Vk. Ralzada, Pratap 8, Sharan. G, Sharma, RS ‘Shekhar, Saurav Sinha, NK. Stvastava, AK ‘Subbarao, Harshavarchan “Tandon, Mahesh Prot, Verma, GL and, San, Koshi, Ninn Manju, PY, Redd, Dc SA “Tho Drctor, SERC, TN President, Indian lads Congiess Honorary Treasurer, Indian Reads Congress ‘Secretary General, Indian Roads Congress Soietist Reta), CRRI ‘Supeintnding Engineer, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, ow Da Bomber Project), National Highway Authoriyofica (NHA\), NewDeth Chief Scientist (BAS), Central Road Research istive(CRR, New Dat DG(RO\ESS (Rela), Ministy of Road Transport and Highways, New eth Decor (Technica, National Rural Road Development Agency, New Dati [DG{RD)ASS (Ret) Misty of Road Transport and Highways, New Deni ‘Constant, Woré Bank Senior Vice Presdont, Gammon India Lid, Mumba DG(RO)ESS (Reta), Ministy of Road Transport and Highways, New eth Managing Director, Mls STP Lid, New Delhi Director, SA Ina Consultants Prt. Lt BGIRONES (Ro, Minty of Road Transport and Highways Now Det Chief Engineer, Ministy of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi Caiman & Managirg Ditectr, Consuma Conaultaney (P) Lid Numba NNanaging Decor, Tandon Consultants () Lid, New Debi Nanaging Oxector, Engineering & Planing Constructions, New Dh Corresponding Mombers [rector €.V Kand Consultant, Bhopal EG|RO)ESS (Reta), nity of Road Transport and Highways, New eh ‘rector, Freyssinet Prestressed Concrete Company Led (FPCC), Numbat Former JMD GIL (er, Prot. Nagosh R) Ex-Officio Members (Pradhan. NK) Ein¢ cum Secretary, Works Department, Osis (amar, Mano) Dector General (Road Development) & Spl, Secretary, Minty of Fad Transport and Highways Nema, Sanjay KumarIRC:83-2018 (Partil) ‘STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES. ‘SECTION: IX BEARINGS PART. Il (ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS) INTRODUCTION ‘The Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Section IX- Elastomeric Bearings, Partil based on working stress method was first published in dune. 1987. Thereatier, unprecedented growth of knowledge in the field of Bridge Bearing Desigh, Manufacturing & Workmanship, Acceptance Specifications, Certification & Marketing and Developmant of high strength materials took place in the past two evades. Prelude to this, the first revision of this Code based on Ultimate Limit State (ULS) condition was brought-outin January, 2015 and is widely being adopted across the ‘country. Meanwhile, feedbacks/inputs have been received from Industries, Users, otc on tisage of this code and seeking more clarifications. Thereafter, the newly constituted B-6 Committee for the tenure 2015-17 also felt the necessity to include Seismic provisions, Compound properties of Netural Rubber & Raw materials, Manufacturing Tolerances, Compression Stiffness Test Parameters, etc in line with the best global practices. For this purpose, a Sub-Group comprising of Shri Alok Bhowmick and Shri S. Majumdar propered the list of Errata and Amendments pertaining to the published Code IRC:83- Bots (Part), ‘Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges; Section: IX Bearings (Elastomeric Bearings) Part-I. The suggestive lst of Errata and Amendments was circulated among the members of B-6 Committee and comments were received from the members. The B-6 Committee constituted a Sub-Committee comprising of the folowing members to address the received comments in the revised draft document ‘appropriately () Shri G. Sharan, Convener, (i) Shri AX. Benerjee, (li) Shri Alok Bhowmick, (v) Shri SS. Gaharwar. ‘The Sub-committee held its meetings on 4 February 2017 to finalize the Errata and Amendments. The recommendations of the Sub-Committee were discussed in the meeting of B-6 Committee held on 15" September 2017. After deliberations, B-6 Committee approved the recommendations of the Sub-Committee with the opinion that the modified draft document incorporating the Errata and Amendments may be submitted for the approval of BSS Committee as the revised draft document Thereafter, the revised draft document was approved by the Bridges Specifications and Standards (BSS) Commitee in its meeting held on 23.10.2017. The Executive Committee in its meeting held on 2" November, 2017 considered and approved the same for placing it before the IRC Council. Finally, the document was considered by the IRC Council in its 219" meeting held on 03.11.2017 during the Annual Session held at Bengaluru (Kamataka) and was approved for publication. 1IRC:83-2018 (Part) ‘The Besrings, Joints and Appurtenances Committee (B-6) of the Indian Roads Congress was constituted in 2016 withthe following personnel: Pur, SK, Arora, H.C. Gaharwar, Dt 8.8. Members Bagish, BP, Banerjee AK. Bhasin, Col. Ashok Bhowmick , Alok Ghosh , Prof Achyut Gupta, Ujwa Gupta, Vinay Indoria, RP. Khaira, Virender Singh Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Mang Convenor Co-Convenor Member-Secretary Kurian, Jose Majumdar, Santana ‘Mandal, Anitban Ninan, RS. Pandey, R.K Rao , MAB. Rathore, Jitendra Ray, Nilanjan Sharan, 6 Sharma, RS. Verma , Sanjeev Corresponding Members Manjure, PY. Kumar, Satarder Marwah, MP khanna, Shobha Deshpande, VP, Ex-Officio Members President, IRC (Pradhan, N.K) GIRO) & SS MORTH (Kumar, Mano}) Secretary General, IRC (Nirmal, SK)1R0:83.2018 (Part) SCOPE ‘This partof the Specification (referred to as Code’ hereinafter) applies to elastomeric bearings with or without complementary bearing devices to extend thir field of use such a fat siding felements covered by relevant Part, as used in bridge structures or any other structure with ‘comparable support conditions ‘This part of Code applies to laminated bearings, laminated sliding bearings, plain pad and strip bearings and does not cover elastomeric bearings made with other elastomer materials than those specified in Clause 4.0, This part of Code applies to elastomeric bearings with dimensions in plan up to 1200 x 1200 mm for laminated bearings, plain pad bearing and ‘width in plan up to 1200 mm fr strip bearing. Tho elastomeric bearings covered inthis code ‘can be used in conjunction witn other bearing elements, as appropriate, as per other relevant parts of IRC: 83 Etastomerlc Bearings can be used with following possible arrangements: 2) Elastomeric Bearings provided on individual supports otransferverticalloads ‘and non-seismic lateral loads and to accommodate imposed deformations ‘and translations. Seismic action inthis case are transferred to substructure by separate structural connections (ether monolithic or through pin/guide bearings) of the deck to other supporting members (piers or abutments), b)Onallorindivdual supports, with the seme function as ina) above, combined with seismic Iinks/seismic stoppers which are designed to resist seismic actions, ©) Onall supports to resist both seismic as well as non-seismic actions. Refer ‘Annexure D for design considerations when elastomeric bearings are used to resist seismic actions. “This part of Code applies to normal (law damping with an equivalent viscous damping ratio < 0.06} elastomeric bearings only. Use of spacial (high damping) elastomeric bearings are not covered in this cade, for which specialist IRerature or intemational code may be consulted. ‘This part deals with bearings for use In operating temperatures ranging from -10 °C to + 50 °C. For locations where the minimum atmospheric temperature drops below -10 °C for Continuous periods of 24 hours or more, the provision of this Code shall not apply. 2 TERMINOLOGY 24 Batch Individual mix or blend of mixes of elastomer, when used for bearing production or & number of identical compenents produced at the same machine setting, 22 Chloroprene Rutber (CR) ‘Also known as polychloraprene is a polymerised form of the monomer chloroprene, 3IRC83-2018 (Parts) 23° Crystallisation ‘A phase change in elastomer (arrangement of previously disordered polymer segments Of repeating patterns into geometric symmetry) promoted by very low temperature and marked by large and quick changes in hardness, stiffness, shear modulus, etc, which are reversible 24 Elastomeric Besring Bearing comprising a biock of vuleanised elastomer that may be reinforced with one or more steel plates 28 —_EngineeriEngineer-in-Charge ‘The Engineer.n-Charge, responsible for the execution ofthe bridge projectandssodesignated in the contract or his authorized representative. 26 Ethyl Propylone Dimonomer (EPDM), Isobutane Isoprene Copolymer (IIR), Chlorosoprene Copolymer (CIR) Synthetic rubber like materials capable of being used in bridge bearings by the process of ‘wuicenisation (not permitted by this Code) but have enjoyed limited use in various parts of the world 27 Inspector ‘Authorised representative othe engineer for acceptance testing of given lots of bearings at the manufacturers plant 28 Laminate layer of reinforcing materia integrally bonded to elastomer during vulcanisation process, to restrain the lateral expansion of the elastomer. 29 Laminated Bearing Etastomeric bearing reinforced internally with one or more steel plates, chemically bonded during vulcenisation, 2.10 Natural Rubber (NR) (Polyisoprene) ‘Apolymer occurring natural in the sap of certain plants, particularly Havea Brasiionss, 241 Plain Pad Bearing Elastomeric bearing consising of a sold block of vulcanised elastomer without internal laminates or cavities,IRC:85-2018 (Part) 242 RawElastomer ‘Any member of a class of Virgin Polychloroprene (CR) capable of being vulcanised with ‘compounds, that possesses rubber lke-propertes after vulcanisation, especially the ability to regain shape almost completely ater large deformation. 243 Shore Hardness Mechanical property of @ material which describes its resistance to indentation ofa standard doviee (ie. durometer) and measured in degrees on several scales (RH. Shore A, Shore B, etc) 244 Sliding Plate ‘Component which bears on and s immediately adjacent to the top sliding surface of a bearing. ean be: ~ a single piece of austenitic steel ~ a thin plate of austenitic stool fixed to @ mild steel supporting plate 245 Sliding Elastomeric Bearing Laminated bearing with @ PTFE shoot, at top surface, which may be vulcanised directly onto the outer layer of elastomer ar fixed to @ steel plate, and will remain in contact with a siding plate. 246 Strip Bearing Plain pad bearing for which the length is at leat ten times the width 3 NOTATIONS 34 Latin Upper Case Letters A= Overallplan area of elastomeric bearing in mm A, = Effective plan area of laminated bearing (area of the steel reinforcing plates) in mm? A Reduced effective plan area of elastomeric bearing in mm® E, Apparent Compression stiness ot a bearing in N/mm. ° Overall ameter of circular bearing in mm D’ = Effective diameter of circular laminated bearing (Diameter of steel reinforcing plate) in mm E = Modulus of elasticity in MPa 5, Bulk modulus in MPa1RC:83.2018 (Part) 32 K, x x x K “ Ry R, s s, t r qt Horizontal foroes In N: KN Horizontal design forces in N: KN Maximum resultant horizontal force obtained by vector addition of Fy and Fim N KN Vertical design force in N: KN. [Nominal value of conventional shear modulus of elastomeric bearing in MPa Friction factor Factor for induced tensile stresses in reinforcing pate ‘Type loading factor ‘Sires correction factor forthe steel reinforcing plates Rotation factor Factor for restoring moment Restoring moment due to rotation in N-mm Design value of resistance in N: KN. Resultant ofthe forces resisting transiatory movement in N: KN Shape factor ‘Shape factor forthe thickest layer Total nominal thicknass of bearing ia mm ‘Total nominal thicknass of elastomer in mm ‘Tho average total inital thickness of elastomer in shear, including the top and boltom covers when these are not restrained for shearing in Maximum horizontal relative displacement in direction of dimension Maximum horizontal relative displacement in direction of dimension b Vertica movementidefection in mm Maximum resultant horizontal relative displacement obtained by ‘vectorial addition of V, and V, in mm Latin Lower Case Letters Overall with of bearing (shorter dimension of rectangular bearing) in Effective width of laminated bearing (width of the steel reinforcing plates) in mm Overallienath of a bearing (longer dimension of a rectangular bearing) inmm33 34 1RC:89-2018 (Part) Effective length of a laminated bearing (length of the steel reinforcing plates) in mm 4 Yield stress of steel in MPa fr Force free perimeter of elastomeric bearing n Number of elastomer layers t ‘Thickness of plain pad or strip besring in mm ‘, Effective thickness of elastomer in compression in mm ‘ ‘Thickness of an individual elastomer layer in a laminated bearing in mm 4 Thickness of PTFE sheot in mm Thickness of steel reinforcing plate in mm 1 Thickness of outer steel reinforcing plate in mm Greok Letters @ ‘Angular rotation of a bearing in rad 2, ‘Angular rotation across width a of a rectangular bearing in rad a, ‘Angular rotation across length b of a rectangular bearing in rad a, = Resultant angular rotation across width a and length bof a rectangular bearing in rad [Angular rotation across the diameter D of a circular bearing in rad Partial safety factor forthe resistance Vertical deflection of individual elastomer layor in mm Sum of values Design strain in elastomeric bearing due to angular rotation Design strain in elastomeric bearing due to compressive loads Design siearstrainin elastomeric beering due to translatory movements Total nominal design strain in elastomeric bearing Compressive strain of a bearing Friction eooffcient for olastomor °, Compressive stress in MPa ©, = Average of the compressive stress in MPa r Shear stass in MPa Subscripts a Design dyn Dynamic K Characteristic mex MaximumIRC:89-2018 (Partly min Minienurr t Total u A ultimate limit state test Test values 35 Abbreviations For the purposes of this Standard, the following abbreviations apply. CR Polychloroprene Rubber NR Natural Rubber ohm Parts per hundred milion by volume PTFE — Polytetrafucrosthyiene SLSServicoablity Limit State ULS Ultimate Limit State 4 MATERIALS 44 RawMaterial ‘The elastomer used in the manufacture of Elastomeric Bearing should be specified in the project documentation as other Natural Rubber (NR) or Chioroprene Rubber (CR) ae the raw polymer. Blending with up to 5% of another polymer, which may be added to aid processing, 's permitted. No reclaimed or ground vulcanised rubber shall be used. 4.11 ForCR compound, grades of raw elastomer of proven use in elastomeric bearings, ‘with low crystalizaton rates and adequate shelf ite (e.g. Neoprene WRT, Bayprone 110, ‘Skyprene B-5, Danka S-40V) shall be used. 44.2 For NR compound, grade of raw elastomer shall be RSS 1X conforming to |S: 15364 4.1.3 Bearings made of NR compounds may be fully made of NR compounds (ie. including cover layers). Bearirgs made of NR compounds may also be protected by cover layer (top, bottom and side) mede of CR compound with both parts (NR compound in internal layers and CR compounds in cover layers) being vulcanized simultaneously. 4.1.4 The polymer contert ofthe bearing shall not be lower than 50 percent and the ash Content shail not exceed 5 percant Polymer content shall be determined in accordanca with ‘ASTM-D297 and ash content as per IS: 3400-Part XXII 4.15 EPDM and other sinlar candidate elastomers for bridge bearing use shall not be permitted. 4.1.6 Tests for polymer Hentification through Pyrolysis test and confrmation about percentage of polymer content shall be carried out as per IS: 3400 (Part XI), 842 Properties IRC:83-2018 (Part) 42.4. The elastomer shall conform to al the properties specified in Table 1 depending Upon the raw polymer used (CRINR). ‘Table 4: Propertios of Elastom Characteristics Roguirements ‘Test Method 'G Modulus (MPa) or [09 | 115 TTonsile Strength (MPa) Moulded Test Prece 216 | 216) 216 \soa7 ‘Test Piece from Bearing _ aia [eta | eta type Minimum Elongation at Bresk (%) Moulded Test Prece 450 | 425 | 300 ‘Test Piece from Bearing 4o0_| 375 | 250 Minimum Tear Resistance (kNim) 180344 cR 27 jet] 212 Trouser NR. | es ea} 210 (Method A) 150815 Compression Set (°) Rs 15 9 29x 125mm 24h 70°C NR S30 Spacer : 9.38 - 25% ‘Accelerated Ageing (maximum change from unaged value) ~ Hardness (JRHD) NRTA, 70°C 5,410 (CR3d, 100°C 45 : 180.48 ~ Tensile strenath (%) 130 188 NR 74, 70°C 215 (oR 3d, 100°C +15 |- Elongation at break (%) NRT6, 70°C 225 CR 34, 100°C 225 | ‘Ozone Resistance ‘Elongation : 30% - 96h 40°C 22°C. No cracks: 180 1431-4 NR.25 ppm GR 100 pphm a Note: General elastomer ofG value 0.9 MPa are used for standard elastomeric bearings. Elastomer pending upon the requirement of stifness and ff value 0,7MPa or 1.15 MPa may be used der appitcation 4.2.2 Shear modulus (Giis the apparent ‘conventional shear modulus” ofthe elastomer boating determined by testing, At nominal temperature of 23 °C + 2°C the value of G shall comply the values given in Table 2IRC:83-2018 (Part) Table 2: Shoar Modulus at Nominal Temperature Hardness (RHD) G (MPa) ‘Tolerances of G (MPa) @ 2) a) 5045) 7 £0.10 e025 09 £0.15 7025 1.15 2020 oes to Note: The corelation betweer shoar modulus and hardness is not precise and the values of hardness asin Table 2 are given as gude only. Shear modulus wil form the basis of design 423 The adhesion strength of elastomer to stee! plate, determined according to IS: 3400 Part XIV method A, shallnot be lesser than 7kN/m. 424 Ozone resistance test shall be conducted in all cases of use of elastomeric bearings. In caso of a Natural Rubber (NR). bearing having a chloroprene (CR) cover, the natural rubber (NR) does not have to be tested for ozone resistance. The chloroprene Compound (CR) for the cover shall meet all the requirement for chioroprene (CR) and the Core shall meet the requirement of Natural Rubber (NR) except for ozone resistance Note: For use of elastomer in extromo cold climates (at atmosphere temperature below -10°C) Specie grade of ow temparature resistant elasiomer shall be used in conformity wth oporaling {ambient temperature conitions. The specications of such special grade elastomer including the tests for low tamperaure resistance shall be mutually agreed to between the buyer and ‘he manufacturer and are outside the purview of ths Code. 42.5 Laminates of mid steel conforming to IS: 2062/ IS: 1079 or equivalent international grade shall be used. The yield stress of the material shall not be lesser than 250 MPa, Uses of any other materials like fibreglass or similar fabric as laminates are not permitted for the purpose of this Code, 426 The raw material for PTFE sheet shallbe pure polytetrafluoroothylene fee sintered without regenerated materials or filers. The PTFE sheet may be with or without dimples dopending upon the application. PTFE sheet shall conform to the requirement of relovant part covering sliding element. For design of siding elements, relevant part of IRC:83 shall be referred. 42.7 Corrosion protection of exposed steel surfaces, if any, shall conform to the requirement of relevant part covering corrosion protection of bearing plates. 5 DESIGN Elastomeric bearings shall be designed to meet the relevant provisions of this section at the Ulimate Limit State. At the ultimate limit state, the strength and stabiliy of bearings shall be adequate to withstand the ulimate design loads and movements of the structure Porformance and durabilty of bearings designed according to this Code are based on the ‘assumption that tolerances given in Clause 6 are complied with. A typical bridge bearing schedule giving the information normally requited for design ofthe bearings for a particular structure is given in Annexure A, 10IRC:83-2018 (Parts) 5A Laminated Bearings 5.4 Types of laminated bearings ‘Bearing design shall be in accordance with one of the types or a combination ofthe types classified as in Table 3. 54.2 Sizes and shapes of laminated bearings Bearing types shall be rectangular, square or circular. A particular bearing shal be designed ‘with intemal rubber layers ofthe same thickness between 8 mm and 20 mm each. Usage of intemal ayer thickness up to 25 mm is permissible under special situations. Bearings shall preferably be designed and sizes determined by the bearing manufacturer as itis important that the design and detalis compatible with the manufacturing facility available with the manufacturer. Types! standard sizos for bearing type B are given in Annexure B as per international standard as woll as R'20 series of IS: 1076. For laminated bearings, itis permissible to reduce the loaded area, without changing the plan «dimensions, by including holes of uniform section in the loaded area. Minimum thickness of inner reinforcing plates shall be 3 mm (provision of Clause 6.1.3.5 ‘shall apply) Minimum thickness of thicker outer reinforcing plates, provided, Table 3, Type , D, E,F,H 8) shall be 12mm for boarings having internal elastomer layer thickness less than equal to & mm and minimum plate thickness shall be 16 mm for thicker intemal layer of elastomer. [Minimum thickness of top ard bottom cover layer shall be 2.5 mm and minimum thickness of side cover shall be 4 mm, ‘The symbols used in design rules are shown in Fig. 4 Fig. 1 Typical Cross Section of an Elastomeric Boaring Type B "IRC:83-2018 (Part) Table 3: Types of Elastomeric Bearings elastomer: = bond of elastomer to PTFE is crtical and vulnerable 1) | upe A: Plan padiStrp bearings |2) | Type B: Laminated bearings 3) | Type G: Laminated beerngs with ticker end laminates: — = laminate may bo on ethr side or onboth sie || Semmes = ensures beter ioe ditbton ——<—=—=—— = ensures better rotation a, = back tng of bearing under shear may be avoided 4) [Type D: Laminated bearings with ticker end laminates exposed: = Corrosion protection i required on exposed steel surface een ~ May be useful for bettarfctlonal resistance | = al bearing sructure ntrface nd Friction, i taken into account, should be| mamenemesaemesran | based on tested and certified value Useful for contact with steel stucture 5) | Type E: Bearings with separate steel pate cirectly vicanised with te bearing = iing/separation of bearing elastomer at edges ffom exposed steel plate should be avoided under all loading = 6) [Type F: Bearings with positive anchorage- ~ Separate plates provide ease of replacement and foolproof positive anchorage —— + Plates maybe connected tocoveredlexposed| | === ‘ond laminates ae + inleral fastening and postive means of location to be adequaly designed 7) [Type G: Bearings wih PTFE bonded 6 Oe — 2IRC:83.2018 (Part) {8} [Type H: Boarings with siding interface: Refer rolevant Part covering sliding element {or design of sliding interface (Other end may be of any other option as above {9) | Typel: Bearings with esvaintagainsttransiation to simulate support consition ~ a) Typical detal of rstraint in form of central pin ~ b) Typical detail of side restraint Ee Restraints shall be designed based on relevant Par or other relevant IRC code, 541.3. Basis of design ‘The design rules are based on the assumption that the elastomer Isa viscoelastic material, the deflection of which under a compressive load is influenced by its shape. Reinforcing plates in the bearing shall be chemically bonded to the elastomer during vuleenisation to prevent any relative mavemant atthe steellelastomer interface. Unless otherwise specified design values stated in this cade means values in ULS and are represented with subscript “d (Clause 3.4) in respective notation. For loads, load factors and load combinations, IRC: 6 shall be referred. For the strength analysis of the elastomeric bearings, the resultant rotational movement shall be taken 2s not less than 40,003 radians and the resultant translational movement 2s not less than =10 mm. Effect of top and bottom cover layer shall not be considered in design when their thickness Is less or equal to 2.5 mm. ‘Al designed bearings shall meet the requirements given hereefter: a) Maximum design strain [At any point inthe bearing the sum ofthe stains (¢,,) due to the design load effects is given by the expression: b5a= Ki, (Ea * Fae * Fuad where: £.,= design strain due to compressive design loads as defined in Clause 6.1.3.2 ea design shear strain due to design translatory movements as defined in Clause 6.1.3.3. 42 design strain due to the design angular rotation as defined in Clause 5.1.3.4 K. 18 a type-oading factor. The value of K, is normally considered as equal to 1.0. In case of applications with specific requirement of limiting the strain under ive load effects, K, may be 131RC:83.2018 (Part) ‘considered as 1.5 only for live load effects. For all other load effects, K, may be considered as 1.0 «,, hall not exceed the maximum value ¢, , given by the expression: Ym where: 4 = maximum permissible value of 7 for ULS (See Note 1) ‘p= Pattal safely factor. Uniess otherwise specified, the recommended value is 7, = 1.00 ») Maximum tensile stesses in reinforcing plates Reinforcing plates shall be designed for ULS as defined in Clause 6.1.3.5 ° Stabilty criteria (see Clause 5.1.3.6) ‘Stability criteria shall be evaluated taking into account the following: Stabilly regarding rotation ‘Stabilty regarding buckling Stabilly regarding sliding 4 Forces, moments, end deformations exerted on the structure (see Clause 6.1.3.7) Forces, moments and deformations shell be evaluated taking into account the following ~The pressure atthe contact surfaces between the bearing and the structure, = The force exertedon the structure by the bearing resisting translatory movement ~The restoring moment due to the bearing resisting rotational movement ~ Vertical deflection due tothe vertical load Note 4: The maximum permissible value or ¢,, defined as 7 for ULS has bean drives from ¢,, he ‘empirical valuo of 5 for aserviceabilly chock by mutilying both side ofthe equation by V4, = 1140. It should not be takanto reflect the ultimate strain ofthe material. Elastomerie bearings ‘ara designed to operate wal below the ultimate strength ofthe mates rom which they are ‘made, osllow for fague effec inthe rubber. Consequently bearings can sustain accidental ‘overloads and deformations considerably greater than the design values, wihout failure. Experiment shows that even when the compressive loads are sufficient to fracture the steel Felnforcng piates the bearing sti supports the fad ‘Note 2: The nominal shear modiius can be modified for dynamic load efacs (railway loading in Ral- Road bridges, eartnquace}, depencing on the exctng frequencies (generally frequencies > GHz) and movement amplitudes: the factor, which may vary for dierent elastomer ‘compounds, can be obined experimental Note 3: Usor can have an extra bearing to be tested at ULS In order to vey the satisfactory performance if they 80 wsh. A bearing testad to ULS cannot be used in the structure since its performance at SLS camot be guaranteed aftr such treatment. 141R0:83-2018 (Part) 5.13.1 Shape factor “The shape factor is a means of taking account of the shape of the elastomer in strength and deflection calculations, I isthe ratio of the effective plan area of an elastomeric stab to its Torce-free surface area, including holes. For laminated bearings the shape factor S for each individual elastomer layer is given by the expression: ‘whore: fective plan area of tre bearing, ie. the plan area common to elastomer and steo! plate, excluding the erea of any holes if these are not later effectively plugges ‘A= overall plan area of the elastomeric bearing a= overall width of the strip bearing. |,=Torco-ree perimeter of the bearing including that of any holes if these are not later effectively plugged. {,= effective thickness of anindividual elastomer layer in compression; in laminated bearings itis taken as the actual thickness {for inner layers, and 1.4, for outer layers with a thickness > 3 mm (if te thickness of outer layor fs less than 3mm, effect of outer layers ‘shall not be considered In calculation); in plain pad and strip bearings, itis taken as 1.8, {fis the thicknoss of an individual elastomer layer). Note: For 2 rectangular bearirg without holes: Ajza'xb! a 2n(a'nb) where effective width ofthe bearing (10. the width ofrainforcing plates). ’= effective longth ofthe bearing (1.2, the langth of reinforcing ates) 16IRC:83-2018 (Part) 5.1.22 Design strain due to sompressive load For caleulation purpose G shallbe one of the values defined in Table 2 4 design strain due to compressive loads, and is given by the expression: 15x Fra fed Gx AEX A, reduced effective plan area se tothe loading effects, where A, given by the expression: xa — Yt — Yo h x(1 = ~ A) where Vig maximum horizontal rlatve displacement of parts of the beating in the direction of dimension a of the bearing due to all design load effects; Vg maxinum horzortal relive dsplacement of pats of th beating inthe drecton of dimension bo the bearing et a design nad oft 51.23 sneerstain ‘Tho shear strain ofthe easter duo ransatory movement sha not excee 1.00, and is gvenby the oxen, _ Vaya & T where Vg = maximum resultant horizontal relative displacement of parts of the bearing obtained by ‘vectorial addition of coexisting values of V,, and V,,; (V, and V, gare defined in Clause 5.1.3.2) T. foal thickness of the elastomer in shear including the top and bottom cover, unless relative movement betweenthe outer plates ofthe bearing and the structures restrained by dowelling or other means, Note: The maximum permissible valuefor€, defined as 1.00 for ULS has been derived by multiplying the SLS value of 0.7 by 140, 5.1.34 Design strain due to angular rotation “The nominal strain due to angular rotation is given by the expression 16IRC:83-2018 (Part) (a? x aga + B/?x aoa) Xt faa = ay angle of rotation across the width, a, ofthe bearing: angle of rotation if any) across the length, b, ofthe bearing jickness of an individual layer of elastomer. 5.1.3.5 Reinforcing plate thickness ‘To resist induced tensile stresses under load, the minimum thickness of the stee! plates in a laminated bearing is given by the expression: Kp X Fea X(t + t2) X Kn X Ym, nd ty = nea and t, 2 3mm ts where and A, are as defined in Clause 3.1 1, and t, are the thickness of elastomer on either side of the plate; old stress ofthe steel; , = factor for induced tensile stresses in reinforcing plate which value is given hereunder without holes: K= 1 vith holes Kyn2 Ve partial safely factor. Unless otherwise spectied the recommended value is, = 1.00 = stress comtection factor, the value of which may be considered a8 1.9, 5.1.3.6 Limting conditions a) Rotational limitation condition For laminated bearings, the rotational limitation shall be sat deflection Ev, ,(e88 Clause 6.1.3.7) complies with 1d when the total vertical For rectangulr bearings a? xaga tb and Kra = Lea ~ 0 wIRC:83-2018 (Parti) For circular bearings DI xaa Wea - 20 Kral where, (D'= effective diameter ofthe bearing K,,= a rotation factor, the value of which may be considered as 9, 2V,,,= total vertical deflection ») Bucking Stabity (U.S) Fortin berngs, te pase, 2 sha sty ones fe “*2%5, . For rectangular bearings For circular bearings a’ shall be deemed to be the diameter ° Non sliding condition (ULS} For non-anchored bearings the following formulae shall be salistied: Paya Se X Feat min and under permanent loads: where, F 4 fesuitant ofall the horizontal forces F gan = Minimum vertical design force coexisting with F,,. 1, = friction coeficient given by the expression hereater ne won 5 x aus where, " K=06oreanete 2 orl er saosin tx sn mot nd oa 6.= aap he ames 88 Fn Note:The design values ofthe reton coefficients forthe sting condition are relatively low to allow for long term effects, Nevertheless more stingent values of u, than those mentioned above. 181RC:83-2018 (Part) {an be specified for structures with high dynamic conditions, such as rahway bridges, or with ‘smooth plinth suraces. ‘ners a bearing fls to satsty the requirements for stability against sling, postive means of lection Le, anchors may be provided 1o resist the whole of tre horzonalfoeae For design of anchors, relevant pal of IRC:83 may be referred 5.1.3.7 Forces, moments, and deformations exerted on the structure a) Pressure on the contact surfaces lastomeric bearing exert a non-uniform pressure on the contact surface with the structure, Its sufcient fo ensure that mean pressure does not exceed the strength of the supporting ‘materia Force exerted on the structure by the bearing resisting translatory movement. The fore R, exerted on the structure by the bearing resisting translatory movements given by: Ry =A xox where, R= resultant ofthe forces resisting to translatory movement, ‘A= total plan area ofthe bearing, G = shear modulus ofthe beering, T, = total thickness of elastomer in shear The force R, shall not exceed the value specttiod b) Resistance to rotaton The design value of the restorng moment dus to rotation about an axis through the centre of ‘he bearing, parallel tothe length (b direction), is given by the folowing expressions: for rectangular bearing {or circular bearing oxaxnx® S12 xnx ‘To dotermine the factor K, see Table 4 hereafter 19IRC:89-2018 (Part) Table 4: Restoring Moment Factor bra os] 078 | 4 12 [ie] 13 [| i | 15 K, 137 | 100 | 862 | 804 | 799 | 7e4 | 767 | 763 be} 1s [17 | 18 | 19 | 2 [26 | 0 | = K, 7ai | vat] 722 | 715 | 708 | 633 | e190 | 60 ('b 1 + a/b for permanent loads, 5.2.5 Deformations and forces exerted on the structure Vertical deflection: The deflecton is given by the equation for a single layer in Clause 6.1.3.7. (ignoring term involving the buik modulus), Mean Pressure: fz. ‘Translatory: The fotce arising om the shear strain i glven in Clause 6.1.37. 5.3 Type A: Strip Bearngs ‘This type of bearing consists ofa solid stip of elastomer without reinforcing plates, 53.1 Geometry The thickness of sinp beerings shall not be less than 8 mm, 532 Loads ‘The mean design pressure, o,, on a stip bearing as defined by the expression: Fa eq = 7 Shall not excoed the maximum limit value g,, = 1.4 x G x S oF 7x G, whichever isthe lesser, 211RC:83-2018 (Part) where, F,,,= vertical design load effect overall plan area of the stip bearing {G = nominal shear modulus ofthe elastomer 'S = shape factor of the elastomer slab 833 Shear Strain “The calculation fr determining ,, described in Clause 6.1.3.3 shall apply. The shear strain shall be limited tothe following value: e808 54 stably Crteria Rotation: Y°5> axa, !3 Bucking: Tikness <4 owt Siting, The provsionsin lus 51.26 foal ods shall be apples ans ak 1 + afb or prantons 53.5 Deformations ana maximum forces exertad on the structure \Vertcal deflection: The defieston is given by the equation fora single layer in Clause 5.1.9.7 {ignoring term involving the bulk modulus). Fi Mean Pressure: F24. “Translatory: The forbe arising from the shear strain is given in Clause 5.1.9.7. 5.4 Type G2H: Sliding Elastomeric Bearings Bearings of type G & H in Table 3 shall conform to the design rules and manufacturing tolerances for laminated bearings, see Ciause 5.1.3 “The maximum fictional force F.,, when calculated in accordance with relevant Part covering siding element shall comply wit Figg Ry RirAKG 5.5 __ Internal Fastening Connections and Positive Means of Location Internal fastening connectons for (Bearing type F: Bearing with positive anchorage in ‘Table 3) and positive means of location shall be designed for a minimum F,,. For designing ‘of positive means of locallenfanchorage, refer relevant Part Figg 2 AX 2IRC:83-2018 (Part) (6 MANUFACTURING & WORKMANSHIP ees cuit Pad ane stip bearing shall be moulded in one piece, or comprise single Pisces cut from previously moulded strips or slabs. Cutting shall produce a smooth surens Without injurious heating of he elastomer 02 ceding ith steel laminates shall be moulded as single unit in @ mould and {Rcanised under heat and rressure. Moulding of elaments in separate nits and subsequent bonding isnot permitted, nor shall cuting from large size cast be permitted, 83 om hemos used shall have standard surface nish adaquate to produce bearings {tee from any surface blemishes. 84 intemal see! laminates shall be free from sharp edges. 8 og fannnol Plates for laminates shall be sand! grit blasted to clean all mill scales and hall be free from all contaminants prior to bonding by vulcanisation, Rusted plates with piting shall not be used, 88 ag of nina shal be carried out during vulcansation using suitable bonding agent for Pending of elastomer to stse such thatthe bond peel strength sat least 7 Nimm width when tested in accordance with IS 3400 Part XIV Method A. 6 mc ences used In mould to ensure cover and location of laminates shall be of minimum size and number practicable, Any hole at surface or in edge cover shall bs filed subsequent, 88 somo hal be taken to ensure uniform vulcanlsation concltons and homogeneity ‘of elastomer through the surface and body of he bearing, 8 oncan i bearings shal be manufactured with the tolerances specified in Table 5. ‘Tolerances of thickness of incividual layer of elastomer, dimension of laminates, and fatrese Of laminates are primarily meant for quality control during production, In order to mascers thickness of individual layer of elastomer, dimension of laminates and floss of laminates Ga fished bearing its essential to cut the bearing, which may be done if agroed upon between the manufacturer and the buyer, = tems 1 [vera naar Pan pansion 2 ott Moon Beng Meee Che mean careae ho ahnete| 1, 000m | 2mm Sworgect ethno meats orion he mar afar tte oo Frrarounchges pate roamm <5 | an Rectang: comer eee Gee coer races ae and con tsnm frm | #1.4mm,=0.4mm ~)| Parallelism of laminate with respect to| bearing base as datum (with respect to eo diameter for plates circular in plan and 100 shorter side for plates rectangular in plan) © [Flatness ‘a)_|Load bearing surface ofthe bearing 7, 250mm = imme Flatness of load bearing surface of al 50mm aaox 520] 73137 | 48/88 | a2 aa | os60| 73 | 137 | 48 | 96 | 32 a fate | 400x630] 73 | 137 | 48 96 12 4 4 8 | 480x630] 73 [15 | 48 | 108 | 12 a [ays es0| 73 | 133 | 45 | 108 | 12 a_jala Saox630| 75139 [48 [120 | 42 a0 630x630] 94130 | 64 | tae | 16 3 | «fe e710| s¢ | 130 | 6 | ta | 16 5 |4|s eaox710| 94 | 130 | 6 | 144 | 16 5s lala 710x770| 94 | 220 | 64 | 160 16 5 a 10 : ye00| se | 220 | 6 | to | 16 rn) 710x800] 94 | 20) s¢ | 160 | 16 5 | 4 | 1 sso| o4 | 20 | 64 | too | 16 s__|4 | G0 800] 110 [285] 80-220] —20 3 [4 | 00| t10 | 235 | 80 | 220 | 20 s__| 4 | 0 x 900110 [285 [80 -220-| 20 stat * Total thickness without top and bottom cover1RC83-2018 (Part) ANNEXURE C 1 Tests on Complete Bearings or Samples (Refer Clauses 7.9.1.3 & 7.9.2.3) a) b) ° 4) °) 9 Alltests shall be conducted on test bearings chosen at random from the lot under acceptarce testing or sample bearings, as applicable. Al tests shall be carrled out on complete bearings only and not on any cut-sample in any Alltestsshallbs conducted by skied personne! under competent supervision with adequate experience in rubber testing, to the complete satisfaction of the inspector. Al testing shall be done at room temperature. 'No bearings shall be tested eartior than a weok after vulcanization. ‘Test for determination of Compression Stifness may precede that of Shear “Modulus, when both tests are conducted on the same test bearings. Al details of tast equipment, method and speoiied values, as applicable, shell be furnisted with the submittal of the acceptance testing programme according to Cause 7.3. €.2 Test for Determination of Shear Modulus 24 Scope: ‘The test shall determine the value of shear modulus under specified short term loading. 6.22 Test Piece “Two test bearings. ©.23 Test Procedure ©.23.1 Test assombly Asin Fig.2 ©.23.2 Conditioning load BBosrings shall be preloaded with maximum horizontal load 2x F, (with. held constant) ‘and unloaded before test loading. 6.2.3.3 Rate of loading F corresponding to @,, = 6 MPa shall bo hold constant during test and the horizontal loading 2x F, shall be gradualy increased to yield a shear stress rate of approximately 0.05 f0.0.5 MPa par minute. 361RC83-2018 (Part) 234 Maximum test leading The horizontal loading 2x F, shall be increased up to.@ maximum 2 x F,.,which corresponds to horizontal deflection equal to T, Press platen rtd PELLET Test bearing = Movatie pate {SS SS SIH = Press laton (a) Test Assembly a — | — | | vo Shear Stain 64% Shear Stress T (MPa) Sao Halse = Hal toe alte Balh G2 lea 6 (©) Shear Stress Stain Curve and & Fig. 2 Determination of Shear Modulus C235 Measurement ‘Load and deflection measurements shall be made at approximately equal intervals not less than 5, a71RC-83-2018 (Part) 24 Evaluation 6.241 A shear stress strain curve shall be plotted and the value of shear madulus determined as shown in Fig. 2 (b). 6.24.2. Thetestresuitshallbe deamed- satisfactory if G determined is within the tolerance limit of value specified in Table 2 of the main text and provided there is no evidence of instabilty, defect or damage dscovered by close inspection during the test. 6.3. Test for determination of Compressive Stiffness 6.34 Scope “The test shall determine the value of apparent Compression Stifness under specified short {orm axial loading, 632 Test Piece One test bearing C33 Test Procedure 6.331 Testassombly ‘As shown in Fig. 3 (a) Press platen Text bearing (oy Tost Aesorbly 381RC:83.2018 (Part) FazeFasest Load Fen) Ft-0. Fatest , Vets deflection Vz (nm) a= Fadl Yad by Sirass Strain Cune Fig 3 Determination of Compression Stitfnoss 6.3.32 Conditioning load Bearing shall be proloadedup oF... The load shall be retained for 10 minutos and unloaded up o.0,,= 2 MPa before test loading 6.3.33 Rate of leading The axial load F,,. is increased gradually a a rate yielding approximately 0,, = § MPa per minute, ©.3.34 Maximum test leading Sx x8 A Maximum test loading shal correspond © Fes: = === ©.3.35 Measurement Load and deflection measurements for complete bearing shall be made in approximately ‘equal load intervals not less than 5. Deflection shall be measured at four edges and mean value accounted for. €.34 Evaluation 6.3.4.1 Acompressive load deformation curve shall be plotted and the value of apparent compression stifnoss E, shall be determined as shown in Fig. 3 (b). 39IRC:83-2018 (Parti) €.3.4.2 The test result shall be deemed satisfactory ifthe value of apparent compression stiffness determined from the deflection between 30 percent and 100 percent ofthe test load is within + 20 percent ofthe value specified by the manufacturer and no discemible defect is found by visual examination. The manufacturer should specify the value along with the submittal for acceptance testing programme. 4 Test for Determination of Shear Bond 41 Scope This test shall determine whether requisite adhesion exists between the elastomer and stool laminates. ©42 Test Piece ‘Two identical bearing solectedat random from te lot as test bearing or on prototype bearings ‘produced in identical conditon: 43 Tost Procedure 6.4.3.1 Test assembly ‘As shown in Fig. 4, rss platen Test bearing Movable plato Pras platen Fig. 4 Determination of Adhesion Strongth 0.4.3.2 Maximum testloading: Fy Corresponding to ¢, = 12 MPais to be held constant during the test. Ifnecessary the compressive load shall be increased to prevent slippage but should not exceed the maximum test loading as givan in Ciauna C334 Horizontal loading shall be gradually increased to yield a shear stress rate of approximately 0.05 to 0.5 MPa per minute, €.4.3.3 The horizontal loading 2F, shall be increased gradually up to a maximum 2F ya, which corresponds to horizontal defaction equal to 27, (.0., 68 mm for the specified size 200 mm x 200 mm x 41 mm). When the maximum deflection is reached (shear strain = 2) the {oflection shall be maintained for § min in order to allow flaws to develop. 40IRC:89-2018 (Part) 0.4.3.4 Measurement Load and deflection measurements shall be made at approximately equal intervals not lass than 5 6.4.4 Evaluation ©C.44.1 Examine the test bearing for evidence of cracking or peeling both in the strained and unstrained state. After remaval of the shear force the bearing should be examined visually, whilst stil under the compressive load, and any bulges which could indicate bond fallure should be notod. t may be necessary to cut the edge cover to confirm the presence of flaws arising from bond failure. C442 _Ineither of the est bearings shows evidence of peeling or separation at or near the interface between rubber and reinforcement layers and there is no sign of bond failure tho tot shall be deemed to be satisfactory. “IRC:83-2018 (Part) ANNEXURE D D.1___ Considerations for Seismic Resistance D.1.1 Elastomeric bearings considered in this Part are Low damping elastomeric bearings with an equivalent viscous damping ratio & less than 0.08. Such bearings have 2 cycle behaviour similar to Fysteretic behaviour with very slender hysteresis loops. Their behaviour should be approximated by that ofa linear elastic member with equivalent elastic slifness in the horizontal drestion equal to Gx A/T, where G Is the shear modulus of the lastomer,Aits effective horizontal area and T, is the total thickness of the elastomer. 1.2. The seismic behaviour of bridges, in which the design seismic action is resisted ‘entirely by elastomeric bearings on all supports, is governed by the large flexibility of the bearings and shall be analysed as seismic isolation system. The elastomeric bearings may be considered as linear elastic members between the substructure and superstructure, deforming in shear (and also in compression) enhancing flexibility and thereby natural period ofthe system. Their damping may be assumed equal tothe global viscous damping of the structure. The deformation of bridges supported exclusively by normal elastomeric bearings is predominantly elastic and does not lead in general to ductile behavicr. In this case the seismic response of substructure and Superstructure shall remain essentially elastic and therefore response reduction factor (R) for design shall be considered as 1.3 Simple low-damping elastomeric bearings covered in this part may be used as isolators, without being subjected to special tests for seismic performance. DAA4 The shear strain &, of the elastomer due to translatory movement, caused due to ‘combination ofall posible ldads and effects that may coexist during earthquake, shal not ‘exceed 1.00 D.1.5 In bridges with elastomeric bearings intended to resist selsmic action, structural ‘members which resist shear forces from the bearings shall be designed on the basis ofthe ‘maximum deformation ofthe bearings corresponding to the design displacement ofthe deck and a bearing stiffness increased by 30%. D.A.6 —_Elastomeric bearings used as isolators for application in seismic Zone IV and Zone V shall be secured in postion by means of positive anchorage, AUS, 2