ADJECTIVES a An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. It answers the questio: . one, what kind, how many and how much. NS Which Examples: The bald guy in this photo is our prime suspect. (Which one) There are many honest men in government. (What kind) Give me six apples and four oranges. (How many) \ got this luggage for only a hundred bucks. (How much) Words that appear as nouns can function as adjectives. Hence we cannot tell what part of speech a word is until we determine its use in a sentence. Example: The magazine article about the schoo! musical was posted on the bulletin board. Magazine, school and bulletin function as adjectives in the sentence modifying the nouns article, musical and board, respectively. They answer the question, what kind? What kind of article? magazine article What kind of musical? school musical What kind of board? —_ bulletin board In contrast, the words school and magazine are used as nouns in the following sentence: I was at school when | saw the magazine featuring him on the cover. Proper Adjectives Adjectives formed from proper nouns are called Proper adjectives. They begin with * capital letter. Examples: Erench cuisine (French modifies the word cuisine and answers the question, what kind) Japanese technology Filipine culture Victorian era Shakespearean literatureThe lady in red blouse is my sister-in-law. The man by the wharf is sad. German Technology Japanese car his uniform its whiskers your burden Judy's bag i Kenny's cap Jaughing children wilted flowers shouting officer lighted room lost opponent fifty cents twenty dollars eo besirers fifteen baskets in fivesets = Yow CHARACTERISTICS enol firm sturdy 5 weak short Ne & LOR % emorton/ coon thisbook, -S™Menetizens another idea FEELING ees ora these books Pothteachers Gach container ‘lonely rough soft miata few people ecstatic Zh ither player smooth ugly Se furious noisy FIGURE NO. 8nena Participles ticiples are a type of verbal that functions as an adjective. Part words that look like verbs but do not function as verbs but as nouns or vera oe (Refer to Figure No. 16 for a discussion on Verbals.) aay participles have both the past and present form, and both are used as adjectives. a ici} i : i isins, broken arm, baked pie, accomplished rticiple (ends in d, ed or t): dried raisins, b , bake I vitor soled ae bruised leg, burnt candle, wilted flower, twisted story, occupied territory, destroyed fence, endangered species, surprised expression Examples: His broken arm hurts badly. This baked pie is simply delicious. Mom washes our soiled clothes. Present Participle (ends in-ing): speeding truck, dancing lights, talking doll, sleeping giant, whistling kettle, crawling insects, cleaning agents, washing machine, cooking utensils, swaying leaves, monitoring device, singing talent, booming sound, shining moment Examples: Did you finish the sizzling steak? (Sizzling is a present participle describing steak.) The crying lady turned out to be my friend, letus buy a whistling kettle. * “ avticles — avy coc cf Determiners such as the articles the, a, dn, a and possessive, demonstrative and indefinite eterminers also function as adjecti ives when they come before nouns, Examples: Give me the package, He shared @ story, Just k bogs) Your bags here. (Your is a possessive adjective. It comes before the noun We need to move thi Th i @ this bed to the other room. (This i ive adjective that comes before the soar seas (This is a demonstrative adj Here comes anos noun train) nner train. (Another is an indefinite adjective that comes before thehas Phrases or Clauses can also function as adjectives. These phrases (because they start with a preposition followed by an Word groups suc! ie epositional phras . i . 3 aera noun) and adjectival clauses. (See Figure No. 15 and Figure No.16 for lessons on adjectival phrases and clauses.) Examples: with red ribbon Please get the shoebox with red ribbon. (Which one?) in faded denims The old man in faded denims is my grandfather. (Which one?) of great value This is a treasure of great value. (What kind?) What are Compound Adjectives? Compound Adjectives consist of two-word combinations describing something or someone. They are often separated by a hyphen. Some compound adjectives, however, are also combined. x see keok Examples: (Hyphenated) middle-aged, part-time, old-fashioned, blue-eyed, well-rounded, etc. Middle-aged: My middle-aged helper appears to be weak these days- Part-time: He works as a part-time gym instructor. Well-rounded: __ This training workshop will make you a well-rounded employee: d Asa rule, a compound adjective is hyphenated if it comes before a noun. It does not nee a hyphen if it comes after a noun. Examples: The onion-skinned girl stormed out of the hall. The girl is indeed onion skinned. She hid her old-fashioned yet expensive bag inside her room. The bag is old fashioned.