Ml TECHNOLOGY - SLIP ANGLE Slip Angleisa summary of laude RouelltsOptimumG seminars capa Jerrereion verison Tomo sng Soumeaneans foro eae Scompeanessrehg tied Sowa Data acquisition Ae’ dataacuiston system iscomposed ofa electronic memory device hat stores vals Ines rome vee eer 2s afunetion oftime The data acquired can then be processed torturer ana The datacolected canbe be checked rst before making any adtioal analy. ver perormance channels can tl us hom the divers perfomingon vied ino tree main categories: wack Vehicle performance channels ‘the vehicle’ vital signal, help esunderstand what the vehicle vehicle perfomance anddiver —_fedoingwith the ferent setup performance Te vehicle vital signalsareallhe channels related torelabity The chanel that ae ‘ypially included ae engine pressure and temperature, water temperature uel pesure, gearbox and iferentialtompertre btery ‘voage, engine pt amb, exhaust 93s emperture et Vehicle perfomance chennels aeparametesthat are vehicle ‘dams related channels such senile spe, accelerations, damper poston tyre temperature and pressure ride eight, suspension Toads, loads side slip angle, yaw veloc, engine speed, Diver performance channels re parameters thatthe river controls suchas thot bake and tering postion and aea postin, ‘The vehi ital signaeare themastimportant and should Driver performance channels are parameters the driver controls changes But the biggest challenge forany data acquisition engineers hot processalths data inthe ‘rium amount of tine Measuring up ay pofonmancendctr I) help achieve this objective as they represent typeof perfomance nearer These nets can be ‘hemcmum minimum, verge, eration ete ofa channel KAalow ustoreducethe amount data and get tothe erie so they an quickly extract. ad vse ming ta which aes easier titre numbers andhighight elaionships The {goals find pattems optimus, redtons deviations, te Being able to races fie, and vile dais an essential tof data driven eginesing ~ Sorting the rough from the smooth with your drivers In a brand new series of technical insights OptimumG president Claude Rouelle focuses on a race driver's key performance indicators — kicking off with steering wheel smoothness ‘The way in which a eer works the whee il tol you much shout ot he diver andthe racecar isnotenlyabouteficientanasis certain amount of smoothness asto butalsoabout quickly making the right decisions onthe car etup not unbalance the vehicle. How the hiver ets rom the feck en and.sometimes tomakethecriver__by the veileand steering wheel attentvetosomeofthel diving wilteflect on hw fs they wl tum habits that hey may want tomodly, the tering whee, ‘A goo dato performance Theresa strong coherence and acqustion engineer wl fist corelaton between the tering serve and compare and then raw conchsions.tisvery common foranengineertlookatthe dota and then immediatly make conclusion. The fist question they need aktherea are welooking atthe cause othe effect KPIs wl help ule the data engines tolookot the ight dito The steering wheels oneof the diver control that has aiect reltonstip with theheading of the vehicle Turning the steering hed requis the divert havea ‘whee angle and vehicle response Ifthe diver apis comections, Something sot happening as they expected or sitshuld be Ina perfect worl witha pesect. ei race ver and rac the steering wheel angle for a constant radius comer, would be the one resented in Figure ese the diver brakes atthe ial braking pint tunsthe wheel with ‘the necessary amount of tering at the exact steering speed generating ‘the maximum tater fore, upon stewing Arte Figure 1: This shows a theoretical storing wheel signal ina perect wordMl TECHNOLOGY - SLIP ANGLE reaching the apex no corecons ‘or sllincrements of teeing arenecesarytohave the tyes arti ple oc tho ai tho diver etn to zero steering ele byoppving the same amount oF steering and storing speed Reality check signal doesnt corespand tothe idealised signal of Figure 1. The signal wie fuzzy, nth venation m amplitude and fequency esting ‘tom conection ofthe diver dve tothe track rpvbumpines and balance changes Figure 2 shows the realdataacquiedfoma tering hee angle sensorinacomet ‘This iscrepancy between ‘theory and eatys du to vack imegularescriver input tye wea car baloce conection et ‘The onlyfeadback thatthe diver A handling problem will mean the Thisapollesa moving averaaeto ‘ur data The user can then decide hom they want fle the data, ‘ing tine or number fps ‘Smooth operator Wecantnen cet the seeing smoothnes Table whichisthe cfeence between thesteetng angle smoothed The ats function suse forth cae where the realsteenog sgl stow he stmonthed sina snce tis would «ve anegatve valve and cancel Ct the postive valves when alating he vege ‘Astionaly forthe stering smoathness le arenot interested ifthe criversover-oF nderconecting thee steering Ts ind of analysis part another OL Theresultfthis operations presenta a Figured driver makes more corrections has isthe steringfedback given ‘rom the on whee staging torque Any variation ofthe sterng wheel wil provide anideaofhow much tip yaw moments stil valle that the sensing partof the conta lop dverinput~ cat behavout which il cause the tivr to counter tex fr examole, tocorectfor oversee. By combining thedealsed steecing hes ange ath the actual steering angle, we can create ‘the sterng smoothness channel “This comesfom sng (smoothing the raw steering wheel angle channel to obaina smoothed steenng da, ascan been seen in Figure3, where ve are comparing the actual tering wheel angle (eves) agains the tering angle smocthed (in oange Thesmoothingis done by applying mathematical fiers suchas ‘a moving average rung alps fite.n the cas of anal sftae, oTeC 2, we can fier the dra by using the Smoot terse Table vehicle ith handing problems vallequre the divert ake more steering comections Tis observee inFigue 3 and Figure particulary atthe apex Ths can bean indication thatthe driver ishaving problems vith the vehicle balance mid-omet Aer caluating the steering smoothes. an then calculate the steering smoothness KI foreach lap calelating the average othe steering smoothness, tana stanscal value 3s a measure of ‘he steering smoothness Table, The lowerthe average value he fener conection: the driver applies tothe stering whet sng te prevous denned 21 weare aon going tolookat the steering smoothness ofthe race ives The datas taken fom pe Steering Whee! Angle r i i Q Figure 2: Real steering wheel signal acquired rom an angle sensor in aura Steering Wheel Angle Raw and Smoothed o pe is ES E ° * ‘Comer Entry foe ‘Comer Exit Foe . = I 3 s ° comer Entry Apex Corner Exit igure plied to under- or eer-omecti ‘Table 1: Math channels equations to create the steering smoothness KPI Math chnsel nme Hath soa eqaton |steeed nglesmooth _snoohStering Wie 10) |Steving smoatness __absSteerng hee eg Steere gle Sot dei |Sexrgsmontve 1 st reaSengSnootnes large reorgstst Ly Efficiently being able to process, filter and visualise the data is an essential part of good data-driven race engineeringMl TECHNOLOGY - SLIP ANGLE Ace ptr desing | rsa tine ‘on —_ race circuit. mene Lap Time Versus Lap Number ‘versus lap number for Fowesinowtuptirevess | guns torte aves thelopnorber The ses pet each driver are respectively: Driver, ae A kop seven; Driver B lap nine; and Zins Dikerclapsi.OmerAtasmore | Esine conisenloptresmclsoomaly | Bases meh foserthontesBand cen 7 Paeeg lap As the session progresses, the me fa: « on by una tw tp ons nen rae, = pny anne, POT save Steering Smoothness Seana mosterssent esvoraoncthe | 128 {ier uae Sevingimoatness minimis | anna . Seceabgeia.oneaand — [ZS 7d Chueangreranaoncite, | steering smoothness and there s Sues a _a dear correlation between the lap State Semttencompunenter | wna somec Thesmoater bath dives ee a a a a a beret me rer bo sa nica np The trick is to “ Steering Smoothness ao find what works | . sewing ties a vee pnt best for you jo and your team I- saeutohaveseodstontinnin | $2 Sore srookoexsesitingwatt, | "san Sats. Moreau ee Doping . oe ew a wee nteypet es hee bea ot Incead feeling he ering smoothness KP versus apie, ‘anal be displayed versus the lop number Figure 7 ‘The dference between this hartand the previous one that we getanidea tow tnesteenng simoahness progresses asthe race sesion goes on, Based on tis ‘ale we could ao se how the steering smoothness evolves 351 degradation progresses, Natceable points aretha each hiver fastest ps Driver ap seve: Diver 8 lap nine and Driver laps are among thelaps where the sterng smoothness values rine allofthe cries are becoming soother, but afte this al ofthe ‘ould be due to tyre wet Data Acquisions used to ‘monitor and better understand the ata eae working wth The vlve ‘snotin whatismeasured but \ahat canbe done wth the measuet ata. There are many waystodspay \uhatismeasutedando obtain metic. The wickis to find what ‘works best for you and your team, “The steering smoothness KI ‘sanerampleofameticthatean be used to quantify the steering smoothness ofthe rae driver. can halpthe engineer to iy entity laps or comes of intrest ‘Ageat deal ofiformaton can chas.na fast-paced envionment, We must find a way to improve the speed at which we can extract the information from our data such as professional motorsport the quick anajsisand decision ‘making iundamenta and we must finda way toimprove thespeed at which we extract Information fom our data, KPIs ‘Optimum ofes complete solution for testing simulating, and improving the dypamic perlormance of your vee. ‘Alonsuing services canbe sub-contractor we can sinply automate te analysis proces. (guide youraceteam tough When comparing tering cou methodeleoy. smoothness KPIvalues there vl ‘contact besituationswherethesmoothest — Coeanouete lap doesnot corespond tthe home: + 13037221562 fastest orthere seems tobe n0 Engulles: engineering relationship betweenthesteeing_ Sprmumpeom asthe case wth driver A ‘We wilretunto the subject fs aivrshey performance ingkcatrsin future ives, Webstesneortmumascmn DPTIMUNO