Ml TECHNOLOGY - SLIP ANGLE
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Data acquisition
Ae’ dataacuiston system
iscomposed ofa electronic
memory device hat stores vals
Ines rome vee eer
2s afunetion oftime The data
acquired can then be processed
torturer ana
The datacolected canbe
be checked rst before making
any adtioal analy. ver
perormance channels can tl us
hom the divers perfomingon
vied ino tree main categories: wack Vehicle performance channels
‘the vehicle’ vital signal, help esunderstand what the vehicle
vehicle perfomance anddiver —_fedoingwith the ferent setup
performance Te vehicle vital
signalsareallhe channels related
torelabity The chanel that ae
‘ypially included ae engine
pressure and temperature, water
temperature uel pesure, gearbox
and iferentialtompertre btery
‘voage, engine pt amb,
exhaust 93s emperture et
Vehicle perfomance chennels
aeparametesthat are vehicle
‘dams related channels such
senile spe, accelerations,
damper poston tyre temperature
and pressure ride eight, suspension
Toads, loads side slip angle, yaw
veloc, engine speed,
Diver performance channels re
parameters thatthe river controls
suchas thot bake and tering
postion and aea postin,
‘The vehi ital signaeare
themastimportant and should
Driver performance channels are
parameters the driver controls
changes But the biggest challenge
forany data acquisition engineers
hot processalths data inthe
‘rium amount of tine
Measuring up
ay pofonmancendctr I)
help achieve this objective as they
represent typeof perfomance
nearer These nets can be
‘hemcmum minimum, verge,
eration ete ofa channel
KAalow ustoreducethe
amount data and get tothe
erie so they an quickly extract.
ad vse ming ta which
aes easier titre numbers
andhighight elaionships The
{goals find pattems optimus,
redtons deviations, te
Being able to races fie,
and vile dais an essential
tof data driven eginesing
~ Sorting the rough from the
smooth with your drivers
In a brand new series of technical insights OptimumG president
Claude Rouelle focuses on a race driver's key performance
indicators — kicking off with steering wheel smoothness
‘The way in which a
eer works the whee
il tol you much
shout ot he diver
andthe racecar
isnotenlyabouteficientanasis certain amount of smoothness asto
butalsoabout quickly making the
right decisions onthe car etup
not unbalance the vehicle. How the
hiver ets rom the feck en
and.sometimes tomakethecriver__by the veileand steering wheel
attentvetosomeofthel diving wilteflect on hw fs they wl tum
habits that hey may want tomodly, the tering whee,
‘A goo dato performance Theresa strong coherence and
acqustion engineer wl fist corelaton between the tering
serve and compare and then
raw conchsions.tisvery common
foranengineertlookatthe
dota and then immediatly make
conclusion. The fist question
they need aktherea are
welooking atthe cause othe
effect KPIs wl help ule the data
engines tolookot the ight dito
The steering wheels oneof
the diver control that has aiect
reltonstip with theheading of
the vehicle Turning the steering
hed requis the divert havea
‘whee angle and vehicle response
Ifthe diver apis comections,
Something sot happening as they
expected or sitshuld be
Ina perfect worl witha pesect.
ei race ver and rac the
steering wheel angle for a constant
radius comer, would be the one
resented in Figure
ese the diver brakes atthe ial
braking pint tunsthe wheel with
‘the necessary amount of tering at
the exact steering speed generating
‘the maximum tater fore, upon
stewing Arte
Figure 1: This shows a theoretical storing wheel signal ina perect wordMl TECHNOLOGY - SLIP ANGLE
reaching the apex no corecons
‘or sllincrements of teeing
arenecesarytohave the tyes
arti ple oc tho ai tho
diver etn to zero steering ele
byoppving the same amount oF
steering and storing speed
Reality check
signal doesnt corespand tothe
idealised signal of Figure 1. The
signal wie fuzzy, nth venation m
amplitude and fequency esting
‘tom conection ofthe diver dve
tothe track rpvbumpines and
balance changes Figure 2 shows the
realdataacquiedfoma tering
hee angle sensorinacomet
‘This iscrepancy between
‘theory and eatys du to vack
imegularescriver input tye
wea car baloce conection et
‘The onlyfeadback thatthe diver
A handling problem will mean the
Thisapollesa moving averaaeto
‘ur data The user can then decide
hom they want fle the data,
‘ing tine or number fps
‘Smooth operator
Wecantnen cet the seeing
smoothnes Table whichisthe
cfeence between thesteetng
angle smoothed The ats function
suse forth cae where the
realsteenog sgl stow he
stmonthed sina snce tis would
«ve anegatve valve and cancel
Ct the postive valves when
alating he vege
‘Astionaly forthe stering
smoathness le arenot
interested ifthe criversover-oF
nderconecting thee steering Ts
ind of analysis part another
OL Theresultfthis operations
presenta a Figured
driver makes more corrections
has isthe steringfedback given
‘rom the on whee staging
torque Any variation ofthe sterng
wheel wil provide anideaofhow
much tip yaw moments stil
valle that the sensing partof
the conta lop dverinput~ cat
behavout which il cause the
tivr to counter tex fr examole,
tocorectfor oversee.
By combining thedealsed
steecing hes ange ath the
actual steering angle, we can create
‘the sterng smoothness channel
“This comesfom sng
(smoothing the raw steering wheel
angle channel to obaina smoothed
steenng da, ascan been seen in
Figure3, where ve are comparing
the actual tering wheel angle
(eves) agains the tering angle
smocthed (in oange
Thesmoothingis done by
applying mathematical fiers suchas
‘a moving average rung alps
fite.n the cas of anal sftae,
oTeC 2, we can fier the dra by
using the Smoot terse Table
vehicle ith handing problems
vallequre the divert ake more
steering comections Tis observee
inFigue 3 and Figure particulary
atthe apex Ths can bean indication
thatthe driver ishaving problems
vith the vehicle balance mid-omet
Aer caluating the steering
smoothes. an then calculate
the steering smoothness KI foreach
lap calelating the average othe
steering smoothness, tana
stanscal value 3s a measure of
‘he steering smoothness Table,
The lowerthe average value he
fener conection: the driver applies
tothe stering whet
sng te prevous denned
21 weare aon going tolookat
the steering smoothness ofthe
race ives The datas taken fom
pe
Steering Whee! Angle
r
i
i
Q
Figure 2: Real steering wheel signal acquired rom an angle sensor in aura
Steering Wheel Angle Raw and Smoothed
o pe
is
ES
E
°
* ‘Comer Entry foe ‘Comer Exit
Foe
. =
I
3 s
° comer Entry Apex Corner Exit
igure plied to under- or eer-omecti
‘Table 1: Math channels equations to create the steering smoothness KPI
Math chnsel nme Hath soa eqaton
|steeed nglesmooth _snoohStering Wie 10)
|Steving smoatness __absSteerng hee eg Steere gle Sot dei
|Sexrgsmontve 1 st reaSengSnootnes large reorgstst Ly
Efficiently being able to process, filter and visualise the data
is an essential part of good data-driven race engineeringMl TECHNOLOGY - SLIP ANGLE
Ace ptr desing | rsa tine
‘on —_ race circuit. mene Lap Time Versus Lap Number ‘versus lap number for
Fowesinowtuptirevess | guns torte aves
thelopnorber The ses pet
each driver are respectively: Driver, ae
A kop seven; Driver B lap nine; and Zins
Dikerclapsi.OmerAtasmore | Esine
conisenloptresmclsoomaly | Bases meh
foserthontesBand cen 7 Paeeg
lap As the session progresses, the me fa: « on by una tw
tp ons nen rae, =
pny anne,
POT save Steering Smoothness Seana
mosterssent esvoraoncthe | 128 {ier uae
Sevingimoatness minimis | anna .
Seceabgeia.oneaand — [ZS 7d
Chueangreranaoncite, |
steering smoothness and there s Sues a
_a dear correlation between the lap State
Semttencompunenter | wna somec
Thesmoater bath dives ee a a a a a
beret me rer bo sa nica np
The trick is to
“ Steering Smoothness ao
find what works | . sewing ties
a vee pnt
best for you jo
and your team I-
saeutohaveseodstontinnin | $2 Sore
srookoexsesitingwatt, | "san Sats.
Moreau ee Doping . oe ew a wee
nteypet es hee bea ot
Incead feeling he ering
smoothness KP versus apie,
‘anal be displayed versus the
lop number Figure 7
‘The dference between this
hartand the previous one that
we getanidea tow tnesteenng
simoahness progresses asthe race
sesion goes on, Based on tis
‘ale we could ao se how the
steering smoothness evolves 351
degradation progresses,
Natceable points aretha each
hiver fastest ps Driver ap
seve: Diver 8 lap nine and Driver
laps are among thelaps where
the sterng smoothness values
rine allofthe cries are becoming
soother, but afte this al ofthe
‘ould be due to tyre wet
Data Acquisions used to
‘monitor and better understand the
ata eae working wth The vlve
‘snotin whatismeasured but
\ahat canbe done wth the measuet
ata. There are many waystodspay
\uhatismeasutedando obtain
metic. The wickis to find what
‘works best for you and your team,
“The steering smoothness KI
‘sanerampleofameticthatean
be used to quantify the steering
smoothness ofthe rae driver. can
halpthe engineer to iy entity
laps or comes of intrest
‘Ageat deal ofiformaton can
chas.na fast-paced envionment,
We must find a way to improve the speed at which
we can extract the information from our data
such as professional motorsport
the quick anajsisand decision
‘making iundamenta and we
must finda way toimprove
thespeed at which we extract
Information fom our data, KPIs
‘Optimum ofes complete
solution for testing simulating,
and improving the dypamic
perlormance of your vee.
‘Alonsuing services canbe
sub-contractor we can sinply
automate te analysis proces. (guide youraceteam tough
When comparing tering cou methodeleoy.
smoothness KPIvalues there vl
‘contact
besituationswherethesmoothest — Coeanouete
lap doesnot corespond tthe home: + 13037221562
fastest orthere seems tobe n0 Engulles: engineering
relationship betweenthesteeing_ Sprmumpeom
asthe case wth driver A
‘We wilretunto the subject
fs aivrshey performance
ingkcatrsin future ives,
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