:|RST WORD AFTER A COLON ite ‘word begins a complete sentence teat 5 SONS What? Yuck! Mark this: Anyone caught cheating will be punished. AFTER A COLON IN A FORMAL RESOLUTION Resolved: That the succeeding meetings be held every second Monday of the month. QUOTATION My father said, “Welcome to our humble hometown!” EACH LINE OF POETRY a The first time | met you ES: Dreamed | were Juliet and you, Romeo { T ALL SENTENCE TYPES My heart fluttered so fast \ Where do you live? Beaten by the love bug at last! She has arrived. -Anonymous Please come on time. Wow, it’s pretty exciting. WEEKDAYS, HOLIDAYS, HISTORICAL EVENTS, SPECIAL DAYS EPOCHS AND PERIODS Sunday Mother's Day Victorian Era World War It September Christmas ‘The Renaissance Period Ice Age ARTISTIC WORKS Sse TITLES OF PUBLICATION * ‘Aesop's Fables Free Press Women’s Magazine “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo Da Vinci “Spolarium” by Juan Luna REFERENCES TO GOD, PROPER NAMES BOOKS & DIVISIONS uaces OF THE BIBLE ndon Acts Hawaii New Test : PERSONS NAMES ea or tonal) Ephesians NAMES & ABBREVIATIONS eae Lord Almighty Sr RUSINESSES, "AGENCIES, Philippe Garceau God ¥ MOVEMENTS 0 wtedersl Bureau of Investigation) He Becton eC TIES ae (World Health Organization) General MacArthur Governor Park FIGURE NO, 31 Her Royal HighnessPERIOD ENDS IN SENTENCE THAT FRACTIONS, & STA’ TES FACTS & OPINIONS NUMERALS ron Mangoes grow in tropical regions. $4.50 P500.00 His new book will be a bestseller. (opinion) 0.005 1.50% His performance on stage was entertaining. (opinion) IONS FOLLO\ IALS &P Dr Mr AM. St St. Mrs. AD. Corp. I wonder whether my friend will arrive by bus or by train. Kindly submit your report tonight. zy The child asked if he could watch cartoons on tell her to visit me. pe a Friday night. FIGURE NO. 32was well-attended, peacefully. SEPARATE COORDINATE | ADJECTIVES THAT ARE EQUAL IN RANK a tall, attractive lady a pair of old, faded jeans abig, blue bus — ——— SEPARATE NON-ESSENTIAL INFORMATION OR EXPRESSION The party, which took months to prepare, The baby, wrapped in a soft blanket, slept Katy, a singer, passed the job interview. USED IN WORDS OR PHRASES THAT 4 INTERRUPT THE FLOW OF A SENTENCE fe could not, therefore, i nee accompany you in your She is, nonetheless, mindful of her appearance. | | |wonder, my dear, if you could drop by today? SEPARATE PARTS OF DATES, ADDRESSES | He was born on July §, 1959, | ive in Toa Payoh, Singapore. MILD INTERJECTION | My, it is bothersome. Eew, look at that dirt. AFTER SALUTATION OF BEFORE A TAG QUESTION AT THE END OF A STATEMENT You went to the dentist, didn’t you? Sheena dances well, doesn’t he? ‘SET OFF WORDS USED IN DIRECT ADDRESS Mr. Peters, | am glad to meet you. Take your time, son, A FRIENDLY LETTER & CLOSING OF ALL LETTERS Dear Troy, Yours truly, Dearest Sarah, Sincerely yours, BEFORE A CONJUNCTION TO SEPARATE TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE My cousin loves to go out and meet People, but her sister prefers to stay ‘ome and watch videos. SEPARATE ITEMS IN A SERIES (words, phrases & clauses) Words in a series: | like cats, rabbits, dogs, and birds. Phrases: He whiles away the time by reading a book, watching documentaries, or playing online games. Clauses: The lady dislikes men who do not listen to advice, who disrespect elders, and who boast about their achievements. BEFORE A QUOTATION My mother said, “Learn to labor and to wait.” BEFORE INTRODUCTORY WORDS, PHRASES OR CLAUSES ‘At the end of the program, everyone stood up. To hit the high notes, | do vocal exercises. If you take this supplement, you will recover quickly. FIGURE NO. 33WUE cap Min Rog (MMe OME aT ‘anidea already introduced atthe ), | beginning of the senter xX BEFORE A LIST OF ITEMS ~~ FOLLOWING AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE The salesman showed us the following tools: a hammer, a saw, and a shovel. — ST intropuce A SENTENCE THAT SUMMARIZES OR EXPLAINS THE SENTENCE BEFORE IT His reason for his absence was flimsy: He stayed up late the night before, She shared with me some of her experiences: sleeping on the floor, eating without utensils, and lifting huge crates with bare hands. BEFORE AN ANNOUNCEMENT Now hear this: The deadline will be at 9:00 A.M. on Tuesday. INTRODUCE A FORMAL APPOSITIVE THAT FOLLOWS AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE had finally chosen an exciting activity: viogging. Our coach has one downside: bad temper. FOR EMPHASIS This much | know: You obey the order or you will be in trouble. INTRODUCE A FORMAL QUOTATION WITHOUT “HE SAID/SHE SAID” EXPRESSION cor drilled this important lesson in our head: SPECIAL WRITING), My mente ‘i Soa “Only flexible people succeed in life’ os SALUTATION TIME 7:00 RM. Dear Sir: Dear Governor Smith: TITLES/SUBTITLES BIBLE REFERENCES Recollections: My Life as a 4 Corinthians 15:3 Vagabond. FIGURE NO. 34SEMICOLON It connects independent clauses closely related in thought and structure. she members of the technical working group are John Lucas, District 1; Martin Ong, District 3; Paul Davis, Itis eae eliminate the possibility Disctrict 9,and Robert White, District 12. Saiee tsrnal Eaeate USED BETWEEN ITEMS LISTED IN A SERIES ‘such as commas. IF EACH OF THE ITEMS IS FOLLOWED BY APPOSITIVE MATERIAL LINKS TWO RELATED INDEPENDENT CLAUSES NOT JOINED BY CONNECTS RELATED A INDEP| IT CLAUSES iONER ae. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB CONJUNCTION and, but, or, so, for, nor, or yet hence onthe other hand nevertheless therefore however Infact Rhea danced with her husband, Moreover for example INCORRECT: her sister sang with her friend, Ieornect, ! have been to Singapore many times, however, | have ‘ot yet visited Universal Studios. Connect; |! have been to Singapore many times; however, | have ‘ot yet visited Universal Studios. He correct: Rhea danced with her husband; her sister sang with her friend. 'Neorecr; Connect; ‘not win the plum award, nevertheless, he had gained new friends. He did not win the plum award; nevertheless, he had gained new friends. (ote that thee conjunctive adverbs however and nevertheless are not “talted. They are also set off by 4 comma in the second clause.) FIGURE NO, 35COMBINATIONS WITH PREFIXES (cx, self, anti, pro) ex-convict self development anti nuke NOUN sister-in-law attorney-at-law ADJECTIVE onion-skinned child green-eyed monster ADVERB VERB ‘open-mindedly window-dress TWO-WORD NUMBERS FROM 21-99 WRITTEN OUT thirty-eight forty-five PREVENTS MISREADINGS OF CERTAIN WORDS ‘The medical aide re-treated the wound. (treat again You need to re-press it. (press again) DIVIDES WORDS AT THE END OF A LINE (handwritten or typed words that do not fit the paper margin) BEFORE A SUFFIX tion -ment “less AFTER PREFIXES ving Soar pre-Renaissance CONSONANTS Panta oc-cur-rence . cop-per middle profes-sor FIGURE NO. 36TO CLARIFY OR EMPHASIZE APPOSITIVE MATERIAL Our guests two Malaysians, four Japanese and one German ~ toured the facility AFTER INTRODUCTORY LIST OR SERIES TO SET OFF AN A singer, movie actress, and radio talent ABRUPT INTERRUPTION Amanda garnered the Artist of the Year award. IN A SENTENCE Her new cellphone—didn’t she buy it just three months ago? —has been stolen, END A SENTENCE BEFORE A NAME USED WITH LIST OR SERIES ___ AFTER A QUOTATION She is proficient in content writing, graphic design, ‘lam what | do.” and digital marketing—all the skills our company — Mayor Irving Cruz bose ania “Ask not what your country can do for You, ask what you ean do for your country,” — John F. Kennedy FIGURE NO. 37PLURALS OF LETTERS, NUMBERS, SYMBOLS & WORDS SINGLED OUT FOR SPECIAL ATTENTION Your p's and q's are hard to distinguish. The F's and E's in the figure are fading. Don’t use so many but’s and if's. cannot are not will not should not we are lam he will she is you are he would itis/it has they are Isn’t it an exciting movie? (is not) It’s been submitted. (It has) A's not mine. (It is }) VLU _ _ —_— _— — SHOWS POSSESSION men's clothes ladies’ group Martha's vacation home APOSTROPHI can't aren't won't shouldn't tm he'll she's you're he'd it’s they're DATES/NUMBERS The class of 95 will host the alumni homecoming. Do you still remember the highlights in 89?ny boss exclaimed, magnifice the helper beamed. Her poem was titled "Of Love and War! that a comma is not ; ; ; Led pei exclamation mark) My favorite poem is “Trees” by Joyce Kilmer, us QUOTATION MARKS “Iwill answer your question in a little while after | take my lunch,’ the professor said, “This ointment has a strong odor; he explained, “but itis effective: “Uift"is a British word for elevator. 'nour country, Auntie*is an endearment for older women. FIGURE NO. 39J agree with the journalist's report Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was a famous American poet, about the dismal state of education DATE OF PERSON'S in the country (see related story on page 5). BIRTH & DEATH Inthe next five months, my 4 NSER singing prowess will take me to U ORE, (1) Sydney, Australia; (2) New Cr Delhi, India; (3) Sa0 Paulo, Brazil and (4) Buenos Aires, Argentina. NUMBERS MAKING ASERIES LETTERS MAKING A SERIES The kids may opt to play (a) table tennis, (b) basketball, or (c) soccer. ADD SUPPLEMENTARY USED IN QUOTING INFORMATION or SOMEONE ELSE EXPLANATION (The information the parentheses set off are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. They can actually be omitted without changing the meaning of the subject.) [ ] Dr. Jose Rizal's novels (all written in Spanish) sparked revolutionary sentiments among Filipinos during the Spanish period. My mother (She's the best cook) whipped pa delicious pasta for our Sunday picnic. INSERT CORRECTIONS IN A QUOTED MATERIAL FIGURE NO. 40ae PARENTHESES & BRACKETS. parentheses 4, Ifa phrase of a declarative sentence is interrupted by another declarative statement which is set off in parentheses, do not capitalize the first letter of the interrupting statement and do not put a period before the parenthesis. examples: My friend’s bedroom (we used to play make-believe games there) has been renovated. The basin (my brother cleaned it yesterday) is filled with mud. 2. Use an initial capital and an end mark if a question or exclamation interrupts a sentence. Examples: Lady Gee (What a performer!) wowed the crowd with her vocal prowess. Charlie Green (Isn't he adorable?) is a promising young artist. 3. Inasentence that includes parentheses containing additional information, place any punctuation that belongs to the main sentence after the parentheses. Examples: The committee members approved the proposal (after careful consideration), and started the project right away (with so much excitement). The Korean football team won the championship (despite the star player’s injury). Brackets Brackets are used for clarifications (or insertion of additional information) in a quoted material. Example: The witness said, “The suspect was still at the crime scene when the arson investigators arrived (Wednesday, August 26, 2009 at 1:30 A.M.].” Brackets are also used to cite an error ina quoted material using the Latin word sic, which means “thus”, Example: The Mayor wrote, “The principle [sic] problem is poverty.” What differentiates parentheses from brackets? Parentheses are used to make insertions in our own writing; Brackets are used to make insertions in other people's quotations. 181