\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\title{óptica}
\author{jortizr1998 }
\date{August 2020}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\section{PROBLEMAS}
4.43. Pruebe que
\begin{equation}
t_{\perp} + (-r_{\perp}) = 1
\end{equation}
para toda $\theta_{b}$ partiendo primero de las condiciones de contorno y después
de las ecuaciones de Fresnel.

Solucion.

de las condiciones de contorno tenemos que

\begin{equation}
[E_{0r}]_{\perp} + [E_{0i}]_{\perp} = [E_{0t}]_{\perp}
\end{equation}
despejando $[E_{0r}]_{\perp}$
\begin{equation}
[E_{0i}]_{\perp} = [E_{0rt}]_{\perp} - [E_{0r}]_{\perp}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
1 = \frac{[E_{0t}]_{\perp}}{[E_{0i}]_{\perp}} - \frac{[E_{0r}]_{\perp}}
{[E_{0i}]_{\perp}}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
[\frac{E_{0t}}{E_{0i}}]_\perp - [\frac{E_{0r}}{E_{0i}}]_\perp = 1
\end{equation}
tenemos que $[\frac{E_{0t}}{E_{0i}}]_\perp = t_{\perp}$
\begin{equation}
[\frac{E_{0r}}{E_{0i}}]_\perp = r_{\perp}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
t_{\perp} - r_{\perp} = 1
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
t_{\perp} + (-r_{\perp}) = 1
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
r_{\perp} = -\frac{Sin(\theta_{i}-\theta_{t})}{Sin(\theta_{i}+\theta_{t})}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
t_{\perp} = \frac{2*Sin(\theta_{t})Cos(\theta_{i})}{Sin(\theta_{i}+\theta_{t})}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\frac{2*Sin(\theta_{t})Cos(\theta_{i})}{Sin(\theta_{i})+\theta_{t}}-[-
\frac{Sin(\theta_{i}-\theta_{t})}{Sin(\theta_{i}+\theta_{t})]}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 t_{\perp} + (-r_{\perp}) = \frac{2*Sin(\theta_{t})Cos(\theta_{i})
+Sin(\theta_{i}-\theta_{t})}{Sin(\theta_{i}+\theta_{t})}
\end{equation}
usando la identidad
\begin{equation}
Sin(\alpha \pm \beta) = Sin(\alpha)Cos(\beta) \pm Cos(\alpha)Sin(\beta)
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
Sin(\theta_{i} - \theta_{t}) = Sin(\theta_{i})Cos(\theta_{t}) -
Cos(\theta_{i})Sin(\theta_{t})
\end{equation}
apricando un poco de algebra tenemos que
\begin{equation}
\frac{Sin(\theta_{i}+\theta_{t})}{Sin(\theta_{i}+\theta_{t})} = 1
\end{equation}
\end{document}