Engineering Mathematics Volunne 2 DIEGO INOCENCIO TAPANG GILLESANIA Gul Engineer BSCE, LIT ~ Magne Cura Laude sth Plice, PICE National Students’ Quiz, Awardee, Most Outstanding Student, 1989 3rd Place, CE Board November 1989 Review Director & Reviewer in all Subjects Gillesania Engineering Review Center Reviewer in Mathematics and General Engineering Ssiences MERIT Philippines Review, Manila Author of Various Engineering Booksto my mother iiuminade, my wife imeida, and my children kim deunice, ken dainiel, and karla denise Engineering Tableof ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Contents Table of Contents Part 1: Deen! oe Limits L Hospital's Rule. Gillesunia’s Principle on Limits, Diiferentiation Formules ‘Algebraic Function Logarithmic and Exponential Furctors. ‘Trigonometric Functions é Inverse Trigonometric Functions : ere Hyperbolic Functions. Inverse Hyperbolic Functions ‘ Slope of the Curve ee Rate of Change. Curvature and Hadius of Curvature Circle of Curvature oven z Graph ofa Function Points of Infleation. fa Applications of Maxima and Minime. rm ‘ Vatiabie Relationships for Maximum o: Minimum Values Time Rates, hase Basic Time Rates.vcnene i PROBLEMS Set - Limits, Differentiation, Set2 = Maxima & Minima, Tim ie af Change Seelat2) Rates Rl ai Part 2: Integral Calculu Intogration Formulas hee “Algebraic, Exponential, and Logerithmic Functions. ‘Trigonomettic Functor Inverse Trigorometric Functions. Hyperbolic Functions Other Functions Integration by Parts Substitution... Wallis’ Formula‘Table of Engineering TI contents Mathematics Vol.2 Plans Area = ee arena slog Vertes! Strip : a ec Using Hosizonel Sip 3 eee otes By Polar Coordinates. : 65 Are of Some Polar Curves ‘ Umpth of Are Doo Cenleoal ptane Areas as Using Horizonial Scip : eee a7 Using Vertical Stipa o Gortroid of Parabole Segment and Spardel. eae Momsen of neti of Plane Areas (Fist Moment of Arca) 7 Polar Moment of Inertia... meant iB Product of Inertia son eens 8 Mass Moment of Inertia Corinne Properties of Commen Shapes eli i a) Solis of ReVOLUION sav a Poe eea Volume Using Circular Disk srcssnsnannn fe a Volume Using Hallow Cylindrical Shell 7 Surface Area. rae ih te 73 Volume of Other Solids with Known Cross Sections... Centroid of Volume Centzoid of Common Solids... Work Constant Farce, ‘Work Under Varlable Force. Work to Stretcha Spring ‘ Work in Winding Up a Load PROBLEMS Set 3 - Integration a Set4—Plane Areas, Volumes, Surfaces, Conttoid, Ete smn 94 Part 3: Differential Equation 119 Definitions ni as 119 Variable Separable EN To) Differwstial Equation of type dy/dx = fs) 119 Differential Equation of type dy/dx =fly) 120 Differential Equation of type dys = fa) 0) ‘ neat Differential Equation of type dO/adt = kQ. 220 Homogeneous First Ocder Differential Equation, sete a Linear First Order Difierential Equation. psa anne: Lineat Second Orsler Diferential Equation... ned Engineering Table of yyy ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Contents Exact Differential Equetion Bernoulli's Equation... Finding the Differential Equation from a General Solution Some Applications of Differential Equation. Population Growth. Exponential Growth and Devay Cooling and Heating Problems. Flow Problems Continuous Compound Interest Motion Problems. PROBLEMS: Set 5 - Differ al Equation ancl Application. Part 4: Engineering Mechanics «v0 Definitions = Online of Engineering Methotie Sins ie eee Hesutant of Force System. Resultant of Two Cancurent Coplana Fores. : apallgt oe Tuo or ove Concurrent Corian Forces asalint & Covcurer roreeers are Resultant Of Parallel Frees ecenmrarasecie Equilibrium of Forces. Ginaral Conditions Equiibrki of Two oF More Concustent Forces ion gull af Tiree Coplanar ors Parabolic Cables : Cables under Concontrated Loads Friction. Properties of Secion Centroid of Plane Area. Center of Gravity of Fat Plates Geniroid of Composite Figares.. Moment of inenio. : Polar Moment of Inertia cree Radius of Gyravion safer Formula fr Moment of IMertB nnn ‘Moment of inemi with Respect to uclined Axi Moke’ Circle for Moment of inertia...Table of Engineering TV contents Mathematics Vol. 2 Dytaniles., ranches of Dynamics, Kinematics... Translation .. Restilinear Translation Uniform Motion. Variable Acceleration... Free-Falling Body. Curvilinear Translation... ‘Motion Curves Rotation... Uniform Motion Uniform Acceleration. Kelationship between Translation and Rotation, Kinet ana esc Newton's Laws of Motion... D Alemborts Principle Centrifugal Force Conical Penduium Banking of Curves Ideal Angle of Banking... Horizontal Rotating Platform. Work and Energy nssunuin Impulse and Momentum ssi Law of Conservation of Momentum Coelficiont of Restitution. PROBLEMS Sot 6 - Translation and Rotation Sct 7 — Kinetics, Work, Eneigy, Monetary, Bt. Part 5: Strength of Materials. SimpleStress| Normal Sze. Shearing Stres Bearing Stes. Thin-Walled Pressure essels. Thin-Wolled Cylindrical Voss Spherical Shell rns ‘Thick-Welled Cylinder Simple Stain 3 Stress-Strain Diagram + ‘Table of Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 contents V sformetion. sonid ‘Axial Deformeti a Shearing Defortration., Poisson's Ratio x. Biaxial Deformation. Triaxial Deformation ‘Therinal Stress Torsion. A “Torsional Shearing Stress. Angle of Twist Power Transmitted by the Shafi Torsion on thir-Walled Tubes. Helical Springs.sn.nn ‘A.M, Wabl Formula. Springs in Series cayenne Springs in Parallel cs Shear and Moment in Beams Statically Determinate Beams... Statically Indeterminate Beams, Shear and Moment Diagrams... Felationship between Load, Shear, and Moment. Properties of Shear and Moment Oi gram§ Strasses in Bears a ee Radios of Curvature Hexure Formula. Shearing Stress Formule, Superimposed Beams... pacing of Rivets or Bolt in B Economie Sectlons ov Combined Stresses... Combined Axial ard Flexure. Kern of Section, Combined Axial ard Shearing Stress Stresses on an inclined Plane... Migh's Circle. Combined Torsional and Flexural Stress. PROBLEMS. j Set8 - Stross, Strain, Torsion, Shear te Moment, FtcCe ss f Table of Engineering papacecing Table of yyy VE contents Mathematics Vol. 2 Mathematics Vol. 2 Seeernty | - ; : Tues Part 6: Fluid Mechanics Oneeand Ta = Properties of Fluids Unsteady Flow... satan ee eee Unit Weight Wate ninsenninninnnaines m0 Moss Density Hyérodynamicn. 2 Density of Gases. Diag Force... Specitic Volume PROBLEMS se Specific Gravity Set Fuld Mechanics... Viscosity. Surface Tensk ce rene idea Droplet of Liquid ae os 258 Part 7; Engineering Economics apillarty 2 : Bull Modul of Hart : ee eo ae Pete te Slot aie SOOM reg Simple Interest en Chatle’s Law ene 260 Ordiaryand sat Simple interes Pressure Disturbances «0000 erersieyneeeunsnpret 260, RTT EARS eae Continuous Compounding Nominal and Bfiective Rates of Interest. Equivalent Nominal Rates. Anmuity. soins Types of Arnuity Ordinary Annuity Beferted Annuity oon: Annuity Due. Perpetuity. Uniform Gradient Arithmetic Gradient... Geometric Gradient 5 Capitetized Cost and Annual Cost... Cost Comparison of Different Alternatives Depres Methods of Computing Depreciation, Straight line Method... Sinking Fund Method, San of the Years’ Digit Method Declining Balance Method. ‘Double Declining Balance Method Capital Recovery (Depletion). 2 Unit Presta Veriations in Pressure. Pressure below Layers of Different Liquids Total hydrostatic Pressure Total Hydrostatic Pressure on Plane Succes. Total Hydrostatic Pressure on Curved Surfaces. Buoyancy. soca Relative Equilibrium of Liquids... Horizontal Motion Indlined Metion Vertical Motion... Rotation, Fluid Flaw and Pipes Flow Rate Continuity Equa Reynolds Number Energy Eouation, Rerouli’s Energy Theorem... Head Lost in Pipe Flow. Darey-Weisbach Formula Manning's Formula Hazen William's Forma Minor Head Lost Pipes in Series Pipes in Parallel, Equivalent Pipes 262Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 Set 10 - Simple and Compound Interest... Set 11 - Compound Interest, Annuity. oe Sel 12 - Depreciation, Capitalized Cost. Bonds, Ftc Part PROBLEMS Set 13 ~ Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry Set 14 ~ Calculus, Physies, Mechanics, Economies Sot 15 ~ Miscellaneous Problems, Set 16 ~ Miscellaneous Problems. ements and Miscellaneous Problems.. a7 Engineering Part 1 fie ics Vol. 2. Differential Caleukas Part 1 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS Limits Theorems on 1. LE ffs) = ,0 constant then lim fx) = Limits 2) Let tim (fla) =Aand im, (3) = B, then; 2 lim Kk fl) = kA, k being constant. 3 tO) # ge] = Hin JG) = tim gts) = AB 4. lm (9) g@] = Lim @) tie g) =AB. fey MLO OW sens Se tim fF) = xfim 7G) = VA, provided VA is ‘a real number. Li Hospital's Rule fais a number, if fx) and g(x) are differentiable and (indeterminate 1g(x) + 0 forall x on some interval 0 < |2 a) <¢ and type 0/0) if Tim fis) = 0 and lim g(x) = 0, then, when (2), om 8G im LG) sg) Gillesania’s To evaluate the lim f(x), substitute for xa value that Principle for Limits 5 very close tow then usea calculator.2 Parez Engineering Differential Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Thatis) For x 2, substitute For x ->-5, substitute x = 49999 or -5.0001 For x +0, substitute x = 0.00001 For x -> «, substitute x ~ 99999 0001 Consider the following examples ow 8 Substitute x 2.9999 (2.9999)* -81 107.99 = 108 (2.5599) =3 Ex.2: Lim G = 0.49999 = 0.5 Ex.3 oon Substitute x= ‘cot(0,0001) oi[2(0.0001; Bed: lim £2 3 sin?x Substitute x Note: set your calculator to radian mode 0.0001)! sin? (0.0001) - (0.0001) 025 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS In the following formulas i, v, and tw are differentiable functions of x and. and n are constants Algebraic Functions Dilferential C Logarithmic & Exponential Functions a 3, tog, 1s d 10.5 login) * loge Au) ak (a!) = atingPart 1 4 pifecenviaicateutus I ————————— Trigonometric, Functions Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Hyperbolic Functions edna, meuiraCay 15. 4 Giny) ~ coo Se (651) =-siny 16, 4 (coon) : 4 (anw)= sect y 4 rn rn 78, 4 (o1x) ty foe u) = se0u fant Ay 2 a l ‘ dx 4 (ese u) = csc u cots u) Ch aul 8c U Cot tt oes d d(u)/ dx 21, (aresin a) = & cer Os vine arctan uy = edd 23. (ora iy = MME vcoti = Heide L accot y= Ale (arcsec) = “DLs uu? =1 26. © (arceseu) = (Ginhy) = cosh. é aya Goth u) =-esen®y ix « ! Le ci = sinh uw Hu, de (cosh x). uh oH 30. (eech nj =-s0ch «tanh vw dx dy x al (tanh u) = sect 7 du) sch) =- sinh ae takes cca OY" Tanne Feet SONA ORE yh aR a alu) fae 33, 4 (avesinh x)= eS lena a dla) a4 & cartamn = SOE WE: 35. (orcosh ) - SOLE 36 Z (arcsec = a 2 alu dx 37. A (recat) = ES = d = fx 38, £ (arcesch w) = ca Vai where aresinhx= In(x+VF°41) ) arccosh x~ In(x+¥s?—1) Bea arcianhr= Find arcvothx= din=4 +vi—x? gee vi+x? arecsthx= Inst2*— x30 5Part 6 Differeneial Caleulus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SLOPE OF THE CURVE RATE OF CHANGE CURVATURE. AND RADIUS OF CURVATURE Circle of Curvature “The slope of the curve y = f(s) al any point 1s idemtical to the derivative ofthe function © or a! Slope atany point = = SE de ‘The derivative ofa function is icentical toils zate of change. Thus, the rate of change of the volume (V) Of a sphere with respect tots radius () 4V/ér CURVATURE Curvature refers to the rate of change of the direction of the curve. ‘Thus, a circle with a smaller radius has great curvature, or is sharply curved. ‘The eurvature, kof the curvey = (6 : heey Tr? where y” is the second derivative of the and |p is the absolute or positive value of y RADIUS OF CURVATURE ‘The radius of curvature, p, is the reciprocal of the curvature, k, or: 1 Beppe ate Wi At any point on a curve y = fix), where y! and exist andy" #0, there is associated with tie curve a circle, which is called the circle of curvature with the following equation: (eh) + ly)? =p ‘The cenier (1, A) and radius p of the curve ts Ley Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 GRAPH OF A FUNCTION F(x) ‘The graph of a function y =/(s) may be plotted using calculus. Consider the graph shown below. ‘As x increases, the curve rises if the slope ia positive, as of arc AB; it falls if the slope is hhegative, as of arc BC. Relative Maximum and Minimum Points Ata point such as B, where the function i algebraically. greater than that at any_neighkori point, the point is sald to haye a maximum vak and the point is called a maximum point (relative 69 adjacent points). Siinilafly, at D the function has a minimum yalue (relative to adjacent points) At maximum or minimum points, the tangent is horizonial or theslope is zero. ty # <7 =0 at This does not necessarily mican that at these points the function is maximum or minimum. Ttdees only mean that the tangent fs parallel to the x-axis, or the curve ie either couewve up or coueioe down. The points at which dy/de = 0 are called eritical points, ad the corresponding valucs of are erica velucs "Tho second deronline of fonction i the rae of change of the fis! dertative or dope. It follows that as. ¢ ifetenses andy is positive yi increasing and he tangent turns tn a counlerelockwise direction and the curve s concave upward. When "is negative YY" decrenses and the tangent turns in a clockwise direction and the curves concave downward ity = Dandy’ is negative (.e-y’ <0) the point sa sienna Gave coven If y’ = O.and y” is positive (y" > 0), the point is a minimum point (concave upward).Part 1 8 Differential Calculus Points of Inflection’ APPLICATIONS OF MAXIMA AND MINIMA Steps in Solving Maxima Minima Problems: Bramble Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 A point of inflection Is @ point et which the curve Changes from concave upward to concaye downward, or vice verse (see point £ from the figure). At these points, the tangent changes {is rotation from clockwise to counterclockwise or vice ‘At points of infleciion, the second derivative of y is zero (y" = 0) ‘Asan example, the area of a rectangular lot, expressed in termes ofits length and width, may also bbe expressad in terms of the cost of fencing. Thus, he area can be exprested as A = f(z). The common ak here is to find the valuo of x that will give a maxiinum value of A, To find this value, we set aa/ds =O 1 ify the variable tbe maximized or minimized, say area 2. Express this variable in terms of the other relevant variable(s), say A =/(23). 3. If the function shall consist of more that one variable, expressed it in terms of one variable (if Secale) using the conditions in the preblem, fay A= ls) 4, Differetiate and equation to zero, dA/ilx=0. ‘A food manufacturer packages his product in 1-iter cans that are right circular cylinders. If the material for the top costs five times as much per square centimeter as that used! for the bottom andi side, find the dimension of the can ifthe cost of the material is, to be minimum. The variable to be minimized is the cost Let C= total cost of materials cost of materials for the sides and bottom 5{ = cost of materials at the top acius of the cylinder ‘y= height of the eylinder Cost, C= cost of top +cost of cides and bottom C= ax x 5k [eat + 2eay) xk C= onixt + 2nkry Express y in terms of x Volume = x¥'y =1 liter = 1000cm? Differentiate and equate to zero: Se yes mae x ‘Toem (radius) y= 22.55.m (height) VARIABLE RELATIONSHIPS FOR MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM. VALUES Minimum length of ladder leaning against 3 building with one end on the ground outside the wall 2 = 2/2 xt? ‘or maximum area (to admit the most light) of « Norman window of given perimeter For maximum area of a rectangular window surmounted by 2 right isosceles triangle of known, perimeter.10 Parta Differential Caleulus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 > mo Closes D Open top For maximum viewing angle 0 af an object b x= val Minimum length £ of line tangent to an ellipse +b For minimam perimeter of a rectangular lot of known area te be fenced on three sides only xe2y For minimum perimeter of a rectangle of known area or for maximum area for known perimeter x=y (square) Note: For a given area of rectangle, the square has the LEAST PERIMETER, OR for a given perimeter of rectangle, the square has the LARGEST AREA. Maximum volume of a CLOSED (both: ends) cylindrical tank of given surface area, or minimum sitriace area for given volume Diameter = height en 4 Maximum volume of 2 OPEN (one end) cylindrical tank of given suiface area, or minimum surface area for given volume Diameter =2 height D=h For maximum volume of 2 closed rectangular box ‘with given sum ofall edges or given total x-y=z (cube) Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Part 1 calculus 11 Difler Maximum volume of open (one end) rectangular box of square base and given surfece area, or minimum surface area for given volume. Fora rectangle of maxim ar ne cut toma Grclech radiuer or perimeter that xry (square) For the strongest (stffest) rectangular beam that can be cut from log of radius r wads For maximum capacity of a trapezoidal gutter or canal of known perimeter, or minimum perimeter of known capacity Ahualf-reguler hexagon For maximum volume of a right circular cone with known lateral area, or minimum lateral area for known volume naz For the largest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse if 2 yah) i2 Weight of Heaviest cylinder that can be cut from a phere of weight IV, or largest cylinder that can be cut from a sphere of volume V Wor =W/ Voi= V/ v3Part 12 Differential Calculus Strongest beam that can be section Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Largest rectangle that can be cut from a given triangle Longest beam that can pass through a corridor Y BA = i + ph Smallest cone that can inscribe a sphere of radius r sind=1/3 Largest cylinder that can be inscribed in given h Bi Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 Closed TIME RATES Portl 45 Differential Calculus For minimum cost of closed cylindrical tank of known volume or maximum volume for 2 given cost, Costof ends Sees * Base Diameter Height = st rectangle that can be inscribed in 2 semi- be 2h For minimum length of wire running from the top. af one posto thestake onthe ground and tothe top of another post For maximum product of » numbers whose sum is A,each number is * and the maximum product is (ayny For maximum product of x" ys where x+y = K: K K = a Ifa quantity x is a function of time t, the Hime rate of thange of x15 given by dade, When two or more quantities, al functions of 4, are related by an equation, the relation between their rates of change may be obtained by cifferentiating both sicles of the equation with respect to f14g Patz Engineering Differential Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Basic Time Rates yoicity 9 < dt where $ is the distance Acceleration, a= 2 it ie Discharge, Q= whe! at e Vis the volumeat any time eters trae anayers Engineering Patt 45 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Differential Caleulus Problems - Set 1 Limits, Differentiation, Rate of Change, Slope PROBLEM I-1 Byatuate m(2—sid20)!2 is C2 BT D3 PROBLEM 1-2 MEAPH 19% Simplify the expressions: lim: : iy eases at gad Al co bis D. 16 PROBLEM 3 , CE Nov. 1997 Evaluate the following init li 4.4/5 a B. idtinty D PROBLEM 1=4 Evaluate the limit (¢-4)/(32-= 12) as v approaches ICE apal 1938 AO eo ee B. undefined D. infinity EM 1-5 aluate the limit (in 3)/v as x approaches: positive ECE Nov. 1097 infinity At cre BO D. infinity PROBLEM 1-6 sa Ost 1907 Evaluate the following limite lim ==, Ad co B. indefinite D2 PROBLEM 1-7 1s TE April 1995 Bvaluate: tiny =082 AO @ Bis Dia PROBLEM 18 ECE Now. 1994 E raluate the following: lint (2~x)!@5 A infinity aeo Bd De16 Patt DifferentiatCateutiis Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 PROBLEM T => PROBLEM 1-10 prowl 1-1 PROBLEM 1-12 PROBLEM 1-13) ME April 1996, PROBLEM 4-14 ME Apal 1996 PROBLEM 1-15, ME April 1996 PROBLEM 1-16 ME pil 1997, PROBLEM 1-17, CE NOW, 1995 Find uy/dx ity = 5 A. 53" Ind B58 in25 Find dy/ix iy fale Ahk ME D pee Find dy/dtif y=ai +3044 andx=A+2 Aerie Cap + ia) Bea Dae! Evaluate the first derivative of the implicit function: 4e1+ 2xy+ P= 0 A ay a tty my ry Blea aera By) Ch ei eee Ona oe ae Pee me DEfs) = (x? 10x -1) BES = tt eye 2)? Tfaisa simple constant, what is the derivative of y=x? Aax Gat B. (a-1)x D ax Find the derivative of the function 2x? + 8x + 9 with respect to PRs Whats the fist clerivative dy/idx of the expression . Dfty)= 2548 Di Df) ~ 4+8 lesiarinaiye tee yieleany @ BO Dials Find the detivative of +1)9/x ‘A eee c xt)? ay zg = 9 Sea Gaye 5 Mey! ¥ Engineering Part 1 Differential Calevlus 27 Mathematics Vol. 2 FOUEN LTS Gian eequalionsy=(e™=)s Andy ECE Nov. 1996 Oe 3. 2ina) x Biden PROBLEM 1-19 Find the derivatives with respect to = of the function ME April 1998 ae A -2e/ y2-3r? Cans fea B, x / v2-a5? D.3x/ \2-3? PROBLEM 1-20 Differentiate ax‘ + b to the ¥4 power. IME April 1998) ‘A. ax © 2ar+p B, Dax Di ere 2b PROBLEM 1-21 Find dy/dxify = Invx A. vx /Inx 1/2 BL x/inx 2/x PROBLEM 1-22 PROBLEM 1 -23 ME Apel 1997 PROBLEM 1-24 PROBLEM 1-25 ECE March 1996 PROBLEM 1 - 26 ‘CE May 1997 PROBLEM 1-27 CE Now. 1997, PROBLEM 1-28 ECE Nov, 1997 Evaluate the differential of tan 8, ‘A. Ingec8 d8 C. sec tan ao B. Incos0 40 D. sect 6 dd If y = cos.x, what is dy/ idx? AL secre sine B secx Di -sinx Frday/ee ye tie (a3 eet B. dees ins} (x x cos (In B dese) 2 ‘The derivative of In (cos x) is: A. sec x G tany Bi “eee Di tans Find the derivative of arceos ts wih reapect os Pie eyaie ea a oelice Pat ial CAL TaN" fos ‘What Is the first derivative of y= arcsin 3x. oe ce 19e saci * Tos “ifs 1) find aby / x x Bal/x Bayeag Patt PROBLEM 1-29 CE May 1999 PROBLEM 1-20 ME Oat, 1997 PROBLEM 1 - 31 IME Apt 1998 PROBLEM 1 - 32 ME Apri 1998) PROBLEM 1-33 ECE April 1988 PROBLEM 1-34 ME April 1996 PROBLEM 1-35 ov, 19098 PRODURH 1-26 ME Apsil 1996 PROBLEM t -37 CE May. 1996 PROBLEM 1-38 Diflerential Calculus Engineering Mattiematics Vol. 2 Find the second derivative ofy=="atx= 2, A, 96 ©. 025 B. 0.375 D. -0875 Given the function (x) = 18 5x + 2, find the value of the feadesbotivests 2/0) Az ze) C2 B dbs be Given the function f(z) = x to the 3rd power - 6x +2, find the value of the first derivative at r= 3,/(2), AG Cy Bae D8 Find the partial derivatives with res function: w7?-5y +6, ie D, 2y Find the point in the parabola y2=4r at which the rate of change of the ordinate and abscissa are equal AWD) Cad 8 Cah D. 4) Find the slope ofthe line tangent to the carve yao. dee tat S aed os Bh bia Determine the slope ofthe curve? + yi Gry - 21-0 at 07) Be : if » 3/5. C35 ots bas Pind the slope ofthe angen oa porabulay— ata point ‘on the curve where te . re1/2 alo cya by Bt Find the slope ofthe ellipse x? + 4y2 «10y+ Ley +5 = Oat the point where y=-2+80 and x= 7. A .1654 ©. “01768 B. -0.1538 B, -01463 Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y=x1-2x2 + 8 through pail 2, 16) i Gu 31/24 B. 1/20 Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 PROBLEM 1-39) PROBLEM 1-40 CE May 1998 PROBLEM 1-41 CE May 1996, PROBLEM 1 - CE Nov, 1999 PROBLEM 1 - 43 PROBLEM 1-44 CE May 1999, PROBLEM 1 ~ 45 PROBLEM 1-45 CE Now. 1998. PROBLEM 1-4 ECE Nov. 1995 PROBLEM 1-48 CE Nov. 1957 Part 1 Different calculus 29 Tai ie slope of the tangen othe cuveye = hough poise 2, 4) aoe ee 2/3: B. 3/2 D, 2/8 Find the slope of the line whose parametric equations arex=4t+6 and y=t-1 A. e4 8 D.-H Whatlethe slope of he curves Gr-+1hy+5= 0), ‘A. 2/5 B 5/2 Find theslope of the curve y ‘A. 0.67 B15 Find theacute angle that the curve y=1 - 3e%eut the TAT G7 B. 75° D, 120° Find the angle thatthe line 2y = 9x - 18 = 0 makes with © 4270 Bizzare Find the equation of the tangentto the curve y = x+2x!/) Enough point 12) A. 7-6) +1d= 0 B. Bt + Sy +21=0 0 Whet is the radius of curvature at point (1, 2) of the curve ky? = 0? A. 621 ©. 5.66 5521 Di. 5:66 CG. bx- by Dy 3x-2y-1 Find the radius of curvature at any point of the curve y2ln (cos x) =, ne A. cos © secx B, 1.5707 Bt Determine the radius of curyature at (4,4) of the curve: yr -4y=0, 244 Ga B 25.4 D224Past 2. 20 ditferential Calculus —$_$_$__$_$_ PROBLEM 1-40 Find the radius of curvature of the curve x =y'at (1,1) GE Nos, 1999) A472 C467 B) 3.28 D527 PROBLEM 1-50 The chords of the ellipse 64 + 2542 = 1600 having equal CE Noy, 1998 slopes of 1/5 are bisected by its diemeter. Determine the ‘equation of the diameter of th A B etre sy=0 ANSWER SHEET Mathematics Vol. 2 ie ellipse, C. 5x 64y=0 D. bar + 5y=0 1. 2. B $ g 3 g 3 iB . o PBOOGHMOOOHO 55 erb «rd dp aro ard. ard > ext ard | ff 4d ard. 41 ard. gD rd TDEND 19 oD HOO MI ADO EOD Engincering Patt oy Mathematics Vol. 2 Differential Calculus Solutions to Set 7 Limits, Differentiation, Rate of Change, Slope SOLUTION1=1 Jim (I= sind asin OY? hos B tat a= SOLUTION 1-2 Ine 8 nnyore accurate is the rest Here are some values toassume:Engineeri 22 Part Engineering gineering Fatt 94 Differential Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Mathematics Vol. 2 Dilferential Calculus SOLUTION T => SOLUTION TG Aas: A fin Ans A sony? $a 140 ‘Anather Solution: (Gillesanis'sPrinciplo®) Sat x= $99,999 599999 +4 999999 —4 © (Apply LHospitas Ral ea aeati\nees 245 20)s9 5 im: lim nt ly aS SOLUTION 1 Another Solution: (Gillesania'sPrinciple®) Set x =0,9909 0.9999 (D990? + 3(@.9999)—4 = 039999 = 04= 2/5 SOLUTION 1-4 Ans C ees. Another Solution: (illesania’s Principle®) “ Set = 0.0001 = lim ira aa 17 cos(0comn x 20 Paes ies (eo? ae tim 24 = 2 (appiy Ltospias Rute) aro - fe a in ans D Jim (2x) = 1° (ndeterminatey yuo d2 rotde-1 | A 7 are Oot Another Solution: (Gillesania’s Prineiple®) Se x=99099 eppreactess)~ ‘Take the natural logarithm (in) of both sides = b 5 x In@=) = 0.14286 = 1/7 mit = tan In (2-1) = BO) ee / BN ea SOLUHON 1-5 ing 3 Aas: B fim BE In2=x) 0 ; bay ‘Asx approaches 1, M22) = 9 (appty spats rut) Set y= 909.999 (Gillesania’s Principle®) ott 11999999 _ 4 599,999 In timPart 1 24 diferential Coleulns SOLUTION 1-9 AnsiB soLuTion Ars: A $10) SOLUTION 1-1 Ans SOUUTION 1-12 Ans: B in timi Taking the exponential of both sides: Another Solution: (Gillesania‘s Principle") Set x = 0.9999 2) = (9-p.gqgqystlos9y/2p1t0/0 lim (2 1199 = @2/* sent From dat)=a"Inadu yes dy)de= 5) tn 5 (2) = 51125 y= oF From de" dyldr as <0 Vee t3y — dy/dx=2r+3 x= P42; e/a (dy/axate/d = (2x+3)(29 butx=2+2 dyfar= [208 +2) + 3)@)= 22+ 72H dy/dt= 48+ 14t First derivati Bet 2s arty + tytyy sy ty = 4x-y ¥o@rD Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 1-15 Ans A SOLUTION 1-14 Ans: & SOLUTION 1-15 Ans D SOLUTION 1-16 Ae 8 SOLUTION 1-17 Ans B SOLUTION 1-18 Ans © Part 1 Diflerencisl Caicutes — 25 tty 2 dy _ (x? -1)(0)=(4+5)12s) é ee eae fo) = 28+ Br +0 Dic) = ax+ 8 Gy) ‘Taking the natural logarithm of both Ine= in @y = xin @y) Ter(nxtiny) Lerinx+xiny Differentiate with respect to x 02rd tinge x ny x y sles iny © t=lniy MH - yasiney)/x pd wily fex?| Le]. sce?a-ere) & 7 = dase Gray? z yreey By definition ya (eaePart 1 26 Different SOlTION T=19 Ans B SOLUTION 1-20 ans B SOLUTION 1-21 ans C SOLUTION 1-22 ‘Ans. SOLUTION 1- 23 ‘ans D SOLUTION 1 =24 Ans B SOLUTION 1 - Ans C SOLUTION 1-20 Aas SOLUTION 1-27 ‘as: D Let y= axe + bv ity/dx=a@x) +0= 20x : (an 0) = sec? 040 ay yn 0s x; ie = sing y= sin (ln) dy/éx= cos (tn x4) x {tn a2) = cos (in.¥4) x x /22) dy/dx= 2 cos (in) /x From the formula: allow) _ tufts an w= cos atingcosinn , 404) ils From d(arcos) =-—# a dlatecasx) a y= aresin 3y From dfaresin u) = Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engincering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Fart1 99 Differential Calculus FOLITION 1-28 ‘ns: C SOLUTION 1-29 Ans: SOLUTION 1-30 Ans: A SOLUTION 1-31 Ansa SOLUTION 1-32 das A SOLUTION 1-33 Ans A SOLUTION 1-44 Ans: A SOLUTION 1-35 Ans A SOLUTION 1 - 36 Ans: B y=rinx y=x(1/x) +Inx()=1+Inx ye OF1/x= Vx 6) sSo5x 42 fe) -38-5 £2)-3( fie) = B= 0x42 J'G)=3-6 Atx=2: /(@)=30))-6=12-5= fle) = 39° By + 6 To get the partial derivative with respect to 3, we differentiate the function treating the other variable y as, constant ary) or 5 "The rate of change of the ordinate and abscissa is dy/d. yiaay 2y diy/dx = 4; where dy/ ds zy (1) = 4 y=2and v= 1; The point is (1,2) yrs deed Slope, dy/dx = 3x2 -2 Avy Slope, 3(1)F sty 6x-dy-21=0 Wy -6=4y AG 20) +2 y = 6/10=95 6-4y yee Slope of the curve at any point = yf = 2x Aty=1/2 y= 20/2)=12g Part Sonunian Ta Ans: SOLUTION 1 = 38 ‘Ans: SOLUTION 1 - 30, Ans: A SOLUHON 1-40 Ans: B SOLUTION 1-41 Any: a Ans: SOLUTION 1 - 43 Ans A Differential Calculus Engineering Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTON | - 41 Slope= mr th Ans: 12 P tay?- 10x 4 16y+5=0 Bae+ By (dy/ds) ~10 + 16 (dy/de) = 0 At(7, 2+ 869) 2(2) + 8(-2 + B25) dy /dtx -10 4 16 (ay fax) = 0 ayfde~ 01768 ‘The slope of the curve y = (a) at any point is dy/ds, SOLUTION = 45 yex-28+8) = 4xo-4y apes Since (6, 12} les on the given curve; the Slope = = 4(8)3 - 4(8) = 24 The slope of the curvey = (x) atany point is dy/de. Pao e4 dy =6x y=3r/ y At(2,4): Slope = y'= 362) /4--32 The slope of the ine m is equal to dy/dr Braves i hrs: 2s 4244 0 (1,0) 2() + 2(0)y'-6+10y'=0 Paap soumion 1-47 yeoaeaia, y=aueaer Ansc At (G12): y=3(b + O)2= 15, wis a 8 9= slope ofthe curveatany point = tnd Where @ is the angle that the curve makes with the horizontal The curve will cut the x-axis at (2,0) 0=1- 3x x= 0,693 (0.693), 6.99" Mathematics Vol. 2 Part1 Differential Catoulas 29 The tangent of the angle that the line carve makes with the x-axis isthe slope of the curve. The equation of the tangent is y- yi = mile 2) Solving for the slope m (y’) at (8, 12) + 20/5 Equation of line: y-12> @/ 96 fy -72= Te Fe-6y+14=0 y+lncosx=0; y=-Incosx=Insecr + SORANE Ly y Re SS sare30. Partt Differential Calculus SOLUTION Tae Ans: D SOLUTION 1 - 49 Ans: D SOLUTION 1-50 Ans D 1s)? Radius of curvature, K I yi =2/yand y= oa) p= 2/k~% =-2(1/2)/4#= /16 ne DEOLAEP 22.36 uniis Fi/i6| Avia) y =1/3andy" =-2/9 feaayr7 [2/9] Gist + 254 - 1600 Differentiate with respect to x 1Bx+50yy'=0 Where _y/~slope of the chords y=1/5 128x + 50y (1/5) =0 oly t5y=0 Mathematics Vol. 2 B72 Engineering Patt gy Mathematics Vol, 2 Differential Calculus Problems - Set 2 Maxima & Minima, Time Rates PROBLEM 2-1 A function is given below, whatx value maximizes »? ME Oct. 1997 3 A203 Bo ponies 2 The number of newspaper coples distributed ts given by CE May 1999, C= 50 f= 2004+ 1000, wire 11s In years, Find the minimum number of coples distributed irom 19%5 to 2002 A. 935) 10) BL 9800. D. 7500 PROBLEM 2-3 Given the following profitwersueprochiction function for ME Od, 1996 a certain commodity: n-ac-»- (22) iessP-9 ses a bt of rota ae Tay sno 2 ho 5 Sahn PROBLEM 2-4 ‘The cost C of a product is a function of the quantity x of IME Apel 199% the product is given by the relation: Cix) = x* - 4000x + 50. Find the quantity for'which the cost isa minimurn, ‘A. 3000 1000 2000, B 7500. PHORIEM 2-5 IFy'= to ther! power 3r, Find the maximum value of ME Apa 1998. ve “KO Ca Beal B.2: PKOBLEM 2-6 Divide 120 into two paris so that the product of one and the square of the other is maximum. Find the numbers. A. 60 & 60 C7050 B. 100820 B, 80 & 40 PRoBI If the sum of two numbers ia C find the minimum value, of the sum of their squares, AC/2 © 6 B Cys bes32 Para Differential Calculus PROBLEM 2-9 PROBLEM 2-10 PROBLEM 2-11 PROBL ECE Api 2-12 1993) PROBLEM 213 PROBLED 2-14 CE Nov, 1936 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 certain travel agency offered a tour that will cost each vetsenP 190000 nob ore a 1D Geos will join, hoivever the cost per person will be reduced by F 500 per person inexcess of 150, How many’ persons will make the © 2 D. 250 ‘Two cities A and B are 8 km and 12 km, respectively, noth of iver which une du eat, Cy Bbsing 15 km fast of A. A pumping station is to be constructed (along the river) to supply water for the two cities. Where should the station be locate 89 thatthe amount of pipe isa minimum’ A.dkmeastofA —' B. kim east ofA C Ykineast of A D, Gkmeast of A A boatman is at, which is 4.5 km from the nearest point B fon a straight shore BM, He wishes to reach, in minimum, time, a point C situated on the shore 9 km from B, How far from C should he land If hecan tow at the rate of 6 koh and, walk atthe rate of 75 kph? A.Tkm G5km Bo 3km D.8km ‘The shortest distance from the point (5,10) to the curve st 12yis 4 A. 4331 © 5127 B, 3474 D, 64 A statue 3 m high is standing on a base of dm high. If an observer's eye Is 1.5 mabove the giound, how fer should he stand from the base in order tet the aiiyle subiended by the statue is a maximum? A.3dim 8, 351m. Camm B44im ‘An iron bar 20 m long i& bent to form a closed plane area, What is the largest area possible? A. 21.56 squaremeter —C, 2856 square meter B, 25,68 square meter, 31.83 aquare meter A Norman window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by @ semi-circle, What is the ratio of the width of the rectangle to the total height so that it will yielé a. wincow adiiting the most ight for a given perimeter Ad e173 B. 2/3 D4 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 PROBLEM 2-15, ECE Nov. 1996 PROBLEM 2-16 EGE Now. 1997 PROBLEM 2-17 PROBLEM 2-18, CE May 1999 PROBLEM 2-19 ECE March 1996, New. 1998 PROBLEM 2-20 CE May 1997 PROBLEM 2- 21 GCE May 1993, Nov. 1909 PROBLEM 2- 22 Part. Different Calculas 39 TA rectangular field Is t be fenced into four equal parts, What is the size of the largest field that can be fenced this way with a fencing length of 1500 feet ifthe division is to be parallel to one side’ A. 65,200 B. 62500) C. 64.500 5. 63,300 ‘Thice sides of a trapezoid are each 8 em long, How long is the dh aide, when the area of the trapezoid has the greatest yaluc? A. 16cm) B 15cm Gan D. 10cm, ‘An open top rectangular tank with square bases is t0 fave a volume of 10 cubic meters. ‘The material for sis bottom cost P 150.00 per square meter, and that for the siclos is P 60.00 per square meter. The most economical height i: 4, 2 meters B. 25 meters ©. 3meters D, 35 motors ‘A rectangular box having a square base and open at the top {sto have.a capacity of 16823 cc. Find the height of the box to use the least amount of material. A. 1614an C 1841cm B, 3228 an D, 23.74cm ‘The altitude of a cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed ina right circular cone of radius r and height is: Ah/3 ©. 34/2 B. 2h/3 Dih/s What isthe least ammount of tin sheet, in sq. inches, that can be made into a closed cylindrical can having volume of 108 cu, inches? ‘A. 125 square meter B. 137 square meter , 150 square meter D120 square meter ‘The volume of the closed cylindrical tank is 11,3 cubic meter. Ifthe total surface area is a minimum, what is its base radius, in mi? Allat 12 B. 1.88 D. 165 ‘A cylindrical steam boiler isto be constructed haying a ‘capacity of 1000 cu, m. The material for the sides cost 2000.00 per sqiare meter and for the ends P3000.00 per square meter. Find the radius so that the cost is leastPart1 34 Differs Calculus PROBLEM 2-23, NE Apri 1998, PROBLEM 2 - 24 PROBLEM 2-25, ME Apri 1998) PROBLEM 2. 26 ME Apri 1993) PROBLEM 2 PROBLEM 2 - 29 CE May 1996. ‘A oom B 412m {A box isto be constructed from a piece of zine 20 inches quate by cutting equal squares from each corner and turning up the zine to form the side What is the volume bf the largest box thal can beso constracted? ‘A s9isDcubleinches G, 59259 eubicinches B. 579.50 euble inches, 62289 cubic inches ‘A load of 40 KN is to be raised by means of a lever weighing 250 N/m whith is supported st one end. I the load’ is placed’ 1 m from the support, how long should the lever be so that the force required be a ‘A. 13.43 m ©, 18.56 m) B, 2019 m D. 17.89 m. [As x increases’ uniformly at the rate of 0.002 feet per second, at what rate is the expression (I + x) to the 3! power increasing when x becomes 8 feet” A. 430 cfs) C. 01486 cfs B. 0:300cfs D. 0.346 cfs ‘The distance a body travels is a function of time and is, given by x()) =161 + 82 Find its velocity at ‘6 ©. 54 B56 D. 44 “The distance traveled by. a tra is given by the equation POOR ene awit the dstencin Mlomeles and {is the ime in hours. Determine the velocity ofthe train alter traveling 10 Kilometers ‘A 82 kph B1872kph ©.B5koh D, 753kph ‘An object moves along a straight line such that, after ¢ minutes, its distance from its starting point is D = 20! +5 / (E41) meters, At what speed, in m/eninute will it be moving atthe end of 4 minutes? ‘A398 C298 B. 298 D188 The speed of the traffic flowing pasta certain downtown exit between the hours of 1:00PM. and 60) PM. is approximately V = P - 10.5! + 30! + 20 miles per hour, where 1'= number of hours past noon. What ist fastest speed of the traffic between 1:00 P.M, and 600 P.M. in mph? Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Dita PROBLEM 2-30 PROBLEM 2 CE May 1997 PROBLEM 2 ~32 CE Now. 1966, PROBLEM, GE May 1995 PROBLEM 2-34 EGE April 1998 PROBLEM 2-35 Part 4 itiatCateulus 35 A 50 Cs B46 D2 ‘A yan is 5 km due north of @ busat 200 p.m. If the van is traveling northward at the rate of 60 kph and the bus is traveling westward at the rate of 75 kph, how fast will the two be separating at 5:00 p.m? ‘A. 85.36 kph ©'8.65 kph B. 9604 kp D, 10251 kph A car drives east from point 4 et 30 koh. Another car starting from B at the same time, drives $ 30° W toward A at 60 kph, Bis 30 km away from A. How fast in kph. is the distance between the two cars changing after one our? ‘A, 76.94 kph © B94kph B. 78.94 kph D. 794 kph ‘Acar starting at 1200 noon travels wos ata speed of 30 ph. Another car darting from the same point at 200 pin travels north at 45 kph Find how fest the two are Separating t 00 pm? pee co 857 Diss ‘Two railroad tracts are perpendicular with each other. At 12.00 P.M, there is a train on each track approaching the crossing at 50 kph, one being 100 km, the other 150 Jam. away irom the evassing, How fast in kph is the distance between the two trains changing at 400P.M.2 ‘A. 6808 C. 6.08 B. 67.08 D. 70.08 A balloon is rising vertically over a point A on the ground at the rate of 15 ft/sec. A point B on the ground {5 level with and 20 ft from A. When the balloon i 40 It from A, at what rate ists distance from B changing? AtYs CB its B 12ft/s DB i/s A hemispherical dome has a dismetor of 109m. A searchlight was placed at a point A located at the circumference at the base. At the middle of the dome at 8B, a balloon was released vertically at a velocity of 4 How fast is the shadow of the balloon move along the roof when the balloon is 25 mhigh? A. 64 m/s C.72m/s B dém/s D 4m/sPart 36 PROBLEM 2-35 PROBLEM 2-37 PROBLEM 2-38, PROBLEM 2-39 ECE Nov. 1995 PROBLEM 2-40, CE Nov, 1598 PROBLEM 2-41 CE May 2003. + PROBLEM 2 42 GE Now. 2002 PROBLEM 2 CE New. 2002 3 Differential Caleulus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Thine distance v from the origin attime Fis given by 1162+ 3000 + 50000, find the initial velocity when A.0 C. 5200 B, 3000, , 50000 An airplane is flying horizon‘ally at an altitude of 9000, m, An observer on the ground noticed that whan the angle of elevation of the plane is 60°, the angle decreases, at the rate of 015 radians/second. What is the velocity. ©, 1400 m/s D, 1800 m/s The surface area of the sphere (initially zero) increases uniformly at the rate of 26 sq, em. per second, Find the ate at which the radius is ineveasiag after two seconds, ‘A. 059 cm/sec ©. 01509 em/soe B, 062 em/see D, 0.82cm/see ‘The height of a sight circular cylinder is 50 inches and decreases at the rate of 4 inches per second, while 1 radius of the base is 2) inches and increases at the rate of, one inch per second. At what rate is the volume changing? infec © 1119cu.in, A isle B 1275 cn. in,/sse D. 1257 eu, in /s ‘There is a constant inflow of a liquid into.a conical vessel 15 feet deep and 7.5 feet in diameter at the top. Water is, Sain a i ae of 2 fet per minute when the vate ie & feet deep, What is Une ate ifinflow in cu ft per minute? AB ¢. 933 B 740 B62 What is the curvature of the curve 42 = 16x at the point (4.8)? ‘A 0.084 ©. 0066 B, -0.088 D. 0033 Suppose thal x years efter founding in 1975, a certain eniployee association had a membership of fx) = 100* 5 fort ota) at vat ime between 1975 and 1589 wat the membership smallest? A. 1983 C1984 B. 1985 Di. 1986 A Semetor long stee! pipe fas jis upper end leanin againet » vertical wal and lower end ena level groun lower end moves away ala constant rate of cm/s CE May 2002 PROBLEM 2-45 (CE May 2002 PROBLEM 2-46 CE Nov, 2001 PROBLEM 2-47 CENov. 2003 PROBLEM 2 CE Nov. 2003 PROBLEM 2-49 Engineering Patt 37 Mathematics Vol. 2 Diflerencta} Calculus ow fast The uppe: end moving down, tens, when the lower end is 2m from the wall? A181 C179 B 165 D. 198 PROBLEM 2-44 A particle moves according to the parametric equations: yee rep where x and y are displacements (in meters) in x and y direction, respectively and 1 is lime in_ seconds Determine the acceleration of the body after t= 3 seconds. ‘A, 1285 m/e? © 21.47 m/s B 18d m/s? B52 m/s Determine the shortest distance from point (4, 2) to the parabola y= &, A. 283 Cai B 351 D. 632 Water flows into a tank having the form of a frustum of a right clreular cone, The tank is 4 m fall with upper Tadidis of 1.5 m and the lower radius of 1 m_ When the water in the tank is 1.2 m deep, the surface rises af the rate of O12 m/s, Calculate the discharge of water, flowing into the fank in m/s. ‘A, 0002 © 003 B 005 D. oz The motion of 2 partite i defined by the paramedic equations = Pand y=2# Determine the velocity when $=2, ‘A. 1442 © 1274 B 1625 Dig ‘Thesum of two numbers is K. The product of one by the cube of the other is to bea maximum, Determine one of the numbers ‘A 3K/4 ©. 3K/2 B 3K/8 D.3k/? Find the height of the largest right pyramid with a square base that can be inscribed ina sphere of radius 10) A. 122em ©.13.3em B. 144m D, 15 Sem.gg Fart2 Engineering Differential Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Sand is pouring froma spoutat the rate of 25 cc/ sec, It formsa cone whose height is always 1/3 the radius ofits base, At what rate in em/sec is the height increasing When the cone is 50 em high? o.ao0785 . O.oonss7 B 0.000214 1, 0.000354 PROBLEM 2-30 ANSWER SHEET PROOOOOOOCO HOMO OOMMOMOe PO@oDmuw amare || merc @ @e@a@a@ POBGRHOOCMOOME POO OPOCOOO AIDED Em PEPE aDeDEr POO OMOOoOOE POOP MOOMDME || DOES OOO @ <> OBGOOPOCOOCOE MOSOSHOOOS Oe PODOPOCAOE QO OMOCOOOR DOOOOOGOOOO DADE I HOOD OP OPED ED DOO Wwe a@@e| | @@@@ @@@c QOCMOOOOOO POCDDIDIDDOD) | DOO COOOGOO | fmm eeramanareren |] amare anemanen ed apa PDOOOHOOoOos POOOOSOHOMOOa PPD DDE DD ED DOD Eh DED 1 ED. ED ED gm PDOHMORMOEOES PPADDOCOOOE MDD LTD AIDED OT GOD. 1d 7d Engineering Partl 39 Mathematics Vol. 2 Differential Calculus Solutions to Set 2 Maxima & Minima, Time Rates SOLUTION 2-1 The value of y is maximum when dy/dx~0 (y' = 0} Ans: D vtyta- Dy ty t2x-2= 0 when y=; 0+042-2=0; x51 SOLUTION2-2 Ans: B @~ 2001+ 10000 100 t~ 200= 0; 1=2 0(2)¢~ 2002) + 10000 = 9800 soumon2-3 re ag sono -»-(24) Ts eee) pies & tex) 8a." (lex)? “1; 8U.a)'<(1 +x) ix = 0971 my = ~0371-|———|_ = 199,999.46 vans -asn-[ A) ey SOLUTION 2-4 ans B x= 2000 SOLUTION 2-5 Ans; dy/dx 322-3 To determine the maximum and minimum points, y is maximum if the second derivative y" is nogative and is minimum when y/ ye3e +6 (minimum) = 1 (maximum) 2Ars: D SOLUTION 2 ans & SOLUTION 2-8 Ane SOLU Ans: B i Parti 40 differential Calculus SCLONONT Tet rand y be the numbers, then’ x+y=12),ory=120-x Product, P= ya? = (120-x) 2 P= 1202 x3 AP {be ~ 240% ~ 5 0 x=80andy Let rand ybe the number, then x + y~Cory=C-x $= 36/2) $+ AC/1)-C+0 = CA Lot be the number of persons above 150, Total number of persone = 150+ Cost per person = 1500 - 5 Profit, P= (150 + a)(1500~ 53) ~ 205000 + 750x. 4P/dx = 750 - 10x=0; x =75 = 15) +75 = 225 Number of perso1 Lexty (=a dt 205-2) Nese 2fisa+(15-27 as >a) Tee ae Square both sides of Eq (2) be Gaz ah + 225-302 305-4368) = #305) +280:2 = 19262 + 14400 30s! + ode! = 2-302) +2892 1922 +14400 8022+ 1920: - 14400 =0 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering _ Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION? - 10 Ans: Part 1 DifterentialCateuius — 44 = 1920 + (1920)? — 4(80)(-34400) 2(80) em. From the figure shown: Total time of travel, T= y+ to SOLITON? - 11 Aas: 15x ~ 6yx +2028 9625 x? = 36(3? +2025) 202532 = 729; x=6 km; 9-x=3km ‘oquare both sides POE ecm: Gt oer nil e510) 4208/2 19e4/19) <0 Es pa0 a= 48x- 360 = 0 wher By trial and error, x= 9.31 In ® = 31-57 +[0.1)/12- 10) = 26288 127 unitsEngineering Mathematics Vol. 2 | he Maximize 0 era Be ates an (0+) = =22t0ne HOt )= seca 4, tanta! stan an | T-tnOane 4 tanO+tana =22tana “ape =22tan tanta tan 0 +22 tan @tan?a=1.2 tana 12tana ee 8 nrg tano= Differentiate Bq, (1) with respect to « and equate to zero: e229 (d@/da) = ‘1.2tana(d.dtanasect a)—(1+22tan?a)1 2sec? a (ie2zian ay? 0.=5.28 tanta secta -1.2secta - 2.64 tanta. sect 2.64 tanta, secta= 1.2 socte tanta~ 1.2/2.64 a= 33.9878" x= 25 cot3B.se7e"= 0 708m. ‘This can algo bo solved using the relationship that for 9. to be maximum, the value of x = yab = 25(55) 3.708 m SOLUTION 2 Ans: D 13. Fora given perimeter (20 mi) the figure that will give the Jangest area isthecircle, Then: ‘Avea = nr? n(9.183)? = 31.83 sq.m. SOLUTION 2-14 solu For the winclow to admit the most light, maximize its ares: (Seo figure) A=(@i)y) HYena? Andy Pane + 2y +t = constant HA(P- Dx - mx) "Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Part1 Ditferential Calculus 43 Ans: B 22 SOLUTION 2-15 n A= 2x (b= 2x- ax] © ane As Py Dace + Yam = PDs tara? wa a Pa2e+2yt axadx tne 2y= 2x oF Thenht=x+x= 2: 4x-mx ): P= dx + me ‘Thus, the base of the rectangle equals the height ‘of the window, therefore the ratio of the width to the height is Fora given perimetei, the square has the largest area, Hence the rectangular field be a square and divided as shown; Length of fencing = 12 (x/2) =1500 2 Area 62500 sq. m. WE SOLUTION 2-16 Ani A WE From the figure shown, the fourth side is Bentsen _Ssnt 8+16sin0 sen ech ‘The area of the trapezoid is: Az8x8cos0 — +448 sin 9) 003 €) x2 A= 61 cos 0+ 64sin 0 cos Differentiate 4 with respect to @ and equate to cer. A/a) = 64(-sin 9) + 64 sit 0 sin 6) + cos 6 (e058) ]=0 sin 0 - sin20 +cos¥) = 0 “sin Q- sin?0 +1- sin’ =D 2sin?9 sin 9-1 (Qsind-1)(sin 0+1)=0. 2sind-1=0 sin 0 = 15:0 =30° Top width = 8+ 16 sin 30° =16 emPart a 44 dDiticcntin Calculus —— SOLUTION 217 Tet x be the dimension of the square base andy be the Ans: B height. Cost Cost, C= 150.12 + 240.a(10/x7) C= 1502+ 2400/x He can nan/neo SOLUTION 2-18 sour Minimize the tolal surface area: Axx + dey Ve xt y= 16823; 16823 _,,, 61292 Ars tty Ds = 33646 16823 (622877 = 16.14 em Ve ny Expressing y in terms of x: 1 h yer), venette-a lent vk HY Men onco er-24)=0 ah $r (radius of cylinder) Mathematics Vol. 2 hhase area x 150 + lateral area x 60 Cost = 3? (150) + 42460) = 150.2? = 210-xy Bui volume =aty = 1013; y= 10/2, then = (rit 23) Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2-20 Ans A SOLUTION 2-21 Aas: SOLUTION 2- 22 Ans € Part 1 Ditlerencil Calcules 45 Tor the dosed cylinder of base daineter D and height ie 2p? + aH 2 As2x 2D +nDE 4 2 v= Spry =108;H= q #D' pis 22 x $6.16)! + 2(6.16)(6:16) Least surface area = 125.54 eq. m- Note: For a closed cylinder of known volume, the surface area is least when its diameter (D) 1s equal to Its height (H). Also, for a close cylinder of known surface area, the volume is maximum when D =H. ‘This problem is similar to Problem 19-20, For a closed, cylindrical tank of a given volume, the (olal surface are is minimumif the diameter D equals the altitude fh. VeAvxh; but=D Y= FD!xD= 4D» 113=4D! D=2.432 m= 2r r=1.216m Cost, C= (nx? x 2)(8000) + (2x x y)(2000) C= 60008 4? + 4000 xy V=ny= 1000; y=1000 / xx? C= 6000x a2 + 4000 x (1000 / « 22) C= 6000 9? + woe ac oqn000 © =12000nx- = =0 a ¥ ¥=4734mPart 1 46 ditcrential Calcuins Sorunon 2-23 ‘Ans: C SOLUTION 2-24 Ans Wer SOLUTION 2 - ‘Ansi Engineering Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2-25 ANS: A SOLUTION 2- 27 Ans A From the figure shown, Volume, V = (20~22)(20~23) x V= (400 - 80+ duejx = 400x BO + 48 BY aso 1601 128-0 : SOLUTION ans: D 80(3.333)2+ 46.333) Fc inches Maximum volume = 40033 Maximum volume = 592.59 cu! SOLUTION 2-29 Mo ree F(t) =40000(0) +2501(6/2) Fr ean00/1. +1251 To minimize the value of F, Aiferan\iata Ewa raspect tol are equate'te ro, af = 4000/11 +125 =0 13512 = 40000) = 17:89 m aL yf dt = 30 +x) dx /t Given that dx/dt= 0.002 feet per second and x= 8 feet, idy/dt =3(0 + 890.002) iy/at = 0.886 cf Mathematics Vol. 2 Part 47 Differential Caleuius Let S=x(!) = 16! + 8? Velocity = dS/dt Velocity = dS/dt = 16 + 16¢ Att=3 Velocity 16 +1693) =64 Distance, x=312-+21+4 Velocity: dx/dt=61+2 when x= 10 IO =3i2+ 2144; 30+ 2-6 12h, Velocity = dx /at = Velocity = 872 kph (1.12) +2. ‘The speed of the object at any time is D/ dt, DE+5/ (E41) dD 5 GO hee it Gy 221+ 30 =0 (3t - 6)(¢=5) Qand 1-5) When t=2 V=(2))-105@)' + 90(2) + 20=46 kph When ¢=5 (6)'= 10.56)! + 30(6) + 20= 32.5 kph ‘Therefore; the fastest speed of the traffic is 46 kph.Part1 Differential Calculus 48 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOMTON2-30 From the figure shown: Ans B= (5+ 6+ ON? 562522 + 25 + 600t + 3600! 9205) + 600¢ +25 20) 25d5/ét~18450¢+600 (2) At5 pm (t= 3), from Eq, (1) $2 = 922513) + 600(3) +25, = 291.29 km In Eg, 2) (291,29) dS / dt S/d! = 96.03 kph SOLUTION 2-31 es From the figure shown’ G00? + (30 - 604) 2(80) (30 601) cos 60° ‘St = 900 F + 900 - 3600 ¢ + 3500 2-900 +1800 t= 6300 @-4500/+900 (1) wS-neosm 30 After one fiour (= 1) In Eq. Qe 5? = 5300 (1)? 4900 (2) + 900 5 = 51.96) km In Faq. (2) dS. Api ge1) = 1260011) ~ 4500 ds T7983 ph SOLUTION 2-32 et t= any time after 200 pm sour Let t= any time after 200 pi ‘5 distance between the cars atany time t From the figure shown: = (451)? + (30! + 602 2025 #2 + 900 +3600 1+ 3600 $'=2925 P+ 2600!+3500 9 (1) Engineering “Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2 - 33 Ans: B Part 1 Diferentatcucuns 49 25% ~ 50801 + 3600 3@ ‘Avi00 pm, t= 2 Solve for $ in Ea. (0) ? = 2925)2)' + 36002) + 3600, 150 km In Bg, @) es 2150) as dt 50(2) + 3600. L kph Let Fbe any time efter 12 pm. ‘The distance 5 between the trains at any time 150, ae c= 3it se 150° S00 S$? = (150 50/)2+ (100 500) $2 = 22500 - 150001 + 25007 + 10000 - 10000} + 2500 $= 5000 # - 25000 1 + 32500 50k e100 Sct) 100 DBikzeine sh papas 23 = sonar 500 Avago pm? PFabolip omy «a00 $= 111,803 km then; 2(111.803) as 3. e708\ph dt is = 10000(4) - 2500050 SOLUTION ‘Ans: B SOLUTION 2 Ans: A SOLUTION 2 Ans: B Part 1 Dilferential Calculus a 3 35 From the tangle shown: Hep +30 fa Find dS/dt when y ~ 40° Sta P4308 25d8/dt = 2y dy When y= 40; then; Sous/ar= 408) aS/d!=12 fps Required: dS/dt when y= 25m Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 15% ‘The rate the balloon rises is dy/dl=4 m/s $= 5020-1000 In eight triangle ADB: tan O= 4/50 = arctan (¥/30) $= 100arc1an (y/50) AS yo) M/50Nav/dd a T+ (y/607 dS. 4 ; a” Taesaop oA Distance, y= 16/2 +3000! + 50000 Velocity, »= dy/d: = -321-+3000 When t=0 v= -52(0) + 3000 = 3000 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2-37 Ans: D SOLUTION 2-38 Ans: C SOLUTION Ani: D Differential ‘When @= 60°, d0/dt=-015 rad/sec Velocity of the airplane 9000 ent 0 idx/dt = 9000 (- ese? 0 a0/dd) de dt = S000 (esc 60")-0.13) idx /dt = 1800 m/s Surfaceare of sphere, A, = 4-172 Ag dt = Bur dr/dt= 26 em%/see After2 seconds 20) Substitute rto Eq. (1): 82.034) d/l dr/dt= 0509 cm/s vx an ean i gy SGD) = f(20)*(-4) + 50/2)(20)(1)) 0 asa fsec.52 arta TORUTION 2-40 ns: D SOLUTION 2 Ans: A SOLUTION 2-42 Ans: D Differential Calculus _ Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 oe Whenx=4 fA) = 1001204)? — 45(47 + 264(4)] = 46400 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 “The volume of water at any time is: yet Beye Zey Saha By ratlo and propertion: = 275 2-Bixnyp Vie X y/ayy=— Vo ap ONY SOIUTION 2.43 Vinay ans We Raye ae When y=4 ft, dy/dt=2 ft/min, av. LS Fe ae OQ) = 628 fefmin ‘The curvature of the function y ~ f(x) et any point is given by: [4+Q)T 16 299 «16 ven (8 y = 8/81 By’ x oa, y'~ 0) — aaas is a+ayTr? SOLUTION 2- 44 = 0.0412 ee Curvature, k= fx) = 100(2:9 — 4532 + 264x) Differentiate the given function and equate to zero: (3) = 100(6x2— 90x + 264) = 0 6x" - 90x + 264 = 0 -15r +44 =0 (1x4) xellandr=4 When x=11 G1) = 100201 - 45(11)2 + 264@11)] = 12,100 Part1 Differential Calculus 53 ‘Thus, the membership is smallest (relative minimum) ‘when x= 1and that is in 1986, ‘The membership is largest (relative maximum) when x= and thatisin 1979, From the figure shown, dy when x= 2:m (200 cm) By Pythagorean Theorem: 500? =3? x 2, ae at at fa00? xj = 2eis t= ay =200(2) at F300? =2607 ay Boa 79en op = -7em/s ‘Therefore, the upper end moves down at therate F179 cay ie yee we me dy weet Ge Ema a= (Gay = (ae 6 When t=3.sec: a= [36G) +16 =18.44 mys?Part 54 it SOLUTION 2-75 Ans: A SOLUTION 2 - 46 Ans B ential Calculus Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Par U3) a Differentiate & set dd/dy to ze10: pret yrdandx-2 @= (2-424 (4-272 828 units 05 h 4/ Reieye1« 0105 | 05h y= Fh Res Ree v= Be + Rr) . v= rao: | t Fe +unsna) +14 ee oa z v= ¥ oorseasi6 + 0750+) i th WY = Fig oses7s 124075143) db 3 At a 2 joosos7s (1.2)*+ 0.75 (1.2) +31(0012) aig, 0.05 mys Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2-47 Aas; A SOLUTION 2-48 Ans: A Part Diferemia cleats — 5S ‘Another Solution: ‘Toavoid complicated variable relationship, the tank may be considered as a cone with dimensions shown, v= fn(0105Hp Ht v= 0016362 F° av ai = iP Sr 7 o039087 HP t.ne 3 few oh + chorea ma 4 frire eee 3 fs Injul +c 6. f utc Trigonometric Functiona E [eeyere cosudu = sinu+C Se ftanude ©In|secu | +CPart2 Engineering S58 integral Calculns Mathematics Vol. 2 —_———_—_——_ —— 10, [eotwde = In|sinw | +c M1, fsecudu =In|seeu+tanu | +C f 13. [sccutanudu =secu+C 12. lescudy =tnleseu-cotu | +C Injeseut cotu [+c 44, lescucotudu =-cscu +c 15, [scc? udu = tanu+C 16, |esc? udu =-cot x + Inverse Trigonometric a7, Functions 18. 9. yu’ 20, |aresinur du varcsinutyi-u? +C arctan u- Invi? 21, arctan du = ‘Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Part2 Inegrd Caleulas 59 Hyperbolic Functions Other Functions 22, (sinhudu = cosh v+C 2 fiosmudu sinha 24, ftanhudu =Incosh u+C 3, fora =In|sinh 2] +C 26, fechhuds tha 27. fesch*udu =-coth u + C 26 fovicontane sssechurc 29, leschwcothudy = -eschu + C = sinh 440 us = cosh 14 4+Cu>a>0 31 ai oace 4 eoth #4, 32 a =tnjut fete | +cs Part 2 Part 2 Engineering Engineering nt? 6 GO integral Caloulus Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus Wallis Formula a, firiest a* (wr orn Bort) where: ‘= £/2wvhen both m and 1 are even = 1 ifotherwise tn Gen = positive integer, not equal to EXAMPLES ue wx [Panta OB <8 oh HO Integration by - Parts 39; fu = av- fea a [io aty= DVN 5 OME! ! eal 5 sue 8 ri Some integrations may be simplified with the 3 sat ecost dy < OOM, 8 Beedle fellowing substitutions , Sint 2608) a pein 5S 1, Ifan integrand contain Va=*? , Praulle Iatepation a ate a substitute = asin? @ ee fre a f y | ¥ d contain Va+x? , substitute x?=a tant 9 = [OM ae [Bee -[ aioe ee 3. [fan integrand contain J substitute x? =a sec More generally, an iniegrand that contains one of the forms Yat? , yartx , or Vix*=a but no other irrational factor may be transformed into another involving trigonometric functions of a new arable as follows: Toobin Ya fizsin?0 = Si cos tr] = ; ly? + 6y' +12y)dy 33 ay «|Part2 Engineering 62 integral caleulas Mathematics Vol. 2 —_—_—<—<—<—<————————— oe Ex. 6: fffioe = ie Ji dyax lj a lene aiore Ex. 7: f sin xdx Let v= x, do=sinxds, v=-cosx fue =~ foes fone =x: fons =-xcosstsinx+ C frown Let u=x, du= dx cos 2x dy, 9 = (1/2) sin 2 frome =x (1/2}sin 2e- Jarzsnere =Yaxsin 2x + Mecos 2+ C pha Smet Bed [ eh Letz=x+1 x=2-1 x= dz Change the limits: 0; Engineering Part2 Mathematics Vol. 2 Inteyal Calculus 63 Pepowowatte Sobsitation Lets? =4 tan? 9 x=2lan0 dx=2se 00 ax 2sect Odd (eatiatl etter J 500 4g tan? 0 for ecosouo= Pa mnoexe z asi From the right triangle: en (2a? sind= JPart2 Engineering 64 integral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Pe we ate (ee Preto es an Resolve —"— into parial fraction: 1 1 B Fa ae, 2 2 L=Ale+2)+ BE -2) us 1 “Ge PLANE AREAS Using Vertical Strip A= fw -sde yu =A) M.= BG) “ Engincering “Using Horizontal Strip i ' | i By Polar Coordinates Area of Some Polar Curves, | Mathematics Vol. 2 x= oly) k=) Paks fren = Part2, Tnegalcaaas OP! Area = anPart2 Engineering 66 Trregaicaleulus Mathematics Vol. 2 ci ce en a raakend Length = 2ek ‘area = nie Lerath= 2k LENGTH OF ARC (as)? = (di) + uy? - [ rarer eet (de) dy CENTROID OF PLANE AREAS ineerin| Part 2 pcscinatie 2 ral Calculus 67 Se Using Horizontal stip Are [a Using Vertical Strip Centroid of Parabolic Segment & Spandrol 3 ree Ay Noa oe a ~~ 3 / MOMENT OF INERTIA OF PLANE AREAS (FIRST MOMENT OF AREA) 3 p= on ** 70 1 Aspntnt= 3bPart 2 Engineering GB incegral Caloulus Mathematics Vol. 2 —— ee Polar moment of j-th Inertia Product of inertia ty= foun Mass Moment of Problems. concerned with the rotation of solid Inertia. bodies involve the mathematical expression fr = which is known as the moment of inertia of a body, also called the mass momen! of inertia because the ration W/ is widely known as the mass of a body. Solid Right Cirelar Cynder t= LM; M=mass;r= radius + Hallow night iclar Cyne re} M(e-r); R= ouorrdiae inner radius y Uniform Slender Rod <1MR; be ' ij W=AMb; ly Spherical Shell yean radius Teor: Engineering Part2 69 Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculs Tight Circular Cone 3 2Mr; r= dius Mr; r= base ra Right Elliptical Cylinder PROPERTIES OF Tecanae COMMON SHAPES me HEE yi Aveo=Vh a Dusnereile Je fy = 0055470 Part2 Integral Calculus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Ellipse bly @ none ‘Area = fab nab? Fair enpse ae val WS Se ti? Pr ie SHE acta ie ‘ I= OD5506° ty = 0.055b00 Sacorafa aie Tanbalisnegment Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Partz Inregrtcatentus 22 P)= Pe rind a i= E@. on29) > Z(osisin20) SPANDREL | Segre ora (00) = 270 ie an When 8= 90" (semicircle) SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION Volume Using Circular DiskPart2 Engineering TZ invegral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 aE ——— — os flee) Volume Using Hallow Cylindrical Shell ve faex.tuy-voe % or v= Peay tee 47 ‘Engineering Part2 gy Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Caloulis ‘Surface Area AS fre ds= f1+ Gx /ay ords= 14 (dy /dx) VOLUME OF OTHER SOLIDS WITH KNOWN CROSS SECTIONS a= bs CENTROID OF i VOLUME oy V¥e~ [ew whore Y= total volume ofthe body dVr Ady A=f)“Engineering Fart2 7g Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus WORK Constant Force The work done by a constant force F acting over a directed distances along a straight line i: ; Work= Force x distance = Fx<3 Work undor : Variable Force Work= Jin or Work = [row connie The conical tank shown cantans liquid of unit weight 7. Find the work to empty the liquid at a Poift 2th above he top of thetark. By Integration: Work = firs P= UW=ydV=ynedy 2=12-yPart2 76 Inegalcalenis have dbay x (O5yP dy= 0.25 m7 98dy Work = fost ”) 12547 fev -y Hy I: Work Work = 0257 |4y? By Formula: Work = Fxs F= force = total welght of liquid in the tank Gistance from centrotd ofthe Nga pot of exit F=Weight =7 «Volume 1 128% parce ye emt Fore= yx 5 14)*@)= s=6m Werk = BEL 5 ~ 256ry ‘The work done in stretching a spring of natural Work required to st length Lftom a 0 xeis: Stretch a Spring jt Mathematics Vol. 2 Work in Winding upaLoad lw a Part 2 incegr Calculus 77 Work= £4 (t2? 4) where k= spring constant or stiffness in N/m If load P is to be wind-up by a flexible rope or cable having a uniform macs anc length L, the work done is Work = PL+1V(L/2) We weight ofthe rope or cable P=loadai the end of the rope oreablePart2 Engineering 7B Invegral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Problems - Set 3 Integration PROBLEM 3-1 Integrate: (78144 34) dv ME April 1997 Pouce ° Bee! 3 3 Bde a8 PROBLEM 3 * CE Nay 1959) Evaluate [2 Brea A. din @x+2)4C B, 4ln @r+2)+C © Pin@rta+c D.2inGr+24¢ PROBLEM 3-3 CE yee Evaluate the integral of e'”"” 2x dx. AS *G Cone TAD 8 etc D, 2xe" +C PROBLEM 3-4 ‘What is the integral of cos 2x etn? dx? CE May 1995 ane Caer ec Bema) 240 D, ante 240 PROBLEM 3 -5 A, seex tC Coste Bi sinx+C D.sinn te PROBLEM 3-6 Integrate xcos (212 + 7) dx. ME apn 1398 Arvsin@e+7)+C © Yecos @2+7) BL sin (22+ 7)+1C D. Wlsin-6) @2 +7)+C PROBLEN 3 -7 Evaluate [Pete A. Ingositna) + © ‘tan? (In ay $C D, fan (inxyP + Engineering Patz 79 Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus Troon s-6 Evaluate [owrtesiones Avsing (L-Insins)+C C. sinx(Insinx-1)+¢ B, sinx(U+Insinz}+C Din vsing +C PROBLEM 3-9 ‘CE May 1992 Evaluate forrinscouo A. 2(ln see a +c © A dnsec 9) + B. nsecoj?+C 1D. tan sec 0)2+C PROBLEN 3-10 nib Beatie [= i AMINA) AC Cw (eR tC B, In(e?)+C D. arctan (e") +0 PROBLEM 3-11 Eyaluate Inv’ See A, atesee (Ina) +C © infant +¢ B. F[(nx)'-1f9 + D, aresin (Ina) +C PROBLEM 3-12 ae valuate [= "te, wie [he A SESH +7In (e246 Bt 5 Faxnin fet 2 +e G dx-Tln(e+)+C DS +t tdr-in(r+2+C PROBLEM 3-13 Evaluate [2 —ae. oad Aberin(e+D+C Cing@r+c Bet-infetijytC De tin(et +cPart 2, Engineering BO integral Catculus Mathematics Vol. 2 PRON 11 Evaluate [24 E43) A 3ina(x+3)+C ¢ In +€ In x( ) hn B, din ad D.Ina(x+3)+C PROBLEM 3-15 Evaluate theintegral ofx sin 2x dx. ¥ con ae+ bein e+ A, Rees e+ Pein det B, -Scos 2v Eats Latoes © Feos2y- Sainge te £ i , =F cos be + Laine D, ~Heos2r+ Paine +e PROBLEM 3-16 PRODLEM 3-17 PROBLEM 3 = 18 ECE Nov. 195 PROBLEM 5-39 CE Nov, 1599) Evaluate Josret B.e(cosstsiny)+C D. of Gosr+sinx)+C Bvalate fans. A, arctanx = infix? +¢ B arctan +2 In 1 +2) +C © rarctans- Inara? +C D. xareans-2in (+x) + Integrate the square root of (10s x) dx A. AT cosx+C C.2sing +¢ Baietvc vFeti-c Evaluate the integral of x cos 2r 2 with limits from 0 10, 2/4. A. 0143, e014 8 0.258, D, 0186 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Frome s 20 ay 1997 PROBLEM 3-21 CE Nov. 1995 PROBLEM 3 - 22 CE May 1996 PROBLEM 3 « 23 CE Nov 1997 similar 0 CE Nov, 1994 PROBLEM 3-24 CE Nov. 1993 PROBLEM 3 - 25 Nay 1058, CE Nov. 95 & May 96 PRODLEM 3 = 26 ECE apa 1998 PRODLEM 3-27 CENov. 1996 PROBLEM 3-28 CE May 1999 | Part integalcalcuhis 32 Tratunte He mtegalora geo) wit iis om toe ‘A, 81/182 C, 83/132 B. 82/182 D, 84/182 ie Evaluate the integral of fF it has an upper limit of CD ss ‘Land a lower limit of ‘A. 0,022 B 0.056 ©, 008 D, 0.031, Find the intogral of 12 sin® x cos? x dr if lower limit = 0 ‘and upper limit = x/2, AOS C06 B08 D.04 Using lower limit = 0 and upper lfmit= 1/2, whatis the integral of 15 in 7x &? A, 6.783 1B. 6.857 ©, 6618 D650 Evaluate the integral of 3 (Gin 2)49 dx using lower limit of Cand upper limit = 5/2. A20 2 G14 Biz 5.23 Evaluate the inegral of 5 cost x tnt x dr using lower limit = 0 and upper init = 6/2 A. 0.5046 soos C, 0.6107, B. 0.3068 D. 0.4105, Evaluate the integral cos*3A dA from0 t0 3/6. ‘A. 350/768 ©. 278/363 B 232/765 D. 125/81 Eveluate the integral of @x? 4 9y') ax dy if the interior iit tas an upper limit of y anc a lower Linit of 0, and whose cuter limit hasan upper limit of 2 and lower limit of © 4.10 C30 B40 D2 Evaluate [fe Vydedy A, 35/2 e17/2 B, 19/2 D.37/2Part2 BZ integral Calculus PROBLEM 3-2 TE April 1997 PROBLEM 3 - 30 PROBLEM 3- M1 CE Noy, 2002 PROBLEM 3 - 32 CENov. 2001 PROBLEM 3-33, PROBLEM 3-34 PROBLEM 3-35 PROBLEM 3 = 36 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Evaluate the double integral of sin war du, the limits of yt eae Ee is from 0 to pi, B ifs Dafa Evaluate I | fea. Aus ei B78 3.1/6 Determine the value of the integral of sin x dx with Tits rom Oto 9/6 ‘ 0273 B bir D.0a88 Evaluate the integral of x cos (4x) dr with lower limit of Oand upper limit of 1/4. AVS. c.1/16 B 4s D.-1/16 It is known that fs) = 4 when x=2. What is the yalue of fis) when x =0. Je) = Joe =7x)ax a2 co BB D6 Evaluate A, 6.667 i © 4667 B 5333, D 7333 m/min’, Its velocity after 1 minute is 11 aah Find distance traveled after 4 minutes. ‘A. 135m Cizim B. 185m D. 156m ‘The value of ee S24 sis losestto A. 23 G15 BI D.32 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 ANSWER SHEET POOMMMOOOOe DQADVPODOAD ADD DODOOGSOEGO POMOM HOMO PEMQOMOOOD HHAD ED AGH ED MSH EP o> OAM IPM MMO OS QOCQMOGECQOQQ OOOOH GOOHDE| | OO@dOQOOO@de aad POP AMDAOIAD PQDOODOOCOE EDAD GH.AD ED THE GH CDAD | H THAT ETD TH IDEN GY GD POOMMowe oer DOOMED ADO 6. | |] E> Ed Dd @ POOOGGOOGOCOO|| COGDGOOCCOO DOOM MOMO Her IP EDED EDAD HOPED HOV PQQMQQEQEEOAM PRIME Eorer o> BOGOCHCOOE|| OOOOHDOQOCO eareneanara ap.am| | arene apap amaper are POMOC OOOOPart2 Engineering 84 integral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Solutions to Set 3 Integration SOLUTION 3-1 i Tee x? +43tar = SOULITION 3-2 a ais Ainax+a)+c SOLUTION 3-3 i ans: © eh ox dy From f = x241; du = 22 a (OK) du e+ Savdx =e +C SOLUTION 3-4 seh (cos2x)e" de from [estar u=sin 2x; du = 2.cos 2x dx (OK) fcrzaynr ae =e ft aconanae = enn /2+C SOLUTION 3-5 Ans: B fostiosinxee SOLUTION 3-6 ios xcos(2s? +7)dx = foser 4+7)\4x0t) =VsinQe+7+C Engineering Part 2 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 IncceralCaleulas 99 ay joe From foretictn (eure ueinx, du 2 (OK) fa@e = Juncnn = Injsec (inx)]+C x z SOLUTION 3-8 mas ¢ [oceonmannae From fiona sulnu u=sin x; du= cos xdz (OK) [ocenieesienae =sinx in (sinx)-sinx+C ~sinx (Insinx -1)+¢ isd fionoinscoae From fra aoe = tan 0149 (OK) foros = Jorsssmenoa = 1Alln sec 0) + C SOLUTION 3-10 ei Ans D ie Tre™ From, dus dz (OK) [= arctan (e)+CPart 2 BG incegralCateutos SOLUTIONS -11 Ans: SOLUTION 3-12 ARSC SOLUTION 3.13 Ars: B Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 eee J ae ins’ y(inay?-1 J xlnzy(ina)? a = aresee wt C ix inva) x [x (OK) = aresec (In x) + C Hi ors First we divide x +1 by x+ 2: waored x+2)Pe1 Lis ix eet -In (ett 1) +C Engineering SOuorions 1 Ans C SOLUTION 3-15 Ans: D "SOLUTION 3-16 Ans A Mathematics Vol. 2 Part2 inegalcas 84 Resolve into pattial fraction. 3053) See ae x@xa) x x8 3=Ale+3)+Bx 3=A0+3)+200);A=1 3=A(3+3) +83) part (Me peated nae {Js le a) Ins=in@+3) See ain Using integration by parts vax dy = sin 2x ar t= de y= theos2x femesn esters [Lace + Hentee Tanai re Using integration by parts use dy =sin-xdy du = er dy y=-cosx frome =e (os) fone fe scons conn Applyinginegroon by prt tof use dy = cosxdr dus ed v=sinx framets seca teine: forseePart2 BB integral Calculus aes SOLUTION 3 -17 ‘sai © SOLUTION 3 - 18 Nas: B SOLUTION 3-19 ‘Ans: 2 frsiotee westesine é et sind = S(sin.x-c0sx) +C Using integration be parte: w= arctan dx OO Tee fosoonae forsansae = yarctan r-¥% In (1 +22) +C fostorsas ~soutane-inftr v¢ [ieee Note: sin (x/2) = /(@=cosx)/2 VT=cosx = V2 sin (x/2) [irene . fests aie xdx ra [mee = 22 cosy +C ni iseaea Using integration pas wax dv = cos 2xdx du=dx v="Asin2x Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engincering Part2 go "Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus pice wa a ficoasis . | xsin2s| xasir 2x) i 3 [ Einasay 2 2/8 = [Besar oosae] Note; 1/4 =45" = |- sin 45") Zeos@-45)] zi [Foane-c)+Fome0)| = 03927 -025 = 0.1827 SOLUTION 3-20 Using integration by part: Tet doe (e-5)tdr v= Eh -5 fw uo fo [eon [eons I; =x du = de Bear: [e-ore Xe .9.e-sy | Aeon sionays | 12 fos, [Ga] aoe - 53 182,Part2 Engineering 90 integral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Suns aT ns oat f wey By algebraic substitution: Let ext ljx=u-l dr Limits: Whenx=1;1=2end when x=0;4=1 SOLUTION 4-22 By Wallis! Formule Ans: A v fr = 2 O@MWON 12sin? xcos? xdv F 10(8)(6)(4)(2) SOLUTION §-23 By Wallis’ formula: ou i [isn saens 88 857 i 7 SOUTION S24 twa z Ans: A Ssin’vde =3—-(0 f an SOLUMION 9-25 By Walls Forme ek Sty itvap) AV = 1036-24292 + Ax) de Yer (as-a1/? mye ver ber-t60)? sai V= 169.646 cu. units In Bq. (1) 169.616 Xo= fre 24x)? 4ax)de Engineering Part 2 “Mathematics Vol. 2 IntezralGaleuus 207 169.646 Xo= Joona? ote an fer -es7 ge) Xo =1 8 units Thus, the centroid is at (18,6) Hoitmon 17 dV ~natdy ' says AV = nl yli)Pdy = ny Piay vers Want y iP dys nytdy Benz v= [rytw =24[" forrw 26 ie 2 28 v= Se(agy2—0)= 28 neu, unis rey We fe A Pra) Yo = 9.6.units ‘Thus, the centroid ofthe solid isat (0, 9.6) VY¥o= fiw “SOLUTION 4-18 Ans D V= 3x (85-0)Part LOB integral Calculus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 eee SOLUTION 4-19 Ans SOLUTION 4-20 Ans: Veer Ba Yor furry Fs [res = [iv] $e Yo=r} (89-0): ¥o=5 ‘Therefore the centroid is at (0, §) 1 fre A= (1-x)dy yore revs A= (1-14) dy ly ay? ayy (ea ‘The work done ie ee Work = kx? 1 lengh Cs Solve fork, from 6=K(11 8) k= 2N/om ‘The work done to stretch a spring of natural length 8 cm, from 10 em (x1 = 2) to 1Sem (x3 +5) is Work = Vk (az? ~ x1) = ¥4 (2 N/em)(S -29 err? Work = 21 Neem = 0.21 Nan ecring DUTTON 4-20 ins: D ithematics Vol. 2 Part2 IntegralGateuius 209 Work= force « distance dW=dFed de=ya¥ dE = 800 rath d=8-h #/h= 2/5) x= 2H/5 dF = 8)0nQh/5)tah P= 128R hi dh a= 1288 dx @-H) N= 1285 (81-13) dt We 128" Jor =i) ~1,[8 we a 8 = 2,667 kg-m Another Solution: Work = Force x Distance Force = Weight =7 V Force = 800 x + n(2)?(5) = 5909.29 Kg Distance =3+1 Work = 5333.33n (4.28) = 22667 kg-m AW= dP xd de=ydV dP = 624 (r(4)%di] dP = 998.4r dh AW = 998.4r.dhi (i) 2 W= 99845 fea 1 Famer We 998.4% | W~ 4992s (10'-13) W=49a2inft1bPart 2, Engineering LLO integral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘Nnother Solution: Work = Force x distance Force = 7 V= 62.4 x(4)! ) Force = 8985.6r Its. Distance = 1 + ¥4(9) Distance= 5.5 ft Work = 8985.6n (5.5) ~ 49421n ft-1b SOLUTION 4-25 W=Fxd Aas: 8 ae Vt of load + wh. of chain F=500-+48 '= (800 + 4x) de w= [orton Be We | s00r- 4 [a0] | w= [500.20) + 2(20)) i= 103800 kg-m dW = F dx Wee = 15 Ut (1 kp/lit)=15 kg We unr 15(1/2) = 7.5 kg, i Rate of leak = (7.5 kg/30 m) ad Rateog leak = 0.25 kg/m P= We of chain + wt. of liquid ite eae F=(G0 a)08) = (3-025) ; lag a P= 15-050 + 15- 0.25% cy pes peace AW = Q0-0.75r) dx versie Basie [oo O75s\dx Feicorsiom e w- [po ont] W'= [900 - 075(20);/2] W 5025 kg-m Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION- 25 dS=odi=ain (xljal ans: ‘3 i 2 Ss fue ~ [Festa hie e ya 5 =-{1/n) [cos (n/2)~cos {n/4)] Part 2 Integral Calcuhis 5 =-(1/|(cos O0°- eos 45°) = 0.2951 SOLUTION 4 6, Anes Gen2y; ne an@-y=x+e >a) When 0, y= 6 (Substitute to Eq.1} -In(2-8)=0+¢; €=In(-6) When x= In @) Substitute to By, Anz yet) 1513) In@-yt= wa ie vi yes SOLUTION 4-27 x=2)-2sin0; y=2~2e080 Ans: A Note. ‘This curve isa cycloid where 2 is the radius of rolling circle and 9 is the angie of rofation (0° - 360° for one ar) Length of are, $= | hs a= @-2c050)d0 dy =2 sin 00 1) sn yall ces) 111 a radusof ong de (02 ange of rtaion| cycLoID yeloid (5 ame eee Sara oneal cof SE : oT sin do