Modals/Consolidation week 10.1.

Present/ Future Modals/functions; meanings Past reference

reference
CAN; be able to ABILITY COULD; was/were able
+vb1(=manage to) to (=managed to)

MAY, MIGHT, CAN, POSSIBILITY MAY,MIGHT,COULD

COULD +vb1 +HAVE+ 3rd /ed vb form

CAN’T; MUST; +vb1 CERTAINTY/DEDUCTION CAN’T/ MUST +HAVE+

IMPOSSIBILITY 3rd/ed vb form
/couldn’t/ /couldn’t/
10.2.
He can speak fluently.

He can have some

problems with this.

He can’t/cannot swim.

He can’t be the person

you described to me
earlier on.

You can’t have said

that!

It could be the one.

I could have some

problems.

I could do this when I

was your age.

He couldn’t have
written that!

SHOULD/ ADVICE / SUGGESTION/ OUGHT TO/SHOULD

OUGHT TO +vb1 CRITICISM +HAVE+3rd/ed vb form
MUST/have to OBLIGATION HAD TO

I MUST LEAVE. Internal obligation

I HAVE TO LEAVE External obligation

I DON’T HAVE
TO….GO

I MUSTN’T GO prohibition

NEED/NEEDN’T NECESSITY Didn’t need to/have to

I needn’t go.
?Need I go? Lack of

NEEDN’T HAVE+3/ED
I need to go/I don’t
need to go.
have to/need to
don’t need to/don’t
have to

1. IDENTIFY THE FUNCTION/MEANING OF THE MODAL VERB:

1. He can’t speak German.

2. He might be in his office.
3. You ought to take more exercise.
4. You don’t have to apologise.
5. You mustn’t make any noise.
6. We can go to the beach if you like.
7. You mustn’t park here.
8. John can’t be the criminal.
9. Can you hear me?
10. It might rain tomorrow.
11. She must be sleeping.
12. Our team may win.
13. You should pay attention.
14. You ought to ask the teacher about this.
15. It’s eight o’clock. He must be there.
16. He missed the bus. He may be late.
17. That must be our new classmate.
18. He may not be feeling well.
19. You mustn’t feed the animals.
20. I can swim.