Task 3 - Electromagnetic waves in guided media

Individual work format

Jonh Edison Pita Tovar

Group 01
1.070.950.024

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2020 16-04
 Exercises development

Activity
Questions: (write with your own words)
1. What do you understand by transmission line?
Answer:
It is any system of conductors, semiconductors or also the combination of
both, which are used to efficiently transmit different types of information, it is
also used in taking electrical or electromagnetic energy between two points.
Propagation media on which electromagnetic waves are scattered or
transmitted from one point to another by different guided means can also be
described. examples of these means are:
Coaxial cable, pair of cables, waveguides and fiber optics.
Transmission lines have the following parameters in line modeling:
Series resistance = R
Series inductance = L
Parallel capacitance = C
Parallel conductance = G
2. Define the following electrical parameters of transmission lines:
a. Input impedance Z¿ .
Answer:

This we can understand how the relationship between the total voltage and the
total current its formula is:
− jβx j βx

V V 11+¿e +V−¿ e
Z¿ = s 1 = +¿e ¿¿
I s 1 I 11
−jβx j βx
+I−¿e
¿¿

In terms of line and load impedance, the input impedance would be as follows
Z 2 cos ( βx )+ j Z 1 sin ( βx )
Z¿ =Z 1
Z 1 cos ( βx )+ j Z 2 sin ( βx )
 b. Stationary wave ratio VSWR .
Answer

This is the relationship that exists between the maximum voltage and the
minimum voltage within the transmission line, in cases where a total reflection
occurs, the wave relationship becomes or tends to infinity.

V max ¿
VSWR= min =1+¿ Γ∨ ¿
V 1−¿ Γ ∨¿ ¿

c. Physical length L and electrical length 𝓁.

Answer:
The physical length L was a parameter created to measure or define the
distance that exists between two points, when the length is measured
vertically it is called altitude. There are several units of measurement to
determine the length of an object or the distance, depending on the scale that
is measured, the units of measurement are based on arbitrary criteria. The
meter is the basic unit of measure for length.
The electrical length is a unit of measurement used in the studies of
transmission lines, it is defined as the result of the multiplication of the phase
constant of the wave and the distance that are separated from the load
θ=β · d

3. What is the purpose of Smith's Letter in the study of the propagation of

waves?
Answer:
The Smith chart is a graphical representation that comes in the Gaussian plane
of the reflection coefficient, the resistance and the normalized reactance. This
card also allows to obtain some parameters of transmission lines and also
allows to obtain the answer to impedance matching problems, avoiding
operations with complex numbers.
In the Smith chart, the values of the normalized impedance are located on the
circumferences of r and x, the distance between this point and the center in
the normalized circle constitutes the magnitude of the reflection coefficient.

Fig 1 Smith chart standard take from: Paz, A (2013).

ondas electromagneticas en medios guiados.
electromagetismo para ingenieria electronica.cap8.pdf

Application exercises:
For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the
group number and CCC to the last 3 digits of the identification number.
1. A coaxial line has the following characteristics:
Geometric parameters: a=0.2 mm b=20 mm t=( ¿+10) μm
8
Conductor properties: (conductivity) σ c =4.3 x 10 Sm/m

Properties of the insulator: σ d=1 x 10 Sm/m ϵ r=2.1 μr =1

−13

Applied signal frequency: f =CCC KHz

a. Calculate the electrical parameters R L C G.
b. Using the distributed model, calculate the propagation parameters
α , β , γ ∧Z 0 .
c. Calculate the propagation velocity V p, the wavelength λ and the
attenuation α dB / Km.
 Figure 1: Geometrical parameters in coaxial line.
Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain the meaning
of the value obtained for V p, λ and α dB / Km.

Primero hallamos la profundidad de penetración de la onda.

1
δp=
√ π f σc μ0
2. A Z o=75 Ω lossless transmission line has a Z L =35− j75 Ω. If it is ¿ m long and
the wavelength is CCC mm, Calculate:
a. Input impedance Z¿ .
b. Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).
c. VSWR.

Figure 2: Graphic representation of the transmission line.

Attention, for the calculations:

1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
 Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain the meaning
of the value obtained for Z¿ , Γ and VSWR.

3. Bearing in mind that Smith's letter is used to determine parameters of the

transmission lines, use the "Smith 4.1" software to check the results
obtained in point 2.
a. Input impedance Z¿ .
b. Reflection coefficient Γ .
c. VSWR.

Application example

Example:

Video link

URL:

References

Reference 1:
Examples of reference formats:

Physical book.
Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). City,
Country: Editorial.

Chapter of a physical book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of
the book (pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial.

EBook.
Surname, A. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). Country: Editorial.
Retrieved from http: // ...

Chapter of an electronic book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of
the book (pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial. Retrieved from http: // ...

Internet video.
Surname, N. (Year). Title of the video server [Video]. Retrieved from
http: // ...