9A GRAMMAR if + past, would + base form

(second conditional)
a Write second conditional sentences for the pictures.

1 Which would you choose if you could 2 You better if you

only have one? (you choose, can) more exercise. (feel, get)

3 They happier if they 4 I there if I

in that cage. (be, not live) you. (not swim, be)

5 I somebody if I 6 it if she
French. (ask, can the money? (she buy, have)
speak)

7 If she sick, she 8 He scared if it

to work. (not be, go) so big. (not be, not be)

b First or second conditional? Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.
1 What will we do tomorrow if it rains (rain)?
2 If I had a lot of money, I ’d buy (buy) a horse.
3 She’d pass her test if she (study) harder.
4 I’m sure she (lend) you the money if you ask her nicely.
5 I’d like your dog more if he (not be) so noisy!
6 If I (not see) you this evening, I’ll see you on Friday.
7 I (not say) anything to Julio if you don’t want me to.
8 If you (not hurry up), we’ll miss the train.
9 If I were you, I (not go) to Canada in the winter.
10 What you (do) if you found a snake in your bed?

activation
c Cover the sentences in a and look at the pictures. Remember the second conditionals.

186 American English File 2nd edition Teacher’s Book 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2013
9B GRAMMAR present perfect + for and since
a Complete the sentences with the present perfect of the verb given + for or since if necessary.

work
1 A How long has your daughter worked in New York?
B She’s worked there for four years.

four years have

2 A How long you your cat?
B I it a few weeks now.

a few weeks
be married
3 A How long you ?
B I 1981.

1981
know
4 A How long they
each other?
B They each other
50 years.
50 years

live
5 A How long you here?
B We here 2006.

2006
have
6 A How long you
this phobia?
B I it about 2010.
A Hmm… about 2010

be
7 A How long you
on this team?
B I on it I was 17.

I was 17

b Test your memory. Cover the sentences. Look at the pictures. Can you remember the sentences?

activation
c Write four sentences about yourself, two with the present perfect + for, and two with the present
perfect + since.

American English File 2nd edition Teacher’s Book 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2013
187
 9C GRAMMAR present perfect or simple past?
a Complete the dialogues with the present perfect or the simple past.

1 A How long have you played (play) the violin?

B Since I was (be) four. I (love) music
all my life.
A Was it a difficult instrument to learn?
B Yes. I (not be) very good when I
(start).

2 A your brother (finish) college?

B Yes, he (finish) three weeks ago.
A What’s he going to do now?
B He (not decide) yet.

3 A Where do your parents live?

B They (live) in Arizona since last year. But before that they (live)
in Michigan.
A Why they (leave) Michigan?
B Because my dad (retire).

4 A I (see) Oliver yesterday. He (tell) me about your plans to move to

Beijing.
B Yes, I’m very excited… and a little nervous, too.
A you ever (live) abroad before?
B No, never. I (never be) very interested in foreign travel.
A How about your wife?
B Oh, Sofia loves traveling! She (visit) a lot of different countries.

5 A you (hear) about Andy and Francesca?

B No. What?
A They (separate).
B Really? That’s a shame. I (think) they were very happy together.

6 A Is your brother married?

B Yes, he (be) married for a long time. About ten years. He (fall) in
love with Sarah when they were both in high school. They (get) married when they
(be) only 18.

b Practice the dialogues in a with a partner.

activation
c Write a four-line dialogue beginning with Have you ever…?

188 American English File 2nd edition Teacher’s Book 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2013