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Icl7660 Max1044 1514385 PDF
Icl7660 Max1044 1514385 PDF
8
N.C. OSC
INPUT 1 7
CAP+ V+ SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
CAP+ ICL7660 LV
2 6
MAX1044
ICL7660
GND VOUT
3 5
CAP-
NEGATIVE
VOUT OUTPUT 4
VOLTAGE CAP-
( ) ARE FOR ICL7660
GND TO-99
Electrical Characteristics
(Circuit of Figure 1, V+ = 5.0V, LV pin = 0V, BOOST pin = open, ILOAD = 0mA, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX1044 ICL7660
PARAMETER CONDITIONS UNITS
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
TA = +25°C 30 200 80 175
RL = ∞,
pins 1 and 7 TA = 0°C to +70°C 200 225
Supply Current no connection, TA = -40°C to +85°C 200 250 µA
LV open
TA = -55°C to +125°C 200 250
RL = ∞, pins 1 and 7 = V+ = 3V 10
Supply Voltage RL = 10kΩ, LV open 3.0 10.0
V
Range (Note 1) RL = 10kΩ, LV to GND 1.5 10 1.5 3.5
TA = +25°C 65 100 55 100
IL = 20mA, TA = 0°C to +70°C 130 120
fOSC = 5kHz,
LV open TA = -40°C to +85°C 130 140
TA = -55°C to +125°C 150 150
Output Resistance Ω
TA = +25°C 325 250
fOSC = 2.7kHz (ICL7660),
fOSC = 1kHz (MAX1044), TA = 0°C to +70°C 325 300
V+ = 2V, IL = 3mA, TA = -40°C to +85°C 325 300
LV to GND
TA = -55°C to +125°C 400 400
COSC = 1pF, V+ = 5V 5 10
Oscillator Frequency kHz
LV to GND (Note 2) V+ = 2V 1
Power Efficiency RL = 5kΩ, TA = +25°C, fOSC 5kHz, LV open 95 98 95 98 %
Voltage Conversion Efficiency RL = ∞, TA = +25°C, LV open 97.0 99.9 99.0 99.9 %
Oscillator Sink or VOSC = 0V or V+, Pin 1 = 0V 3
µA
Source Current LV open Pin 1 = V+ 20
V+ = 2V 1.0 1.0 MΩ
Oscillator Impedance TA = +25°C
V+ = 5V 100 100 kΩ
Note 1: The Maxim ICL7660 and MAX1044 can operate without an external output diode over the full temperature and voltage
ranges. The Maxim ICL7660 can also be used with an external output diode in series with pin 5 (cathode at VOUT) when
replacing the Intersil ICL7660. Tests are performed without diode in circuit.
Note 2: fOSC is tested with COSC = 100pF to minimize the effects of test fixture capacitance loading. The 1pF frequency is
correlated to this 100pF test point, and is intended to simulate pin 7’s capacitance when the device is plugged into a
test socket with no external capacitor. For this test, the LV pin is connected to GND for comparison to the original
manufacturer’s device, which automatically connects this pin to GND for (V+ > 3V).
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND OUTPUT RIPPLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND OUTPUT RIPPLE
vs. LOAD CURRENT vs. LOAD CURRENT
-2.0 400 -5.0 800
MAX1044-Fig 1
MAX1044-Fig 2
OUTPUT OUTPUT VOLTAGE
350 -4.5 720
VOLTAGE A
-4.0 640
-1.5 300
MAX1044-Fig 4
MAX1044-Fig 3
A
-9 OUTPUT B 630 90 9
VOLTAGE C EFFICIENCY
-8 560 80 8
-7 490 70 7
BOOST = V+
EFFICIENCY (%)
-6 B: ICL7660 420 60 6
C: MAX1044 WITH
-5 350 50 5
BOOST = OPEN
-4 280 40 SUPPLY CURRENT 4
OUTPUT C V+ = 10V
-3 210 30 3
RIPPLE LV = OPEN
-2 140 20 2
B
V+ = 2V
-1 70 10 1
A LV = GND
0 0 0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)
MAX1044-Fig 6
B, C A
90 A 45 90 45
EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY
80 B 40 80 40
A: MAX1044 WITH
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
70 C 35 70 A: MAX1044 WITH 35
BOOST = V+ BOOST = V+
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
60 B: ICL7660 30 60 B: ICL7660 30
C: MAX1044 WITH C: MAX1044 WITH
50 BOOST = OPEN 25 50 25
BOOST = OPEN
40 SUPPLY CURRENT 20 40 SUPPLY CURRENT 20
30 15 30 15
V+ = 5V
20 LV = OPEN 10 20 10
V+ = 10V
10 5 10 LV = OPEN 5
0 0 0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)
MAX1044-Fig 7
MAX1044-Fig 8
90 MAX1044 WITH
10,000
C1, C2 = 10µF
C1, C2 = 1µF
80
1000
EFFICIENCY (%)
70
ICL7660 AND
100 MAX1044 WITH
60 BOOST = OPEN
EXTERNAL 10
50
HCMOS
OSCILLATOR
40 1
30 0.1
101 102 103 104 105 6x105 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz) COSC (pF)
MAX1044-Fig 10
MAX1044-Fig 9
A: MAX1044 WITH
BOOST = V+
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz)
80 B: ICL7600
A C: MAX1044 WITH
10,000 BOOST = OPEN
60
QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
10,000
MAX1044-Fig 11
QUIESCENT CURRENT (μA)
1000
USING
100 EXTERNAL
CAPACITOR
USING
10
EXTERNAL
HCMOS
OSCILLATOR
1
100 101 102 103 104 105 5x105
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz)
1044-Fig 12
MAX1044-Fig 13
1000
A 400
QUIESCENT CURRENT (μA)
MAX1044-Fig 15
MAX1044-Fig 14
EXTERNAL 180
900
HCMOS
800 OSCILLATOR 160
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω)
700 140
RESISTANCE (Ω)
600 120
C1, C2 = 100µF
C1, C2 = 10µF
500 100
C1, C2 = 1µF
400 80
300 60
200 40
100 20
0 0
101 102 103 104 105 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FREQUENCY (Hz) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT RESISTANCE
vs. TEMPERATURE
80
MAX1044-Fig 16
70
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω)
60 ICL7660,
MAX1044 WITH
BOOST = OPEN
50
40
30 MAX1044 WITH
BOOST = V+
20
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
BOOST Frequency Boost. Connecting BOOST to V+ increases the oscillator frequency by a factor of six.
(MAX1044) When the oscillator is driven externally, BOOST has no effect and should be left open.
1
N.C.
No Connection
(ICL7660)
2 CAP+ Connection to positive terminal of Charge-Pump Capacitor
3 GND Ground. For most applications, the positive terminal of the reservoir capacitor is connected to this pin.
4 CAP- Connection to negative terminal of Charge-Pump Capacitor
Negative Voltage Output. For most applications, the negative terminal of the reservoir capacitor is
5 VOUT
connected to this pin.
Low-Voltage Operation. Connect to ground for supply voltages below 3.5V.
6 LV
ICL7660: Leave open for supply voltages above 5V.
Oscillator Control Input. Connecting an external capacitor reduces the oscillator frequency. Minimize stray
7 OSC
capacitance at this pin.
8 V+ Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input. (1.5V to 10V). V+ is also the substrate connection.
V+ CAP+
pin 8 pin 2
S1 S2 S1 S2
V+
C1
1M
BOOST Q
OSCILLATOR
C2 pin 1
2
S3 S4 Q
VOUT = -(V+) OSC
pin 7
S3 S4
VOUT
pin 5
REGULATOR
INTERNAL
LV GND CAP-
pin 6 pin 3 pin 4
Design Information
f The MAX1044/ICL7660 are designed to provide a simple,
compact, low-cost solution where negative or doubled
V+ VOUT
supply voltages are needed for a few low-power com-
ponents. Figure 5 shows the basic negative voltage
C1 C2 RLOAD converter circuit. For many applications, only two external
capacitors are needed. The type of capacitor used is not
critical.
Proper Use of the Low-Voltage (LV) Pin
Figure 3a. Switched Capacitor Model Figure 4 shows an internal voltage regulator inside
the MAX1044/ICL7660. Use the LV pin to bypass this
regulator, in order to improve low-voltage performance
and allow operation down to 1.5V. For low-voltage opera-
REQUIV tion and compatibility with the industry-standard LTC1044
V+
and ICL7660, the LV pin should be connected to ground
VOUT
1
for supply voltages below 3.5V and left open for supply
REQUIV = voltages above 3.5V.
f x C1 C2 RLOAD
The MAX1044’s LV pin can be grounded for all operat-
ing conditions. The advantage is improved low-voltage
performance and increased oscillator frequency. The
disadvantage is increased quiescent current and reduced
Figure 3b. Equivalent Circuit efficiency at higher supply voltages. For Maxim’s ICL7660,
the LV pin must be left open for supply voltages above 5V.
where f is one-half the oscillator frequency. This resis- When operating at low supply voltages with LV open,
tance is a major component of the output impedance of connections to the LV, BOOST, and OSC pins should
switched-capacitor circuits like the MAX1044/ICL7660. be short or shielded to prevent EMI from causing
As shown in Figure 4, the MAX1044/ICL7660 contain oscillator jitter.
MOSFET switches, the necessary transistor drive cir-
cuitry, and a timing oscillator.
CONNECTION
+ FROM V+
+ TO BOOST
1 8 V+ VOUT = -(V+)
1 8 V+
MAX1044 CBYPASS
2 7
C1 ICL7660 C2 2 MAX1044 7
10µF 10µF
3 6 * 10F
3 6
COSC
VOUT = -(V+)
4 5
4 5
10F
*REQUIRED FOR V+ < 3.5V
Figure 5. Basic Negative Voltage Converter Figure 6. Negative Voltage Converter with COSC and BOOST
Inrush Current and EMI Considerations The next two losses are associated with the output resis-
tance of the voltage converter circuit. Switch losses occur
During start-up, pump capacitors C1 and C2 must be
because of the on-resistances of the MOSFET switches
charged. Consequently, the MAX1044/ICL7660 develop
in the IC. Charge-pump capacitor losses occur because
inrush currents during start-up. While operating, short
of their ESR. The relationship between these losses and
bursts of current are drawn from the supply to C1, and
the output resistance is as follows:
then from C1 to C2 to replenish the charge drawn by the
load during each charge-pump cycle. If the voltage con- PPUMP + PSWITCH = IOUT2 x ROUT
verters are being powered by a high-impedance source,
CAPACITOR LOSSES
the supply voltage may drop too low during the current LOSSES
bursts for them to function properly. Furthermore, if the
supply or ground impedance is too high, or if the traces where:
between the converter IC and charge-pump capacitors
are long or have large loops, switching noise and EMI 1
R OUT ≅ +
may be generated. To reduce these effects: (f OSC / 2) x C1
1) Power the MAX1044/ICL7600 from a low-impedance 4( 2R SWITCHES + E SRC1 ) + E SRC2
source.
2) Add a power-supply bypass capacitor with low and fOSC is the oscillator frequency.
effective series resistance (ESR) close to the IC
The first term is the effective resistance from the switched-
between the V+ and ground pins.
capacitor circuit.
3) Shorten traces between the IC and the charge-pump
Conversion losses occur during the transfer of charge
capacitors.
between capacitors C1 and C2 when there is a voltage
4) Arrange the components to keep the ground pins of difference between them. The power loss is:
the capacitors and the IC as close as possible.
5) Leave extra copper on the board around the voltage
converter as power and ground planes. This is easily
1
( 2 2
2 C1 (V + ) − VOUT +
PCONV.LOSS ≅
)
× f OSC /2
done on a double-sided PC board. 1 C2 V
2 ( 2
RIPPLE − 2VOUT VRIPPLE )
Increasing Efficiency Note that lower capacitor values can be used for lower
Efficiency can be improved by lowering output voltage output currents. For example, setting the oscillator to
ripple and output impedance. Both output voltage ripple 40Hz by connecting a 1000pF capacitor to OSC provides
and output impedance can be reduced by using large the highest efficiency possible. Leaving the bucket and
capacitors with low ESR. reservoir capacitors at 100μF gives a maximum IOUT of
2mA, a no-load quiescent current of 10μA, and a power
The output voltage ripple can be calculated by noting that
conversion efficiency of 98%.
the output current is supplied solely from capacitor C2
during one-half of the charge-pump cycle. General Precautions
1) Connecting any input terminal to voltages greater
1
VRIPPLET ≅ + 2 x ESR C2 I OUT than V+ or less than ground may cause latchup. Do
2 × f OSC x C 2 not apply any input sources operating from external
Slowing the oscillator frequency reduces quiescent supplies before device power-up.
current. The oscillator frequency can be reduced by 2) Never exceed maximum supply voltage ratings.
connecting a capacitor to the OSC pin. 3) Do not connect C1 and C2 with the wrong polarity.
Reducing the oscillator frequency increases the rip- 4) Do not short V+ to ground for extended periods with
ple voltage in the MAX1044/ICL7660. Compensate by supply voltages above 5.5V present on other pins.
increasing the values of the bucket and reservoir capaci-
5) Ensure that VOUT (pin 5) does not go more positive
tors. For example, in a negative voltage converter, the
than GND (pin 3). Adding a diode in parallel with C2,
pump frequency is around 4kHz or 5kHz. With the rec-
with the anode connected to VOUT and cathode to LV,
ommended 10μF bucket and reservoir capacitors, the
will prevent this condition.
circuit consumes about 70μA of quiescent current while
providing 20mA of output current. Setting the oscillator to Application Circuits
400Hz by connecting a 100pF capacitor to OSC reduces
the quiescent current to about 15μA. Maintaining 20mA Negative Voltage Converter
output current capability requires increasing the bucket Figure 8 shows a negative voltage converter, the most
and reservoir capacitors to 100μF. popular application of the MAX1044/ICL7660. Only two
external capacitors are needed. A third power-supply
bypass capacitor is recommended (0.1μF to 10μF)
V+
+ +
1 BOOST 8 V+ 1 8
CBYPASS MAX1044
2 MAX1044 7 0.1µF 2 7 VOUT = 2(V+) - 2VD
ICL7660
C1 ICL7660
10µF 3 6
3 6
4 LV 5 VOUT = -(V+) 4 5 C1 C2
C2
10µF
Figure 8. Negative Voltage Converter with BOOST and LV Figure 9. Voltage Doubler
Connections
Positive Voltage Doubler positive voltage. This circuit has higher output imped-
Figure 9 illustrates the recommended voltage doubler ances resulting from the use of a common charge-pump
circuit for the MAX1044/ICL7660. To reduce the volt- driver.
age drops contributed by the diodes (VD), use Schottky Cascading Devices
diodes. For true voltage doubling or higher output cur-
Larger negative multiples of the supply voltage can
rents, use the MAX660.
be obtained by cascading MAX1044/ICL7660 devices
Voltage Divider (Figure 12). The output voltage is nominally VOUT =
The voltage divider shown in Figure 10 splits the power -n(V+) where n is the number of devices cascaded. The
supply in half. A third capacitor can be added between V+ output voltage is reduced slightly by the output resistance
and VOUT. of the first device, multiplied by the quiescent current
of the second, etc. Three or more devices can be cas-
Combined Positive Multiplication and caded in this way, but output impedance rises dramati-
Negative Voltage Conversion cally. For example, the output resistance of two cascaded
Figure 11 illustrates this dual-function circuit. Capacitors MAX1044s is approximately five times the output resis-
C1 and C3 perform the bucket and reservoir functions for tance of a single voltage converter. A better solution may
generating the negative voltage. Capacitors C2 and C4 be an inductive switching regulator, such as the MAX755,
are the bucket and reservoir capacitors for the doubled MAX759, MAX764, or MAX774.
+ + V+
V+
1 8 1 8
VOUT = -(V+)
MAX1044 2 MAX1044 7
2 7
ICL7660 ICL7660 C3
C1 C1 3 LV 6
3 6
10µF
4 LV 5 4 5
Figure 10. Voltage Divider Figure 11. Combined Positive and Negative Converter
+ + +
1 8 V+ 1 8 1 8
MAX1044 MAX1044 MAX1044
2 ICL7660 7 2 ICL7660 7 2 ICL7660 7
10µF 10µF
3 6 3 6 3 6
10µF
VOUT = -n(V+)
4 5 4 5 4 5
1 2 3
Paralleling Devices
+
Paralleling multiple MAX1044/ICL7660s reduces output
resistance and increases current capability. As illustrated
1 8 V+
in Figure 13, each device requires its own pump capacitor
2 MAX1044 7 C1, but the reservoir capacitor C2 serves all devices. The
C1
ICL7660 equation for calculating output resistance is:
3 6
R OUT (of MAX1044 or ICL7660)
4 5 R OUT =
1 n (number of devices)
+
Shutdown Schemes
1 8 Figures 14a–14c illustrate three ways of adding shutdown
capability to the MAX1044/ICL7660. When using these
2 MAX1044 7 circuits, be aware that the additional capacitive loading
ICL7660 VOUT = -(V+)
C1 on the OSC pin will reduce the oscillator frequency. The
3 6 C2 first circuit has the least loading on the OSC pin and has
4 5 the added advantage of controlling shutdown with a high
n or low logic level, depending on the orientation of the
switching diode.
Chip Topographies
MAX1044
GND CAP+ BOOST ICL7660
V+
0.084"
0.076" CAP+
(2.1mm)
(1.930mm)
GND
CAP- OSC
V+ CAP-
VOUT LV
VOUT
LV OSC
0.076" 0.060"
(1.930mm) (1.5mm)
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns
(footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note
that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status
only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but
the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
Revision History
REVISION REVISION PAGES
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER DATE CHANGED
2 2/17 Updated part numbers in Ordering Information table 13
3 6/19 Removed TDFN-EP package information 13
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please visit Maxim Integrated’s online storefront at https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/storefront/storefront.html.
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. © 2019 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. │ 14
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