Chaidez 1

Jose Chaidez

Education 202

Professor Connie Christensen

Timeline From 1600s to 2000s.

1600s

- Christopher Lamb was a professor.

- Girls most likely stay for one to two years: learn how to read so that they can read the bible to

be better wives and mother.

- Boys and girls will read the Testament aloud.

- Colonial of New England the cradle of American Education.

- Education was to save souls, reading, writing and moral development all revolved around the

Bible.

- Girls will learn homemaking skills and boys will learn crafts, managing farms, and shops.

- Boys will live with masters who would teach them those skills.

- 1619 in America, Blacks and Native Americans were typically denied educational

opportunities.

- 1635 fifteen years after arriving in America’s wilderness, the Puritans established their first

Latin grammar school in Boston.

- 1636 Harvard College was the first college in America, the jewel in the Puritans’ religious and

educational crown.

- 1642 puritans from Commonwealth Massachusetts passed a law requiring that parents and
 Chaidez 2

masters of apprentices be checked periodically to ensure that children were being taught

properly.

- 1647 The Massachusetts Law of 1647 also known as the Old Deluder Satan Law: Every town

of fifty households must appoint and pay a teacher of reading and writing. Every town of one

hundred households must provide a (Latin) grammar school to prepare youths for the university,

under a penalty of £5 for failure to do so.

- 1680 Laws had spread throughout most of New England.

- Cicero, Ovid, Eramus, Socrates, and Homer.

- 1687 Town council of Farmington, Connecticut, voted money for school where all children

should learn to read and write English.

1700s

- The least desirable educational apprenticeship opportunities were left to the poor.

- Some civic minded communities made basic education in reading and writing more available to

the poor, but only to families who would publicly admit their poverty by signing a “Pauper’s

Oath.”

- Grammar school had incorporated mathematics, science, and modern languages.

- Northern colonies were settle by Puritans who made community schools dedicated to teaching

the Bible a predictable development.

- Middle colonies the range of Europeans religious and ethnic groups (Puritans, catholic,

Mennonites, the Dutch, and Swedes) limited tolerance for diversity. Various religious groups

established schools, and apprenticeships groomed youngsters for a variety of careers, including

teaching. Commerce and mercantile demands promoted the creation of private schools.
 Chaidez 3

- 1700s Private schools were functioning in Philadelphia and New York, teaching, accounting,

navigation, French, and Spanish.

- St. Augustine was the first city in North America where Spanish settlers established schools.

- Southern English colonies stayed behind in Education.

-In the southern colonies, the rural areas developed an educational system about plantation

society.

- Wealthy plantation owners hired tutors to teach their children at home academic skills and

social graces.

- Wealthy young men looking for a higher education had to go to Europe.

- Poor white children had home instruction reading, writing and computation.

- The Church of England.

- 1700s Thomas Jefferson.

- 1740 First law prohibiting education of slaves passed in South Carolina.

- 1749 Benjamin Franklin signed the Proposals Relating to the Youth of Pennsylvania, a new

academy will replace the Latin grammar school.

- 1751 Franklin Academy was established; it was a secondary school. Free of religions and

students had secondary range courses to choose from.

- Franklin Academy eventually became the University of Pennsylvania.

- 1785 Land Ordinance Act, reserve a piece of land for educational purposes.

- 1787 Northwest Ordinance to reserve a piece of land for educational purposes.

1800s

- Immigrants, farmers, urban laborers wanted more participation in the democracy.

 Chaidez 4

- 1821 English Classical School was the first free secondary school in Boston. 176 boys

enrolled such high school.

- 1822 Sequoyah invented Cherokee syllabary which means to write in Cherokee language

- 1823 Mississippi passes a law where no more than six Negroes were allowed to gather for

educational purposes.

- 1824 Federal government stablished Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) started to place native

people in reservations.

- Indian boarding schools were making schools to teach native students to be more like the

European value and parents refused to send their children to reservation schools.

- 1828 Andrew Jackson listened to the minorities groups and their demands to access to

education.

- Horace Mann became the nation’s leading advocate for the establishment of a common school

opened to all. 119. Now they are known as elementary schools.

- 1830 Louisiana passed a law where anyone getting caught teaching slaves how to read or write

would get prison time.

- 1830 Prudence Crandall founded her own school for girls in the neighboring town of

Canterbury.

- 1833 Connecticut legislature passed a Black Law; prohibiting the foundation of schools to

teach African Americans schools without the permission of local authorities.

- Clandestine schools were formed in large cities and towns of the south to educate slaves.

- 1837 Creation of the Massachusetts State Board of Education with now known state

superintendent.

- Henry Barnard helped Horace Mann to establish public schools.

 Chaidez 5

- Normal schools were established in Massachusetts where future educators were getting ready

in pedagogy.

- Fight between private schools, religious groups and others that free public schools were not

necessary because those students would challenge the rules and standards they had set up for

many years but Horace Mann helped public elementary schools happen and educated future

educators to get those students ready to develop their skills.

- 1837 Friedrich Froebel founded the first Kindergarten.

- 1850s Chinese immigration started to appear in the United States.

- 1850s Harriet Beecher Stowe, Myrtilla Miner established the Miner Normal School for

Colored Girls in nation’s capital.

- 1852 Similar school was established for girls in Boston.

- 1855 Margaretta Schurz established a German-language kindergarten in Wisconsin.

- 1860 The first English-language kindergarten and training school for kindergarten teachers

was established by Elizabeth Peabody in Boston.

- 1874 Kalamazoo, Michigan case, the courts ruled that taxes could be used to support

secondary schools.

- 1875 Superintendent of Quincy, Massachusetts Francis Parker introduced progressive

principals to his teachers.

- 1880 Almost 10 million Americans were assisting elementary schools.

- 1880 Private and public universities were established.

- 1880s Indian traders appeared in New England

- 1882 An act blocked Chinese immigration.

- 1886 Japanese government legalized emigration.

 Chaidez 6

- 1892 The National Education Association (NEA) established the Committee of Ten where a

national policy for high schools was made; get students ready for college.

- 1895 The faculty of the University of Virginia concluded that “women were often physically

unsexed by the strains of study.” (Sadker and Zittleman, 2018, p.140)

- 1896 Separate but equal was passed by court in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson

- 1898 Puerto Rico became territory of the United States.

- 1898 Spanish-American War ended, and the United States acquired the Philippines.

1900s

- 1900 200,000 Mexican Americans were living in the South-west of the U.S.

- Mid-century, men dominated teaching.

- Women in teaching careers were seen as “unsexed” because men had control of the career.

- Catherine Beecher feminist.

- Demand for more and inexpensive teachers made the hiring of female teachers inevitable.

- Schools preferred unmarried and unlikely to marry female teachers for them to fully dedicate

time to work.

- President Theodore Roosevelt fear that having many women in teaching work field put at risk

the white race because they were working instead of having babies.

- 1907 Mississippi spent $5.02 for the education of white student and only $1.10 for each black

kid.

- 1907 Indian laborers were attacked by racist mobs in Bellingham, Washington triggering other

riots and expulsions throughout the Pacific region.

 Chaidez 7

- 1908 Maria Montessori established a children’s school called the Casa dei Bambini to provide

education for disadvantaged children from the slums of Rome.

- 1909 First junior high school in Columbus, Ohio. Grades 7,8, and 9, core curriculum made to

answer the academic, physiological, social, and psychological characteristics of preadolescents.

Later redefined to grade levels 5 through 8.

- 1917 Jones Act gave free movement for Puerto Ricans to come and to between the U.S and

Puerto Rico.

- 1918 NEA committee members focused on getting students ready for their life roles.

- 1919 The Progressive Education Association formed.

- 1920 A pattern of separate and unequal Mexican American schools was born in the south-west

part of the country.

- 1920 Japanese number increased in the United States to 110,000.

- 1920s and 1930s Educator John Dewey voiced the progressive principals across schools

nationwide.

- 1924 Congress passed an immigration bill that halted Japanese immigration to the U.S.

- 1924 Mississippi spent more than $1 million dollar for white student transportation to long

distanced schools and no money was invest for black students’ transportation to schools.

- The South of the country had the De jure segregation; segregation by law or by official.

- The North of the country had the De facto (unofficial) segregation; discriminatory patterns for

housing.

- 1930 Depression hit the economy; government became more involve in education.

- At the end of World war II, married women were hired as teachers.

- 1930s Eight-Year Study done by the Progressive Education Association was done to see
 Chaidez 8

which educational form was better between traditional and progressive.

- 1930s Kenneth Clark and his wife bought white and black dolls and asked white and black

children to pick out the pretty, nice and bad dolls. White and black children picked out white

dolls as the pretty and nice ones and black dolls as the bad ones.

- 1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act limited immigration of Filipinos to the United States to fifty per

year.

- 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan.

- 1942 President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order No. 9006: west coast would be a

military area and all residents would be relocated.

- 1946 a law allowed Indian naturalization and immigration was passed.

- 1950s Cuban immigration increased in the United States.

- 1950s declared war on liberal ideas made homosexuality a threat in America.

- Married males were preferred in America who could validate their masculinity.

- 1950 Sylvia Ashton-Warner developed innovative teaching techniques that influenced

teachers around the world and mostly in the U.S.

- 1954 the Supreme Court decided in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that

schools must desegregate.

- 1957 There is a race of science, engineering, math education between the U.S. and Soviet

Union to space.

- 1958 Congress passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA), to develop mental

resources and technical skills of its students.

- Second half of the century, society moved from agrarian to industrial and secondary schools

were viewed as inadequate to meet their needs.

 Chaidez 9

- 1960 Kenneth Clark became the first black to be tenured at City College of New York.

- 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson and Congress moved boldly to eradicate racial segregation.

- 1965 New immigration act allowed a significant increase of Filipinos immigration

- 1970 Gender-segregated programs were the rule in educational programs.

- 1972 Title IX of the Education Amendments gave females significant progress towards

gaining access to educational programs, but not equality.

- 1975 Before that year, there was a small percentage of immigrants from the southeast part of

the world.

- 1975 The last refugee camp was closed.

- 1975 The fall of Saigon.

- 1976 Second wave of Southeast Asian refugees.

- 1983 A report by the National Commission on Excellence in Education titled A Nation at

Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform was reporting how declining test scores, weak

performances by U.S. students influenced states to require more testing for both students and

teachers and more testing and classes required to be able to graduate.

2000s

- Today, native American students assist public schools where they have lost their values.

- Early male teachers became victims of being accused for being gay.

- 2001 Attack on the World Trade Center and Pentagon created a tension between U.S and Arab

descents.

- 2007 Supreme Court ruled striking down plans in Seattle and Louisville that used race to
 Chaidez 10

assign k-12 students to public schools.

- Women won greater access to educational programs at all levels.

Reference

Sadker, D. M., & Zittleman, K. R. (2018). Teachers,Schools,and Society (5th ed., pp 113-149).

Penn Plaza, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.