MANUAL

FOR

FLOW THROUGH ORIFICE

New No. 3, Old no. 2, S.V . Koil Street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044) 2225 3777, 4352 1779 | Cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.co
 FLOW THROUGH ORIFICE

(variable head method)

DESCRIPTION:

An orifice is a small opening provided in a vessel, through which the liquid flows.
The orifice may be provided in the side wall or bottom of the vessel. Co-efficient of discharge
(Cd) is the ratio between the actual discharge (Oa) and the theoretical discharge (Qt).

The unit consists of a M.S supply tank of cross section area 0.3×0.3 sq.m Provided
with an inlet diffuser for damping level oscillations, an overflow outlet, a gauge glass tube –
scale fitting and a provision for fixing interchangeable orifice . Water is supplied to the tank
from a pump through a regulating gate valve. Water from the orifice is collected in the collecting
tank. A sump tank is provided to store water.

PROCEDURE:

1. The internal plan dimensions of the orifice tank and the diameter of the orifice are
measured.
2. By regulating the supply valve, water is allowed into the orifice tank is allowed to
descent.
3. The supply valve is completely closed and the water level in the orifice tank is
allowed to descent.
4. When the descending water crosses the selected head h1, the stop watch is started and
the time ‘T’ taken for the water to cross the head h2 is noted.
5. The above procedure is repeated for different valve of h 1 and h2 and the time taken in
each case is observed.
6. The observations is tabulated and the co-efficient of discharge calculated.

FORMULAE USED:

Cd = 2A(√h1-√h)
Ta√2g
T = Time required for the liquid to descend from head h1 to head h2
A = Internal plan area of the orifice tank
a = Area of orifice
g = Acceleration due to gravity
h1 = Initial head in the orifice tank
h2 = final head in the orifice tank
Cd = co-efficient of discharge

New No. 3, Old no. 2, S.V . Koil Street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044) 2225 3777, 4352 1779 | Cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.co
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS:

Diameter of orifice d = mm
Internal plan dimension of collecting tank,
Length, I = mm
Breadth, b = mm

s.no Head ‘h’ Time for H=100 mm

(mm) Rise ‘t’ sec √h1 √h2 √h1-√h2 Co-efficient
of discharge
Average
H1 H2 1 2

Mean value of Cd =

MODEL CALCULATION: (Reading no. )

Area of orifice a = πd2/4 (mm2)

Internal plan area of collection tank A = I×b (mm2)

Coefficient of discharge Cd = 2A (√h1-√h2 )

Ta√2g

GRAPH:

Qa vs √h ----- √h on X-axis

RESULT:

Average co-efficient of discharge of the orifice, Cd

New No. 3, Old no. 2, S.V . Koil Street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
Phone: +91 (044) 2225 3777, 4352 1779 | Cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Email: sales@elshaddaiengg.com, support@elshaddaiengg.com www.elshaddaiengg.co