LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

Anatomy - study of different structures (ex. ano 'to? anong part ng katawan)
Physiology - study of structures' function (normal function of the body)
Pathophysiology - study of disease (the abnormal function of the body)

Standard Anatomical Position

- in med. "anatomical position"
- Human standing erect with the face directed forward, the arms hanging on the
sides,and the palms facing forward, the thumbs pointing away from the body, and the
feet slightly apart with the toes pointing forward.
- as shown in pic: frontal view & lateral view (harap & side view)
- take note of the thumb and palms!!! & yung feet

Anatomical Positions
- Supine is anterior surface facing up. (nakalihaya or higa)
- Prone - facing down (nakadapa)

Anatomical Regions
- two diff AR: Axial & Appendicular
- Axial: head, neck, and trunk
- AACCFIPTU
- Appendicular: arms and legs
- BCCFPPPT
- cubital - antecubital fossal
- phlebotomy, venipuncture, extraction - extracting blood

Abdominal Quadrants and Regions

- Abdomen
- 4 Quadrants & 9 Regions
- Q: right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
- right lower: appendicitis (for male & female); ovarian cancer, ovarian torsion
(female - think of ovary and fallopian tube diseases -- includes left lower)
- right upper - liver, gall bladder (ins liver), transverse colon & ascending colon
(upper), kidney (retroperotonial - spleen - behind ur perotonium) -- gall stones
(colellothiasis)
- R: right hypocondriac, epigastric, left hypo
right lumbar, umbilical reg, left lumbar
right iliac reg, hypogastric, left iliac
- epigastric pain - peptic ulcer; oldies (myocardial infarction - heart attack)
- hypogastric pain - dysmenorrhea or PMS (before menstruation) (female)

- ano yung cecum? first part of colon; doon nakakabit yung appendix
- ascending colon - taas ng colon, pag gumilid, transverse na, if bumaba,
descending;
pababa ng anus - rectum

sang reg ang transvers - epigastric, pwede left hypo

part of tran colon is also part of umbilical reg

Transverse colon can be found in the right hypochondriac region, epigastric region,
and left hypochondriac region but can also be found in the umbilical region.
upper gitna is ur stomach

Anatomical Terms of Direction

- anterior/ventral - front or belly
- posterior/dorsal - back side
- superior/cranial - closer to the top of the head of acial
- inferior/caudal - farther; axial
- medial - towards the midline
- lateral - away
- proximal (appendic reg) - malapit
- distal - malayo
ex. shoulder/acromial - p: cubital; d: carpal
- superficial - closer to the surface
- intermediate - middle
- deep - farther from d surface
ex. epidermis - i: dermis; d: hypo

Anatomical Planes (or sections)

- associated kasi ito yung cuts (paanong gusto mong cut); used in imaging exams
(mri, scans) -- plane, sections, cuts are the same
- sagittal plane - separates right from left; cut in the middle
- mid-sag or median plane - exactly in the middl; equal part
- para-sagittal - cutting a part of something separating is from right and
left; di naman asa midline, medj gilid
ex. may mask sa right cheek, u want to cut the mask sagitally, ("para" means
medyo gilid).
- transverse or horizontal - separates top from bottom
- aka cross sec
- ex. yung face, horizontal mo siya icucut
- frontal or coronal - separates front from back
- remember crown, pag naglalagay ka ng crown, separating front and back,
tandaan yung hati, hatiin yung part ng front and back
- oblique plane/section - nakacut with an angle
- dadaanan niya yung transverse or sagittal planes
- need lang may masagasaan na ibang planes