Chapter 4

a. C12:0 = Lauric acid

C16:0 = Palmitic acid
b. Hydrolysis is where fat and oil contain ester group can be hydrolyzed with aqueos acod
or enzymes
c. i) Batch process and continuous process
ii) The crude fat pass through the tower from bottom to top as a coherent phase, while
the heavy splitting water travels down wards as a dispersed phase through the mixture
of fat and fatty acid.

Chapter 5

a) The crude fat pass through the tower from bottom to top as a coherent phase, while the heavy
splitting water travels down wards as a dispersed phase through the mixture of fat and fatty
acid. The crude fat pass through the tower from bottom to top as a coherent phase, while the
heavy splitting water travels down wards as a dispersed phase through the mixture of fat and
fatty acid.
b)

c) - High energy return and displace petroleum based fuels

-Biodiesel reduces life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions
-Biodiesel reduces tailpipe emissions except NOx.