12.13. Mechanics of an Independent Suspension System It is convenient to consider the action of different types of forces between wheel and : ground separately. Then the final forces on the limbs can be calculated by superimposing the forces due to each action. The independent suspension shown in Fig. 12.45 is under the action of vertical force R only. ‘The stub axle and wheel assembly are in equilibrium under R and the forces acting on the pivots A and C. There are no transverse forces acting on link AB. Therefore, the force acting on pivot A must be along AB so that its, line of action intersects with that of R at the point O through which the forces U at the pivot, C also passes. The force P on the link AB is tensile while Q that acts on the link CD is compressive. The force in the spring is denoted by S. The inclinations of inks AB and CD with horizontal are respectively denoted by «and , where as y denotes the inclination of OC to the Fig, 12.45. Independent suspension under the action of vehicle force. vertical. Now for the equilibrium of stub axle assembly, Poosa=Usiny 4 or f cos asin y and R=P sina +U cos y=P sina +P cos a cot y or (sin + cos @. cot ). ‘Now substituting for P in the equation for U, gives U= Ri(sin y tan «+ cos y). EMp=Ogives, Sb=Ua. or U alb = R (alb) (sin y tan a + c0s y). Now Q=U sin (y ~ B)=R sin (y ~ By/(sin y tan 0 + cos 4). ‘The action of horizontal force F is shown in Fig. 12.46. In this case also, as before, the line of action of F and that of the force at pivot A intersect at O giving the line of action of the force