QOO/MN=>>I CS-4125 oe INSTRUCTION MANUAL KENWDOD CORPORATIONSymbol in Tis Manat, {This sym inicates where applicable cautionary or other information ito be found. Power Source ‘This equipment operates from a power source that not apply more than 250V rms, betsveen the supply conductors or between either supply conductor and groand. A protective ground connection by way of the grounding conductor in the power ‘cord is essential for safe operation. Grounding the Product ‘This equipment is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord. To avoid electrical shock, plug the power cord into a properly wired receptacle before conne:ting to the equipment input or output terminals. Use the Proper Power Cord Use only the ower cord and connector specified for your product. Use the Proper Fuse ‘To avoid fire azard, use a fuse ofthe correct type. Do nat Operate in Explosive Atmospheres ‘To avoid exphosion, do not operate this product in an explosive atmosphere. Do not Remove Caver or Panel ‘To avoid personal injury, do not remove the cover or panel. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. If the equipment is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the ‘equipment may be impaired.SICHERHEIT ‘symbol in dieser Anteitung ‘A\ Dieses Symbol Zeigt an, wo Sichetheitshinweise und andere wichtige Infor ‘mationen2u finden snd. Spannungsquelle Dieses Geri ist mit einer Spannungsquelle 2a bereiben, bei der nicht metr als 250 Vetf Zwischen den Versorgungsleitern bzw. zwischen Versorgungsleiter und Erde anliegen. Eine ordaungsgemife Erdung Mer den Schutaeiter des Netzka— bel ist fe sicheren Betrieb erfordertich Exdung des Gerits Das Geri wird her den Schutzleiter des Netzkabels geerdet, Zur Verhtitung clektrischer Schltige zaniichst den Netzstecker in eine entsprechende Steckdose iit Schutzkontakt stecken und erst dann die Zinbew. Ausgangsbuchsen des Gerits beschalten. Geeignetes Netzkabel verwenden ‘Sets ein Netzkabel verwenden, dessen Ausfthrung und Stecker der Geriitespezi fikation entspricht. Goeignete Sicherung verwenden Zar Verhitung eines Brandes stets eine Sicherung mit den korrekten Kennwerten verwenden, [Nicht in explosionsgefthricher Umgebung betreiben Zar Verbittung einer Explosion das Gert nicht in explosions geftrlicher Umge~ bung betreiben, Deckel und Abdeckungen nicht entfernen “Bur Verhiitung eines Personenschadens weber Deckel noch Abdeckungen entfer~ nen. Alle Wartungs - und Instandselzungsarbeitenstets qualifiziertem Pachper- sonal tberlassen, SICHERHEIT Wenn das Geli auf eine nicht spezifzierte Weise benutzt wird, ist der von dem Gert gelieferte Schutz beeintrchtigt.ee | SAFETY AND EQUIPMENT PROTECTION PRECAUTIONS aes OPERATING PROCEDURES SINGLE TRACE OPERATION ... Alternating Current Display ‘Compose Video Signal Display DUAL TRACE OPERATION .. ‘Switching Vertical Operation Modes Switching Trigger Source External Trigger Line Trigger vost ‘SWEEP MAGNIFIED OPERATION X-Y OPERATION APPLICATIONS, “Measuring Voltage Between Two points on a Waveform. ‘CommonMode Rejection Measuaing Direct Current (DC) Voltage ‘Measuring Signal with Low Frequency Components ‘Measuring Signal with High Frequency Components Measuring Time Between Two Points. ‘Measuring Frequencies MAINTENANCE, BUSE REFLACEMENT .. CHANGING VOLTAGE REQUIREMENTS CLEANING .. SPECIFICATIONS. OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT . How to Attach the Accessory BagSAFETY AND EQUIPMENT PROTECTION PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check your line voltage before use. The exillscope voltage rating appears fon the back ofthe set. If your line vollageis different from the oscilloscope's rating, there isa danger of malfunctioning. You should plugin the cord only after making sure that the two voltage ratings are the same. 2, The oscilloscope is equipped with internal components that are highly charged ‘electrically. For your own protection, donot for any reason remove the set's casing. Use this oscilloscope indoors. ‘This oscilloscope is designed for indoor use only. Do not use it outdoors. If it is used outdoors, water penetrates into the esclloscope through the vent holes when it rainsor snows, causing shortcicuit, electric shecks, electro ction or other dangerous accidents. Do not lock the vent holes. Do not place this osillocope close tothe wall, other instruments or the like, Do not place any object cn this oscilloscope. If the vent holes of the casing fare blocked, the temperature inside the oscilloscope rises excessively, resulting in the possibility of smoke, fre or other accidents. Do not use the oscilloscope in the ftlowing ‘ocations. @ tn direct sunlight. @ in extremely hot and/or humid areas. tn areas afected by high levels of mechanical vibration. © Around areas with strong tines of magne force or impulse voltage. © A place where explosive gas or Vapor is produced or stored. 6 Make sure thatthe vollage applied o cach input terminal dos not exceed the ‘maximum amounts specified. A\CH, CH2 and EXT.TRIG input termina’ 0Vp-p or 0VeDC+ACpea) \2.A31S input terminals: 84Vp-por 42 VDDCrACpea) Moreover, do ot unde any circumstances apply voltage tothe output erm tls from external power sources.7. In onder to prevent the CRT's fluorescent screen from scorching, do rot adjust the brightness higher than necessary and do not leave the spotting function on for long, periods of time. 8. The set has been equipped with handle, so that you can position i in either horizontal or diagonal positions. However, do not place any objects on top of the set or position it in areas where the ventilation holes in the casing are blocked in any way. Such blockage will cause the temperature of the internal components to increase, resulting in possible damage to the unit. Do not put Liquid, metal or other foreign matters through the vent hol, ete. 9. Do not use X 10MAG during X-¥ operation. Wave pattern noise tends to occur when X IOMAG is used. 10, The probe has been manufactured with the same level of delicate precision as the oscillosenpe itself. Be very careful when handling it.— @ igh Sensitivity @ Wide Bands © continuous Switching Attenuator @ High Speed Sweep @ High Accuracy @ Large Aperture @ Trace Rotation @ Auto Free Run @ Television Trigger Signal Selection @ one Touch X-¥ © Automatic Tigger Signal Sletion ecu orpur © VERT MoDE Trigger @ Fixed Triggering © Automatic Focusing @renate © Variable Attensation Probe FEATURES = Sensitivity as i mV/Aiv. The frequency hand is DC to SMH2 (~34B) at 1, 2mV/div and DC to 40MHe (C5~4125: 20ME2} (-34B) from 5mV/div. + A rotary switch enables vertical axis sensitivity to be adjusted continuously from ImV/div to 8V Hiv. High speed swaeping is possible al a time base of 20 ns/div (during X 10MAG).. Accuracy is within 3% for both vertical axis sensi— tivity and sweep time. + The 150 mm rectangular CRT monitor features ‘an internal graticule easy visual recognition of waveforms. The waveforms displayed in high brightness can be monitored with no parallax. Acceleration village: [CS~4135: 12KV, CS-4125: 2kVi. + The horizontal trace angles easily corrected. ‘The trace can be checked even when there are no ‘tigger signals tobe input. With a specialy designed circuit, adjustment— free, stable synchronization for both frames and lines can be realized over the whole range from large to small amplitudes. Switching to X-Y operation at the touch of a lever switch. + Trigger signals can be selected automatically according fo the VERT MODE control setting by Simply switching the SOURCE control to VERT. + Achannel 1 ovtput terminal has been added for ‘CH! input signal monitoring. + CHL and CHD input signals are triggered sepa~ rately even if they have different frequencies. Fix triggering exempts the user from trouble~ some triggering operations. + Out-of-focus is automatically corrected when the intensity iechanged. ‘A convenient handle adjustable to two tlt angles. + The variable attenuation probe provides attenta~ tion nt enti of 1/1, halptal for measurement of quite ow level signals.PREFACE =| @ This manual describes the functions and operations of the CS-4135 and cs-ais5. Most descriptions about the panes and operations are common to these ‘models Diferent functions and operations are enciose in brackets || by designating the model. Rea the descriptions fr the model you purcset © Description of symbol displayed on the equipment. ‘Symbal Explanation/Description Alternating Current Protective Conductor Terminal || Frame or chassis terminal Quick acting fuse ‘Time lag fusePANEL EXPLANATION Figure 1. Front Fanel FRONT PANEL a @ ® “ © 6 ‘Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) ‘The effective display screen surface runs over an area of eight lem divi~ sions along the vertical axis and ten 1em divisions along the horizontal axis. With an inner graticule etched right onto the tube face, the chance of ‘measurement errors due to parallax occurring between the trace and the sgraticule have been significantly reduced. There is also a % display for ‘measuring rise time onthe left edge ofthe graticule. POWER Switch ( ON/JLOFP) ‘A push-button type switch that turns the power source on and off. Press ing the switch turns the power on, Pressing it again turns power off. Pilot Lamp Light ups when the power is turned on. CAL Terminal [A voltage terminal for calibration. ‘To be used for adjusting the probe. (Capable of 1 volt peak to peak, positive polarity, square wave signals with approx. IKI is enabled. INTENSITY Control For adjusting the brightness ofthe trace ne. FOCUS Controt For adjusting the focus and attaining the clearest displays possible. The automatic focusing corrects out-of-focas automatically even when the INTEN control is turned. However, it may result in slight out-of-focus. 8® ® ao) ay a2) a3) Insueh aase, carry ot adjustment agin. TRACE ROTA Controt For adjusting the slope ofthe horizontal race tne The slope ofthe line wil change due fo such influences as the earth's magnetic force. Use a screw ~ driver to keep the trace tine patel withthe horizontal axis raticae. GND Terminal “This the ground terminal to be used when setting up common grand vvth other equipment. POSITION Controt For adjusting the vertical position of the CHL waveform displayed onthe CCRT screen, Daring X-Y operation iti wed to adjust the postion of Y- VOLES/DIV Control Forsetting te vertical axis sensitivity with the CHI vertical axis attense— tors It can beset in steps of 1,2 and 5 Setting the VARIABLE conte all the way tthe right at CAL enables calibrate verti sensitivity, Daving X-Y operation it becomes the attensatar control for the Y-axis VARIABLE Control For fine adjustment of CHI vertical axis sensitivity. Allows continuous ‘arable adjustment within the VOLTS/DIV range. When set othe right at CAL, the attenuor can be calibrated. Daring X-Y operation, i becomes the fine ajustment conta forthe Y axis. AC-GND-DCSwiteh For selecting the CHl vertical axis input signal coupling mode AC! Theinput signal wil be capacitive coupled, and all corpo rents willbe eliminated. The low range ~SeB attenuation point will be 10 Fiz or ess when using either a 1:1 probe ora coaxial cable, and 1Hz of less when using a corrected 10: probe. Vertical amplifier input is grounded, and the grind potent can be checked, At an input resistance of 1M relative tothe ground, the input signal is not grounded. Tn this mode, the anti-trace line jump circuit prevents the trace postion om changing suddenly when switching fom GND to AC. DC: Provides direct couping ofthe inp signal, and measurement can be cari out wth the direct current component ntact. INPUT Jack “The CH vertical axis npat ck. Daring X-Y operation, tbecamesthe Y-axis np jock ND(1) POSETION Controt Foc adjusting the vertical position ofthe CH2 waveform when displayed on the CRT screen. (3) YOLTS/DIV Controt ‘The vertical attenuator CH. It is operated in the same way as the CHI VOLTS/DIV control. During X-Y operation, it becomes the X-axis attenuator. (16) VARIABLE Control For fine adjustment of CH2 vertical axis sensitivity. It is operated in the same way as the CHI VARIABLE control. During X-Y operation it is used for fineadjustment of X-axis sensitivity. (17) AC-GND-DC Switeh For selecting the CH2 vertical axis input signal coupling mode. Is operat ‘ed in the same way as the CHI AC-GND-DC switch. During X-Y operation, it becomes the X-axis input switch. (18) INPUT Jack ‘The CH2 vertical axis input jack. During X-Y operation, it becomes the X-axis input jack. ay MODE Switeh For selecting the vertical axis operation mode. CHL Rordisplaying the CHI input signal on the CRT screen. CH2 _ : Fordisplaying the CH2 input signal on the CRT screen. ALT = Switches between CH and CH input signals for each sweep and displays them on the CRT screen. CHOP = Fordisplaying CH and CIR input signals one after the other fon the CRT screen, irregardless of sweepand at an occur rence rate of about 1SOKE2. ADD: For displaying combined waveform of CHI and CH2 input signals on the CRT screen. However, when CH2 is set at INV, the difference between CHI and CH2 will be displayed. ‘Alternate (ALT) and Chop (CHOP) Modes: ‘When using these mades during deal trace operation, the display vill be divided up according to time. In the chop mode, each channel will be subsivided according to ‘ime within each sweep. Normally, this kind of measurement is carried out with signals of either slower sweep rates from Ims/ div or low repetition rates whore fcker is quite noticeable. In the alternate mode, each channel will be displayed one after the other as scon as one sweep has been made. Therefore, each channel display appears much clearer. Normally, a faster ‘sweep is employed. a20) a (2) cuz INVSwiteh ‘When the button is pushed all the way in, the polarity ofthe CEI2 put signal display will be inverted, X-Y Oselloscope Setting Switeh ‘When the button is pushed al the way in, ignores the REETSETH MOD setting and commences operation as an XY osciloscope with CH as Y- axis and CH as X-axis. [FRIGGERING) MODE Selector Switch For selecting trigger operation modes. AUTO NORN FIX ‘Sweep i performed by a trigger signal. However, in the absence of trigger signal, free run will commence and trace will appear. ‘Sweep is performed by a trigger signal. Inthe absence of suitable trigger signal, a trace will not appear. + Sweep trigger lovel is fixed. In this case, triggering is made regardless of LEVEL. controt (25) setting. ‘TV-FRAME + Compnsite video signal vertical syne pulses are selected ‘out and coupled tothe trigger circuit. ‘TV-LINE + Composite video signal horizontal syne pulses are select cd aut and coupled tothe trigger circuit. Note : The trigger signal is capacitively coupled to the trigger circut in this oscilloscope. (23) SOURCE Selector Switeh For selecting the trigger signal source. VERT MODE ¢ The trigger signal source will be selected by the R DEERTBIE Mode setting. (See table 1) VERTICAL MODE “Trigger Signal Source cers cH ce CHD ie ‘Switches between CHI and CHD input signals for] leach swoep and selected for trigger signal source. CHOP | CHL ap (Combined signal of CH1 and CH? input signal. Table 1 Setting to the Trigger Signal Source By the VERTICAL MODE, cut on, ‘The CHI input signal will become the trigger signal source. ‘The CH input signal will become the trigger signal source.LINE: The commercial-use power source voltage waveform will ‘became the trigger signal source. EXT — + Thesignal being input into the EXT. TRIG jack will bocome the ‘rigger signal source. LOPE Control (/ Lm) For selecting the slope polarity of the triggered sweep signal. When the pushbutton is out (ML) triggering willbe performed with the trigger source signal rising. When the push-button is pressed in (am \.), trigger~ ing will be performed withthe trigger source signal falling. (25) LEVEL Control For adjusting the trigger threshold level. This will determine at what point ‘on the signal waveform slope sweep will eommence. (26) EXT-TRIG Input Jack ‘The input terminal for externally generated trigger signals. When the SOURCE switch is set at EXT, signals put through this terminal will ‘became the trigger signal source. (27) <> POSITION Controt For adjusting the horizontal position of waveform displayed on the CRT (28) SWEEP TIME/DIV Controt For setting the sweep time, Setting caa be carried out over 20 steps between 0.2 1. 5/div and 0.55/div in 1-2-5 step sequence. When the VARI- ABLE contro is set all the way to the right at CAL, sweep rate values will become calibrated. (29) VARIABLE Control Continuous sweep time adjustment can be carried out within the SWEEP ‘TIME/DIV range by this fine control. The sweep time becomes compensat~ ced by turning the CAL all the way clockwise. (90) LOMAGSwiteh Press this switch to magnify the display 10 X left and right from the center of CRT screen. coFigure 2. Rear Pane! REAR PANEL op (2) 3) on 5) Z.ANISINPUT Jack Input jack for intensity modulation of CRT electeon beam. Positive voltage decreaces intensity. TTI. level intensity modulation possible. CHI OUTPUT Jack (CHI vertical output terminal. Outpt occurs at AC coupling. For connect ing a counter when measuring frequencies. When using a counter to measure frequencies, there isthe possibility that accurate measurements ‘will no: displayed due to noise interference. When this occurs, either set the CHI VOLTS/DIV to another range, or set the VARIABLE contrsl toa position other than CAL. Cascade connection of the CH and CH2 isimpos— sible. '¥ (Indieate for Line Voltage Rating) ‘The factory delivered voltage rating, The line voltage rating below the W mark shows the line vollage setting of your esclloseope, Fuse Holder, Line Voltage Selector ‘Changing the voltage rating should be done strictly according to the direc~ tions in the section entitled "MAINTENANCE" and after disconnzcting the power cord from the power source inlet. Power Cord Receptacle ‘A commercial-use power source input connector.[SEoF HANDLE) Expand the portion @ of the handle to both sides, and turn the handle to the intended position, Make sure that the handle i locked securely before use. + Carrying Position D and GD : Tilt position yy i Nee + Close position @ igure 3. Handle Position Do not set the handle to any position not shown above. Be sure to set it to position when carrying the oscilloscope. {SUPPLIED PROBE) ‘The probe PC-41 supplied with the CS~4125 has two attenuation ratios: 1/ Land 1/10. 1/1* 1/0 selection switch Retractable hook tip capacitance compensation tximmer {] ‘ground lead Figure 4. PC-A1 Probe For adjustment of probe, se tem 3 in section "CHECKING AND ADJUST- MENTS PRIOR TO MEASUREMENT". A\Maximum Input Voltage: 6009 15NT PRIOR TO MEASUREMENT. In order to operate the oscilloscope at its optimum performance level, carry out the following checks and adjustment before doing your measurements. The instructions which follow concerning basic operation techniques and applications assume that the checks and adjustment described here have been completed. ‘Adjust the control panel tothe following settings. MODE auto SOURCE VERT MODE EERREM wove cm anvior) SLOPE + LEVEL 1 ocLock cant co:cH 00 & rosition 12 ocLock VARIABLE ca. vours/o1v sv/owy ‘AC-GuD-DC np HORIZONTAL <> rostrion 1 ocLock VARIABLE caL SWEEP TIME/DIV 0.2ms/D1V x 10Mac ore Next, after checking the power source voltage ratings, switch the POWER control on. The pilot lamp will light up, and trace ine will appear in 10 to 15 seconds. Check to see that rotating the INTENSITY cantrol to the increases trace brightness, and rotating it tothe left decreases brightness. ‘Then rotate the INTENSITY contol all way to left and extinguish the trace Tine to being preheating. For the most accurate measurement results i is nccessary to preheat the oscilloscope for about 30 minutes. Hovvever, if you {intend only to display waveforms, preheating is not necessary. 2, After preheating, adjust the INTENSITY control so thatthe trace ine is easy to see, and adjust the FOCUS control to attain the clearest display image possible, Then use the TRACE ROTA contralto bring the trace line parallel With the horizontal graduation lines. 165 Plug the probe int the INPUT jacks of eat chanel. Set the AC-GND-DC contr! a DC snd the EERETRE MO control at CH. Pg the Ct probe to the CAL terminal ad st the VOLTS/DIV contra a 20mV/DIV. Adjust the POSITION controls tht al ofthe waveorm canbe sen, With the waveorm in tis positon, cary out probe compensation adjustment sing Fig and ss section “USE OF PROBE". D Left wave shape: over modified D Middle wave shape: modified inadequately @ Right side wave shape: proper Please properly adjust capacitance compensation trimmer of probe to obtain shape wave @ Figure 5. Probe Compensation Adjustment Set the UBRBTREE ODE control to CHZ at carry out compensation aljust~ ment of the Channel 2 probe. After compensating the channel probes, use the CHI probe exclusively in channel 1, aad the CH2 probe exclusively in channel 2. Tis is necessary because theresa slight capacitance variation between the two channels, and confusing probes will cause changes in compensation adjustments. 4. Return the EEBEUREA MODE: contol to CHL each channel's AC-GND-DC ‘control tothe AC setting, cach channel's VOLTS/DIV contro to SV/DIV. POSITION and 4 POSITION contol to o'clock, ‘hiss what we refer toa the inital setting” condition.OPERATING PROCEDURI SINGLE TRACE OPERATION Alternating Current Display ‘With the oscilloscope in the initial setting condition (refer to Section 5 of CHECK ~ ING AND ARJUSTMENT PRIOR TO MEASUREMENT, display on the CRT sereen the signal applied to the CHI INPUT terminal. Adjust the signal ampli~ tude toan easy to measure size by changing the VOLTS/DIV control setting. The CH VARIABLE contro! may be rotated to change the amplitude in continuous fashion. However i this is not necessary leave the setting at CAL. Next, adjust the horizontal SWEEP TIME/DIV control to attain an exsy to ‘measute display. Make sure to leave the VARIABLE contro setting at CAL. ‘Whenever the waveform begins to destabilize, i is necessary to use the triggering ‘operation, Rotaing the trigger LEVEL control left or right will stabilize the wave~ form. Depending on the type of signal, switching the SLOPE control will also give you clearer displays. These kinds of operations using the trigger LEVEL and SLOPE control are referred toa Setting the Trigger Point. The oscilloscope begins sweep ing from pre-set trigger points. | ae + Direction SLOPE RANGE ‘Rotate Right Vee RANGE | y TRIGGER LEVEL | alts / SLOPE "+" TRIGGER POINT _ pyrection SLOPE ‘~" TRIGGER POINT coer | igure 6. Relationships LEVEL and SLOPE. When inputting lw frequency signals or low cocrrence rate signals, switch the (FRIGGERING] MODE control to the NORM setting. Eventhough the waveform display may Gsppear from the CRT sereen when signa amplitudes are relative- ty smal or tte trigger point setting is inappropeiate. The NORM setting wi allow more stible triggering than can be attained in the AUTO setting. 18Composite Video Signal Display ‘When inputting composite video signals, set the [TRIGGERING] MODE to either ‘TV-FRAME or TV-LINE. Also switch the SLOPE control in accordance wi signal polarity. ‘SLOPE TV-LINE =F ww = et Figure 7. Relationship between TRIGGERING MODE and SLOPE DUAL TRACE OPERATIONS Switching Vertical Operaton Modes ‘hen the [MODE control set at G2, the CRT screen will spay {he signa applied tothe channel? INPUT temial The amplitude canbe altered ting the channel 2 VOLTS/DIV control. The peers for switching the sweep time nd setting the trigger pant are these ss fo cha! Whe the MODE control se at ALT, the CH and CH2 signals re Aisplayed oe ater the oer or ach sweep Whe the BRAM MODE controls set at CHOP, the CH and CH2 signs sresub- ded aecordng ome and apa on the eee When the [SREB MODE control is set at APD, CHI and CH2 signals will be comntined (CHICHE) on the CRT display sre I the CH INV contol #3 pressed inthis contion te eifferental(CHI-CHO) ofthe two channels vil be Gispayed. In order to measure displayed wavebrms. atthe ADD setting, its necessary thot the VOLTS/DIV one settings 2 the sae or ath chan Switching Trigger Source When the BSREMGHO ODE contro is set at CH, ALT, CHOP, or ADD and the SOURCE contol ioe at VERT MODE, the signal Source for the rigger beemes inne 1s At hs ime if the CE ia Is tb complicate, making tho ig point to ficult, switch the SOURCE contr tothe CHD seting, The C2 Signal wil be simple enough fra stale triger pint slting- However, when the waveforms of bit chanel re to ompated, ean extra gous (0 sel the tigger pant Ie signale having ttferent frequencies oe input to CE and CH2, set the HBT 008 stro AT and SOURCE stesso VERT MODE. Inet signals to CHil and CH2 are wed asthe tigger signal source, which alteraate in fey sweeping. Thus, bthelgatare tigger 19External Trigger Set the Source control at EXT and apply a signal to the EXT.TRIG terminal. It is necessary that this signal have a fixed timing relationship to either CH] or CH2. ‘Also, in order to simplify the trigger point setting process, you should tse 2s simple an external signal as possible. Ve an sia AM ate sient ‘Trigger Point ST exretnig signat Figure8. EXT-TRIG Line Trigger When the CHL or CH2 signal is synchronized with a commercial-use power source frequerey, setting the SOURCE control at LINE will stabilize the trigger. SWEEP MAGNIFICATION OPERATION \When carrying out measurement by magnifying a portion of the displayed wave~ form in terms of time, increasing sweep speed may cause the waveform portion to be measured to disappear from the screen. When this happens, waveform ‘measurement can still be done by magnifying the sweep. Work the > POSITION control to mave the waveform portion to be magnified to the middle of the CRT display screen. Then press the 10MAG contrat to magnify the waveform 10 times in the horizontal direction. X-Y OPERATION ‘The oscilloscope nat only has all the functions of a conventional oscilloscope, but may also be operated as an X-Y oscilloscope. With X-Y operation, s'gnals applied tothe CHI INPUT terminal are defected on the Y-axls, signals applied to the CH2 INPUT terminal are deflected on the X-axis, and Lissajous paiterns rales it possible to find out phase ditferences between the two signals and find vt ther relative frequency proportion.APPLICATION Because both the vertical and horizontal axis ofthe oscilloscope are calibrated, ‘the oscilloscopes capable of not only displaying waveforms but can also quantita tively measuring voltage or time. When performing these latter measurements, rotate the three VARIABLE controls (CHI {Y-axis}, CH2 [X-axis] and horizon= tal) all the way in the clockwise direction to the CAL setting. All the oscillo= seope's VARIABLE controls wil click when roated into their CAL settings. In addition, the oscilloscupe comes with prebes. These probes should all be plugged into their proper jacks in order to assure a minimum of interference to the signals you want to measure, Measuring Voltage Between Two Points on a Waveform Use the following procedures for measuring veltage, ete. between two points or from peak to peak on a waveform. 1, Apply a signal to the INPUT terminal and adjust the VOLTS/DIV and SWEEP TIME/DIV controls. Also reset the trigger point if necessary. Set the AC-GND-DC control at AC. 2 Work the POSITION control so that one of the paints (A) to be ‘measured falls on one of the horizontal graduation lines, while the other points (B) can sill be observed on the CRT screen. 5. Work the D> POSITION control so that point B falls on the vertical scale at the center ofthe CRT screen. 4, Measure the vertical distance between the two points and multiply that value by the VOLTTS/DIV setting. When using a probe, also multiply the value by the probe's attenuation rate. Line up on the center vertical scale using >. POSITION ‘Two points to be measured Tine ap Gn @ horionta gradation using, @ POSITION contol feta sane (Gv) x VOLTS/DIVseting x Probe attention rate Figure 8. Measuring the Voltage Betwecu Two Points aEXAMPLE In Figure, the vertical distance between the two points i 44 div. Ifthe VOLTS {DIV contol isset at 0.2V Av anda PC-A1 probe (10 seting) is used, the vlt= age is caleulated as follows Voltage between 2 pints = 44(8i) X O.20V/diW) X 10 = 8.8V ‘Common-Mode Rejection By using the MERIHGR MODE contrt's ADD setting, unnecessary signal camponents canbe eliminated slowing oly desired components tobe displayed. 1. Apply the whole signal Gncluding its unnecessary components) to the CHL INPUT terminal. Now apply the component you want eliminated tothe CH2 INPUT terainal 2. Set the BEREHTGRI| MODE control to ALT or CHOP. Set the SOURCE, control ‘at C1, Sel the trigger point atthe CH signal, and verify that CH2 contains the unnecesary component of CH. Press the CH2 INV swith, and verify thatthe CHD signal represents the un necessary component in reverse polarity. When the QSREUETH 0DE contol is set at ADD under thee conditions, only the necessary signal components wll be displayed on the CRT seren. iy, A ved Haut CE ses! csi woes ani : component gt f i ‘CADD : signal after eliminated IR unnecessary component we Fecal of we ace) ba fl ae ‘component Figure 1. Common-Mode Rjstion ote: mination cepbiites vary with the sae ofthe unnecessary component In Grder oath the best ress ispay the CH sgl with alight tgher VOLTS/DI sting. Afr preasing the CHD INV swt, and activating the ADD fnetio, jn the VARIABLE control of CH2 to ge god waveorm. Ako, ater prasing the C2 INV contol and switching tothe ADD setting, the tiple atom may move up or down, Move it back to the daly poston ting the POSITION cont fo CH. 2“Measuring Direct Current (DC) Vollage ‘Tne osiloscpe's vertical amplification is provided bya direct current amplifier circuit characterized by excellent stably. By switching the AC-GND-DC contralto the I setting direct current voltage can be measired. 1. Apply the signal tothe INPUT terminal. Work the VOLTS/DIV and SWEEP TTIME/DIV controls to display the wavebri at an easy to se size. Also adjust the LEVEL control if necessary. 2. Se the TRIGGERING MODE contro to AUTO, and then set AC-GND-DC to GND. The trace will be displayed on the CRT screen. This trace wil become the ground potential. Work the & POSITION contol to bring the trace in line with one ofthe horizontal greuston ines. Usually signals with positive potential are ined up at the 0% graduatian ane signals of negative potential atthe 100% graduation. Once lined up, the trace’s postion will beome the reference potential, s0 donot touch the & POSITION control during the measurement process. 4, Sot the AC-GND-DC contol at DC. The signal wl be displayed onthe CRT sereen withthe direct current component: intact, If inthis cage either the VOLTS/DIV or reference potential setting is inappropriate, the waveform ray disappear from the display sreen. Mae sre to check these settings: 4. Measure the potential using the procedure fo measuring the voltage between two points, The potential sign will be plus if above the reference and minus it below te reference. Pint to be measured lined yp with the center verti sale wang. tie@ PPOSITION conta Persp rence ed up at 08 wor ig ORTON ute Figure 1. DC Vatage Measurement UC there is only sign to be measured, aply ito CH, and work the 112 POSITION conta so that CHD dys the round pte. fhe GRAN MODE controt is set at either ALT or CHOP after this adjustment is made, you Wil be ean ofthe gro potential throughout the proce dure However, make certain at the groan penis ofboth chanel are always thesame.Measuring Signals with Low Frequency Components ‘When the osillscope's AC-GND-DC contral is set at AC, there is a chance that errors may ocear in the voltage measurement. This inaccuracy is caused by low range cut-off frequencies. At AC, the most accurate frequency measurements are realized above the 40 to S0H2 range. Therefore, when measuring frequencies below this range switch the AC-GND-DC controt to the DC setting. If, however, you are using a probe, accurate measurements of frequencies alow ‘asd to SHz canbe realized at AC. Measuring Signals with High Frequency Components Always use a probe ( X 10 position) when measuring pulses or signals of afew Inundrod Kile of above. This ia because distortion will occur in the wavefor’s hhigh frequency component due to the use of long leads. This makes it difficult to conduct accura:e waveforms. ‘This also true for probes with long ground lends, so keep them as short as possi bie. In addition, make sure to connect the ground lead clip tothe ground poteatiat lying closest tothe signal to be measured. x10 Point of measurement _— Ground pattern Figure 12. Measuring Signals with High Frequency Components 2Measuring Time Between Two Points ‘When measuring time between two points, measurements can be determined from SWEEP TIME/DIV and horizontal distance. 1. Display the waveform by adjusting each control: Set all the VARIABLE contrast the CAL postion, 2. Work the (> POSITION contol to bring one point to be measured in Hine with a vertical graduation line. Then werk the POSITION control to tring the other pont to be measured in tine with the horizontal sale in the ide ofthe CRT spay screen, Measure the horizontal distance between th two pints. Multiply this value by the SWEEP TIME/DIV setting vale. I the X 10MAG function hs been activated, multiply the value by 1/10. Line up the point on a vertical gradation {[asing the | yErEDBoC 9h NOILVaOdNOO COOMNA KENWOOD CORPORATION 116 Dogeaaa L-chome, Shitaya- Ku, Tokyo 150. Japan