ERs y band Shuctute 6. re tune. : ae of metal ingutaton apt kevni Contes ” Parcly Ful mete "NGAIT em ay Ustad bard) (conduction band) (Mn ay Forbidden Fentidden $4? Oy Nery fahevce. ru SE samme = A (4) ®) © Figs Bwengy band staucture of @) melt (Y Tnsutaten (©) Gaxadatog Semiconducton Bonds in semicnductan matenials Nucteus of Si on he ane Oa a I Cag stattine stouctune of Semi en ductens ms a Semiandactn (He 3/81) F0G 1 fl Silinon crystal | Covalent bond |Nalame band The electrons in the outen yah! onbik of an atom ane. Knowyl 45 valance let Nene. Smale aes Unden wermal condidion of the ators valance band buk much contains Khe elettnons of highest enenty. This band ko Push + May pe filled cometetly on Partially. band. covalent bon Conduction band <= Tn Some of mateniuss he) ae | Ey Semicond Valtunce wlectrs ae loosely attached to the : eye uect MUCUS And Gn be dekached Very easily, These 7 be ne @eckons ane Knewn ag free Blecksens - and * ey 412 pestersipte fH. cian DE + cunnent: ene fag Ahe crdu ee TysuiatAaS “— The substances (AiKE taped» Tolabs O8) of the bo Which do wok allows the Passage af cunnert AMOUR nye palling The valance band [=e them ane Known 4s in Sulatons » Ane. conduction Tn Semicon at these supsiances is fuk, Sheneas : fand 15 Comeeetely emPty, Monesven s the foabidden i an onde enengy Fae petween valance band and C@onducieyp Padtenn is | 1 = ath akon bend 1S veng dangze Cloev : . < , a nepetisiv tomducens [Metal 4 “Tne. Sub S tances Exe, (6° PPO » aus (aed a | » the Passage of cunnert AnseNGh Takainsic einen Ge) Which Ae them ane Known as conducts. The valance band on phese supstances ovela? the. conduction band. Due An extrem Semiconducdtey to this svenlarring » a Aanfe number of free olecknars : ane eNailadle fon enducten . This is *he MNéeagkony ae a Why A stignk potential aiPfenence arrlied acnoss oo ’ uch substan ces causes a heavy ford of cunnent band 0 pekerned 4 Khnou fh AhEYN. qutdances (Uike catboms slimy Extrinsic. micen ducton = “The : Semicon du EA > ane addeds exci tdi &) whose electrical eovductividg 4ies Londons and insulators ane Known & band of aneeae | Od Hen maniun in between Ane a Cerd tons Putrough » the valance ser " cup sdances 16 almost Filbed And conduction rand IS of small iemost ema 4s in “Se of insulating, Bur the Sewn condu ek : dha is 4 gar baween yalance bang & conductlen 7 havin i oynatl ( neankt jev) . Thenefone, a comite po etamas See Gwallen eleceric fill (much smaler than insulctans J Pa AMG | but much greater +hin condu dens ) fs nequined 4 Berea the valance electrons 40 the conduction band. the Covakert fond '— > the. Ly semiconductors » ponds ane. Formed by Sharing of These lene electrons, Such bonds ane caued covalent bond. Vd Poth this GSe, each ako contnibures equal Number revit. of valance electrons and the contributed dle tons SS ete) ane Shared by the atoms engaged in the fermation Araougy oe eon band ERAS KAUN _SAAUCH UNE of semiconductors nduction | Ta Gemiconductens, #he clams ate amanged themselves idder, Wo an andente Pactkenn fo fonm a Solid. Tris onder duction Padtenn is Knaun as a caystal. Tt is clean Ween eath akoyn is sumounded bg Neighbouning atoms in OQ Nepebisiy & smernnen. Trenefore a Suican ¢. . 3 oe ES ener » duminun| (ued a Sikicon Cngsdall- tee | Anfeugh | Thkninsie Semi onducho _'— 3 Ayn extremely Pune comicanducon is called jnbninsic se plechnats Sevntcanduchenm seh wmtven cle conic uaaante Cue, of a Semica- : guden is entinelg determined by the canniens which ae aa genenaked be grenmal excitations finem the valance 108s me ean 72 conduetion bards the Semicanducen 7S Clini peered x0 as a& Pune on ivttninsie seri con ducer. ivdamsic, rAicows Einaingic: Semisondues a as Lies Semiconducten, small amourts ok seleded imaurg ate woul a ane addeds fnee dectrons 6) poles Me geen ated nese by exci sation nom imeuniag atoms , Tre addition 448 of smau percentage oF wnP unity atoms 40 4 the Semiconductor 1s alted dofing and Abe fen Puunisy| added. ig tenmed dofarts A semi tondircton gi | that is ee having hmPuniries ig notenned to aS mae & doreds' ed, eae 8 S\ 2X Rte SRNL ESN,