2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)

Energy Yield of a Floating Hybrid Mooring Wind

Turbine System in the Aegean Sea
Thomas P. Mazarakos1 Spyridon A. Mavrakos1, 2 Takvor H. Soukissian
1 2
Laboratory for Floating Structures and Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Institute of Oceanography
Mooring Systems Director and President Hellenic Centre for Marine Research
School of Naval Architecture and 46.7 km Athens Sounio Avenue, GR- 46.7 km Athens Sounio Avenue, GR-
Marine Engineering 19013, Anavyssos, Greece 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
National Technical University of Email: mavrakos@naval.ntua.gr Email: tsouki@hcmr.gr
Athens mavrakos@hcmr.gr
9, Heroon Polytechniou Ave., GR- 157
73 Zografos/ Athens, Greece
Email: tmazarakos@naval.ntua.gr
Abstract—A multi-cylinder Tension Leg Platform (TLP) OC IEA Annexes [1] the spar buoy concept first designed
design concept of a floating structure is presented for for the HyWind project and the semi-submersible floater
supporting a 10 MW Wind Turbine (WT). The present designed and analyzed by Maine University [2] have been
design represents a first step towards the development, at investigated. In both cases conventional mooring lines
a second stage, of a floating structure for offshore wind were considered, having in mind deep sea installations. In
energy sources exploitation. Targeting the conceptual intermediate depths an alternative would be to have a TLP
design of the proposed TLP floating structure for the already proposed in [3] and [4]. In the present paper, a
10MW WT, the combined effect of water waves and wind multi - cylinder TLP design concept for the support
on the floating offshore wind turbine is investigated. A structure of the DTU 10MW WT is analyzed [5].
design-oriented solution method for the coupled dynamics Another challenge that has presented the last years is
of the floating structure in the frequency domain is
the design of a floating structure that absorbs wind
presented. By properly accounting for the aerodynamic
characteristics of the WT through a reduced order model
energy. For instance, a system of three cylindrical bodies
that projects the WT aerodynamics onto the six degrees of
which are placed at the corners of a triangular floater, in
the floater’s motions. They are combined with the combination with a WT in the center of the platform
hydrodynamics of the floater and the tethers’ stiffness to supported by a cylindrical floater, can take advantage of
set up the coupled dynamic equations in the frequency wind energy ([6], [7], [8], [9], [10]). Lately, many
domain. The objective of the analysis is to investigate attempts have been made related to the hydrodynamic
which sea states yield the significant and maximum loads analysis and the optimization of floating structures like
due to operating and extreme wave conditions in offshore the ones mentioned above, studying different arrays and
structures and the annual wind energy based on wave characteristics of the configuration. Specifically, [6]
hindcasts near Kasos Island, in the Mediterranean Sea. studied the coupled hydro-aero-elastic analysis of a device
like the above, consisting of three vertical cylinders,
Keywords—Hydrodynamic loads; wind turbine; moored through tensioned tethers as a TLP platform,
irregular waves; wind energy; Kasos Island; under the action of regular surface waves. For this design,
Mediterranean Sea. RAO’s of the complete system have been calculated using
on one hand a frequency domain method based on a
reduced order model (ROM) for the WT, and on the other
I. INTRODUCTION hand with an advanced fully coupled method producing
Offshore wind energy is currently attracting most of time domain simulations that can also take into account
the research attention within the blue energy sector. Most the flexibility of the system components.
installations presently concern shallow water sites but due Finally several attempts are taking place currently in
to the substantial wind potential in the open sea and the order to examine the application of devices like the above
minimization of the visual disturbance, it is expected that in real sea states and conditions. A related attempt in
deep offshore will be next important milestone for the order to combine the RAOs of the configuration with the
wind energy industry. In this respect the main challenge Spectrum of the Sea had been made from [7], [8] and
concerns the design of the supporting structure, meaning [11]. Taking under consideration the frequency of
the floater and the moorings. Already in the series of the occurrence of each sea state (HS-TP), which is an

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important factor for the final calculation of the absorbed
power in a specific time period.
In the process of designing floating wind energy
systems, there is need to develop in parallel fast running
tools that can provide an overview of the design space and
perform detailed analysis of the full system with all the
underlying mechanisms.
The calculations where obtained using in-house
developed computer codes. The simulation carried out
with the computer code HAMVAB [12]. HAMVAB,
provides the first- order exciting wave forces and motions
induced on multiple interaction vertical axisymetric
bodies. Hydrodynamic interactions effects are taken into
account for solving the diffraction/ radiation problems.
The bodies in the arrangement are allowed to move either
independently or as a unity. Restoring forces due to
elastic springs attached to the cylinders can be
incorporated in the solution procedure. Drift forces both Fig. 1: 3-D representation of the floating platform
on the entire multi-cylinder configuration and on each Two sets of four pontoons (for a total of eight
individual cylinder are calculated using the momentum members) connect the offset columns with each other
conservation principle into finite control volumes (forming a square, both at the top and bottom of the semi),
surrounding each body of the configuration. while two sets of four pontoons (for a total of eight
The frequency-domain software HYDRAEROFLOAT members) connect the offset columns with the main
([6], [11], [13], [14], [15]) is used for the coupled analysis column (forming a y-connection, both at the top and
of the floating structure. It uses HAMVAB and a Reduced bottom of the semi). In addition, four cross braces connect
Order Model (ROM) [6] as pre-processors to compute the bottom of the main column with the top of the offset
wave interaction effects and WT contribution reduced to columns. Each column starts above the SWL and
the floater’s six degrees of freedom (dof’s). continues beneath the water. A summary of the geometry,
II. FLOATING SYSTEM PROPERTIES
including the diameters of each of the members is given
in Table 1. These properties are all relative to the un-
The floating system has been defined for the DTU displaced position of the platform (figure 2).
10MW Wind Turbine (WT). It is a variable- speed
variable-pitch controlled WT and the detailed data are
given in [5]. The tower of the wind turbine is cantilevered
at an elevation of 10m above the SWL to the top of the
main column of the floating platform. The draft of the
platform is 20m. The floating platform consists of a main
column attached to the tower, and four offset columns that
are connected to the main column through a series of
smaller diameter pontoons and cross members. There are
five sets of these smaller members (shown in gray in
figure 1).

Fig. 2: Front and top view of the floating platform

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 The mass, including ballast, of the floating platform is
2167.1 t. This mass was calculated such that the combined
weight of the rotor-nacelle assembly, tower, and platform,
plus the weight of the mooring system in water, balances
with the buoyancy (i.e. weight of the displaced fluid) of
the platform in the static equilibrium position in still
water. The CM of the floating platform, including ballast,
is located at 9.91 m along the platform centerline below
the SWL. The roll and pitch inertias of the floating
platform about its CM are 3.89E6 t-m2 and 3.89E6 t-m2
about the platform x-axis and y-axis respectively, while
the yaw inertia of the floating platform about its centerline
is 7.32E6 t-m2.
The total mass of the WT is 1200 t. The total tower
height is 105.63 m and its mass is 563.3 t. The hub and
nacelle mass (figure 3) is 105.5 t and 406 t, respectively.
As far as the blades are concerned, the total mass of each
of them is 41.716 t and its length excluding the hub is
86.35 m.
Fig. 3: Representation of the floating system
TABLE 1: FLOATING PLATFORM GEOMETRY
Floating Platform
Depth of platform base below SWL (total draft) 20.00
Elevation of main column (tower base) above SWL 10.00
Elevation of offset columns above SWL 10.00
Spacing between columns 50.00
Draft of the structure 20.00
Diameter of main column 10.00
Diameter of offset columns 10.00
Diameter of pontoons and cross braces 2.00
Table 2 summarizes the supporting platform’s
properties discussed in this section and figure 3 illustrates
the entire concept.
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TABLE 2: FLOATING PLATFORM GEOMETRY
Floating Platform Geometry Unit
Platform mass, including ballast 2167.1 t
Platform roll inertia about CM 3.89E6 t-m2
Platform pitch inertia about CM 3.89E6 t-m2
Platform yaw inertia about CM 7.32E6 t-m2
III. FORMULATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC PROBLEM
A. Analytical solution method for the multi-body-wave
interaction
The prediction of the exciting wave forces, added
masses, damping and mean drift loads, requires the
knowledge of the first-order velocity potential, which,
in the case of multiple cylinders, should account for
hydrodynamic interaction phenomena. These
phenomena have been exactly accounted for here
through a semi-analytical formulation which makes use
of the single body hydrodynamic characteristics in
conjunction with the physical idea of multiple
scattering. According to the multiple scattering
formulation, various orders of propagating and
evanescent wave modes radiated/scattered from all the
cylinders of the array are successively superimposed to
derive exact series representations for the velocity
potential around each cylinder of the arrangement. The
method, which is applicable to arrays consisting of an
arbitrary number of vertical bodies of revolution having
any geometrical arrangement and individual body
geometries, has been described analytically in previous
publications ([16], [17], [18]), and thus here they are no
further elaborated. The required first-order single body
hydrodynamic characteristics have been obtained
though the method of matched axisymmetric
eigenfunction expansions [19]. Here, the series
representation for the diffraction potential,
(q )
Unit ϕ D (rq ,θ q , z ) , in the outer fluid region of an arbitrary
m
body q of the multi-cylinder configuration is given as
m follows:
m ∞ imθ q
m
ϕ D( q ) (rq , θ q , z ) = −iω ( H / 2)  Ψ D ,m (rq , z )e (1)
−∞
m with
m
m  (q )
(
∞ QD ,mn I m ( an rq )/I m ( anbq ) + 

)
m Ψ D,m (rq , z ) = h   Z n ( z ) (2)
n=0  F ( q )
D
 , mn K m( ( an rq )/ K m ( an bq ) 
 )
Where h is the water depth, bq is the radius of the q
cylinder, Im and Km are the m-th order modified Bessel
functions of first and second kind, respectively. The first
term in (2) represents the contribution of the incident
wave field to the total wave potential around the q body. the radius of the cylinder, b and the number of bodies
It consists of the undisturbed incident wave plus various (NUBO=5).
orders of scattered waves emanating from the remaining
bodies of array. These scattered wave fields can be
expressed in the coordinate system of body q using a
Bessel function addition theorem [20].
Especially in the case of the isolated body-wave
interaction, it holds:
QD( q,mn
)
= ( eikl0 q cos(θ0 q − β ) / hz0′ (0) ) e −im ( β −π 2) I m ( an bq )δ 0,n (3)
where β denotes the angle of wave incidence, l0q and θ0q
are the distance and the azimuthal angle of the q-th body
co-ordinate system with respect to an inertia frame, k is
the wave number and δο,n is the Kronecker’s symbol.
The unknown complex coefficients FD(q),mn in (2) are
obtained using the method of matched eigenfunction
expansions ([16], [17]). Moreover, Z n (z) are orthonormal
functions in [0,-h] defined by:
−1 2
1 
Z n ( z ) =  [1+sin(2 an h )/(2 an h )] cos( an h) (4)
2  Fig. 4: Fx exciting wave force for various wave headings (0-45
The eigenvalues α n are roots of the transcendental degrees) versus ω (0-3 rad/s)
equation
(ω 2 g ) + an tan(an h) = 0 (5)
and the alternative notation α0=-ik is used for the
imaginary root.

B. Exciting Wave Forces

The hydrodynamic force on the q-th body is given by
([21], [22]):
F (q) =  pndS
(q)
(6)
S
Where n is the unit normal vector pointing inward to the
body’s surface S(q), and p is the fluid pressure expressed
through the Bernoulli’s equation in the form:
∂Φ
p = −ρ = iωρφ e − iωt (7)
∂t
Where φ is the velocity potential (in each fluid domain).
The exciting wave forces Fx, Fy, Fz and moments Fig. 5: Fy exciting wave force for various wave headings (0-45
Mx, My, Mz on the floating arrangement are presented. degrees) versus ω (0-3 rad/s)
In Figures 4 - 6 numerical results for the horizontal and
vertical wave exciting forces on the floating structure
are plotted against the wave frequency ω (rad/s), for
various wave headings (0-45 degrees). In Figures 7 - 9
numerical results for the moments on the floating
structure are plotted against the wave frequency ω
(rad/s), for various wave headings (0-45 degrees). The
non dimensionalized terms are the water density, ρ; the
acceleration due to gravity, g; the wave amplitude, H/2;

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Fig. 6: Fz exciting wave force for various wave headings (0-45
degrees) versus ω (0-3 rad/s)
Fig. 7: Mx exciting wave moments for various wave headings (0-45
degrees) versus ω (0-3 rad/s)
Fig. 8: My exciting wave moments for various wave headings (0-45
degrees) versus ω (0-3 rad/s)
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Fig. 9: Mz exciting wave moments for various wave headings (0-45
degrees) versus ω (0-3 rad/s)
C. Mooring System
To secure the platform, the floating structure is
moored with a TLP mooring system of four lines spread
symmetrically about the platform Z-axis. The high
tension in the tension legs contains horizontal offsets to a
relatively small fraction of the water depth. The heave,
roll and pitch motions remain minute, due to the high
axial stiffness in the tendons. It is quite common, to
employ multiple tension legs ([23], [24], [6], [14]) in
offshore tension leg platform WTs, to capture offshore
wind resources in waters of moderate depth.
The tether tension for this system must fulfill the total
pretension force exerted by the tethers must match the
weight of the water required to ballast the system for
stability during installation.
The mooring forces, f i ,mooring , that act on the platform
in the i-th direction are the following:
fi ,mooring = Cij ,mooring x j i,j=1,…, 6 (8)
Where:
x j : Motion component of the entire configuration in j-th
direction with respect to the global reference point, G, of
the platform’s motions.
Cij ,mooring : Mooring line stiffness coefficient of the
platform
Regarding the total restoring stiffness matrix Cij ,total ,
it includes three parts. The first part is the conventional
mooring line stiffness; the second part is the platform
hydrostatic restoring stiffness including the influence of
tendons and the third part is the tendon geometric
stiffness [25].
Therefore, we have the elements of the (6x6) square
stiffness matrix Cij ,total , as follows:
M
Tn
C11 = C22 = L
n =1
(9)
 EA
C33 = ρ gAWL + (10)
L D. Reduced modeling of the Wind Turbine
M
EI xx
C44 = ρ gIWLX + U zB − QzG − T z
n =1
n n +
L
(11) In the corresponding frequency domain formulation,
the contribution of the WT is projected on the 6 floater
M EI yy motion based on a Reduced Order Model (ROM) [6].
C55 = ρ gIWLY + U zB − QzG − T z
n =1
n n +
L
(12) This is carried out in the context of Hamiltonian
dynamics with gravity and aerodynamics being the
M
Tn external forcing. The Blade Element Momentum (BEM)
C66 =  L (x
n =1
2
n + yn2 ) (13) theory defines the aerodynamic loading as a function of
the operational conditions and the motions of the floater
Where: that change the effective angles of attack faced by the
blades. By linearizing all terms with respect to the case
M: Number of tendons of zero floater motions (static equilibrium), added mass,
Tn: Tendon pretension forces in kN damping and stiffness matrices are defined that
A: Total cross-section area in m2 contribute to the WT's aerodynamic, inertial - gyroscopic
Ixx, Iyy: Moments of inertia about x and y axis and gravitational effect on the floater ([6], see next
respectively in t-m2 Section).
xn,yn,zn: Horizontal and vertical coordinates of the
attaching point of the n tendon with respect to the
platform’s global reference point of motion, G, in m E. Coupled Analysis
L: Length of the tendon in m In order to investigate the dynamic equilibrium of all
AWL: Water plane area of the platform in m2 forces that are acting on the moored multi-body
IWLX, IWLY: Moments of inertia of AWL about x and y axis, configuration we use the following well - known system
respectively in t-m2 of differential equations of motions ([6], [8], [13], [14]).
U, Q: Buoyancy and weight of the platform,  M ij + Aij (ω ) + M WT  x +  B (ω ) + BWT  x j
respectively, in t  ij  j  ij ij 
(14)
zB, zG: Vertical coordinates of buoyancy and gravity + Cij ,total + C ij  x j = F (ω )e
WT iω t
center, respectively, in m  
The fairleads (body-fixed locations where the This equation describes the coupled hydro-aero-
mooring lines attach to the platform) are located at the elastic problem in the frequency domain. Mij, Cij,total
base of the offset columns, at a depth of 20.0 m below denote the elements of the (6x6) mass and stiffness
the SWL. The anchors (fixed to the inertia frame) are matrices of the entire configuration. In addition, Aij, Bij,
located at a water depth of 200 m below the SWL. Each are the hydrodynamic masses and damping of the entire
of the four lines has an unstretched length of 180 m, a configuration. F (ω)eiωt , are the exciting forces acting on
diameter of 0.239 m, an equivalent mass per unit length the multi-body system at the i-th direction. MWT, BWT,
of 136.10 kg/m, a submerged weight per unit length of CWT denote the mass, damping and stiffness that
895 N/m. The pretension of each tendon is 9690 kN. contribute to the inertial-gyroscopic, aerodynamic and
Table 3 summarizes these properties. gravitational loading of the WT respectively. xj
represents the system’s dimensional response in each
TABLE 3: MOORING SYSTEM PROPERTIES
mode of motion at each frequency.
Mooring System Unit
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Number of Mooring lines 4 -
In this section, the design environmental conditions
Depth to Anchors below SWL (Water Depth) 200 m
of a location in the Greek waters are presented. The
Depth to Fairleads below SWL 20 m
particular location, with a water depth of around 200 m
Mooring Line Length 180 m
and coordinates 35.34° Ν, 26.80° Ε, is near to Kasos
Mooring Line Diameter 239 mm
Island in the southern Aegean Sea (see figure 10).
Equivalent Mooring Line Mass Density 136.10 kg/m
Submerged weight per unit length 895.00 N/m
Mooring Line stiffness kxx of each tendon 53.83 kN/m
Mooring Line stiffness kZZ of each tendon 2067 kN/m
Pretension of each tendon 9690 kN

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 A. Statistical analysis of met-ocean parameters
In Table 4 the main statistical characteristics for the
examined location are summarized (namely the sample
size N, mean value m, standard deviation s, variation
coefficient CV, maximum max, minimum min, skewness
Sk and kurtosis Ku) with reference to the relevant wave
and wind parameters. The obtained values refer to the
total available sample size for the period 1980-2010.

TABLE 4: STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND AND WAVE

TIME SERIES AT THE EXAMINED LOCATION (35.34° Ν, 26.80° Ε)

N m min max s CV Sk Ku
Hm0 90584 0.948 0.061 5.387 0.602 63.453 1.548 3.499
(m)
Fig. 10: The examined location in the Aegean Sea (from Google Earth)
Tp (s) 90584 5.466 2.430 11.176 1.106 20.235 0.537 0.464
Since in this area there are not long-term wind and Uw 90584 6.495 2.000 18.624 2.661 40.971 0.534 0.076
wave measurements available, we confine ourselves to (m/s)
numerical model simulation results obtained by the Era-
20C data set, published by the ECMWF (European
Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2015, B. Wind and wave rose diagrams
updated daily) [26]. In figure 11, the wave (upper panel) and wind
The original simulations extend to a 111-years (lower panel) roses in the examined location are
period (1900 - 2010). This data set is tailored mainly for presented.
climate analysis and therefore is more than adequate for Regarding wave characteristics, the prevailing wave
a long-term statistical analysis of wind and wave direction clearly lies within the sector [270, 315], while
parameters. However, to avoid non-stationarity, waves from the southern sectors are very rare. The most
uncertainty and inhomogeneity issues in the statistical intense sea-states propagate from the sector [337.5, 360].
and extreme value analysis, we considered the last 31 Winds also blow mainly from the sector [292.5, 315],
years of the available time series, i.e., met-ocean data while winds blowing from the southern sectors are rare.
covering the period 1980-2010 ([27], [28]). The most intense winds blow from the same sector as the
Moreover, the available wind and wave potential in most intense sea-states, i.e. [337.5, 360]. As is seen from
the area is exploitable, and therefore, this location may figure 11, winds and waves in the area seem to be well
be considered as favorable for offshore floating aligned.
wind/wave farm development. Let it also be noted that,
since all the results presented here are obtained from
numerical simulation models, they are always subject to
errors and uncertainties compared to the actual wind and
wave conditions in the examined area [29]. The time
series of wind and wave characteristics have a recording
interval of 3h, namely, 00:00, 03:00, 06:00, 09:00,
12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 24:00 UTC.
The particular time series that were analyzed
correspond to the following variables:
• Significant wave height Hm0 (m);
• Mean wave direction θwave (deg), i.e., the direction from
which the waves (sea-states) propagate;
• Wind speed Uw (m/s);
• Mean wind direction θwind (deg), i.e., the direction from
which the wind blows;
• Spectral peak period Tp (s).

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 TABLE 5: HM0 - TP FREQUENCY TABLE FOR KASOS ISLAND
(35.34° Ν, 26.80° Ε)

Spectral peak Significant wave height classes (m)

period classes 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
(s)
2-3 221 0 0 0 0 0 0

3-4 6702 7 0 0 0 0 0

4-5 24291 1634 0 0 0 0 0

5-6 18937 11619 41 0 0 0 0

6-7 6869 11028 1498 1 0 0 0

7-8 462 2492 2328 223 1 0 0

8-9 100 463 747 517 30 0 0

9-10 24 58 76 121 57 7 0

10-11 0 9 8 5 3 3 0

11-12 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

C. Operational conditions for offshore wind turbines

Fig. 11: Wave (significant wave height, wave direction, frequency of
occurrence, upper panel) and wind (wind speed, wind direction,
frequency of occurrence, lower panel) rose for Kasos Island.
The wave climate of Kasos Island for wave and wind
energy assessment purposes, as e.g., to identify the
overall most energetic sea state in the area, can be
In this section, the results presented in Table 5 will be
further elaborated in order to estimate the normal
operation conditions for offshore WTs at the examined
location. The normal operation conditions refer to
variables Hm0 and Tp for various values of wind speed
Uw. This and the following tasks are performed
according to the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) Standard 61400-3 [30].
The cell with the largest frequency of occurrence
corresponds to the most probable value of the bivariate
variable Hm0 - Tp for the particular values of wind speed
Uw. In the following Table 6, these results are
summarized. As is seen from this Table, the sub-sample
sizes are always greater than 89. In general, the most
probable values of significant wave height and spectral
peak period are increasing as the wind speed increases.
TABLE 6: MOST PROBABLE VALUES OF HM0 - TP AND
SUBSAMPLE’S SIZE FOR VARIOUS BINS OF THE WIND SPEED AT
KASOS ISLAND
Uw (m/s) 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14 14-16 16-18.62

described through the Hm0 - Tp frequency table (see HS (m) 0.548 0.709 0.944 1.576 1.886 2.488 3.116 3.994
Table 5). The Hm0 - Tp cell with the largest frequency of Tp (s) 3.777 3.792 4.906 4.906 6.256 6.914 7.573 8.331
occurrence is shown with boldface digits.
Subsample 17292 24182 24565 15133 6527 2175 621 89
size

V. ANNUAL WIND ENERGY

In this section, an attempt is made in order to
calculate the amount of energy that the under study

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device with the 10 MW WT can produce in real sea
conditions. Another brief study took place, referring to
the power that is absorbed by the WT for a range of
different wind speeds with the corresponding most
probable sea states (see Table 6). In addition, we used
the diagram for the absorbed power for the 10MW WT
of [5] (see figure 12) in order to receive the amount of
the absorbed wind power over the wind speed.
Regarding the absorbed wave power of the sea states
at these specific wind speed ranges, we found the
absorbed power of the WT and after that we calculated
the annual energy produced (in MWh) by multiplying
with the number of frequency of occurrence, dividing
with 31 years, that corresponds to the total available Fig. 13: Absorbed Power from the 10MW WT
sample size period (years 1980-2010) and then
multiplying with 3 hr, because of the three-hour repeated VI. CONCLUSION
recording intervals that have been used in the numerical A TLP floater for the DTU 10MW WT has been
models for hindcasting the wind and wave time series presented with four cylinders. For this design, the
during the day (Table 7, figure 13). exciting wave forces and moments of the system have
Figure 12 below shows the power output curve of the been calculated using a frequency domain method. Also
10MW WT used in this study. the annual wind energy is calculated based on wave
hindcast data near Kasos Island, in the Mediterranean
Sea.
The following conclusions were drawn:
1. The most frequently occurred sea state is
characterized by the pair of Hm0=0-1m and Tp=4-5s.
2. The floating structure of 10 MW WT near Kasos
Island absorbs wind energy that equals to 23432.414
MWh/year.
3. The development of floating wind turbine
technology and the optimization of their support
structures will give new directions in the field of green
energy.
Fig. 12: Turbine electrical power over the wind speed
4. The next steps of the concept development will
TABLE 7: CALCULATION OF ABSORBED POWER FROM THE WT be dealt with the calculation of the displacements of the
AT KASOS ISLAND floating structure due to simple harmonic waves, but also
Wind Speed
(Table 5)
2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14 14-16 to random seas, in order to limit the displacements of the
16-18.62

Frequency of 17292 24182 24565 15133 6527 2175 621 89 structure.

Occurrence (Table 5)
Wind Power
(Figure 12) (MW)
5. Calculation of hybrid mooring systems other
Final Absorbed
0.171 0.710 2.425 4.944 9.035 9.932 9.933
than the TLP, such as spread mooring systems,
10.000

Power (MWh/yr)
286.155 1660.367 5764.851 7240.555 5706.977 2090.463 596.917 catenaries mooring systems, mooring systems with
86.129

intermediate weights/buoys or a combination thereof.

6. Finding the optimal anchorage system in
specific areas of the Mediterranean Sea (depending on
installation costs).

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research has been financed by the project FHMES:
Floating Hybrid Mooring Wind Turbine Energy System.
This project has received funding from the Hellenic
Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) and the
General Secretariat for Research and Technology
(GSRT), under grant agreement No 720 [61/5047].
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