c
c c

   cO 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. DEFINITION OF PROPERTY .................................................................................................................................. 3

  



 


!


 

"
II. OWNERSHIP ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

 # 

$

   
 

$


%    

$
#
 &    
 

'
III. RIGHTS OF ACCESSION .................................................................................................................................... 11

  

((

 )c  

((



   *c+     , 

((
#
 - 

(.
(
 #

(.
.
 

(.

/&& 

(.

0 

(1
IV. QUIETING OF TITLE ........................................................................................................................................ 15

 #  23

(!

 c  2

(!

 45

(!
#
 6

(!
V. CO-OWNERSHIP............................................................................................................................................... 16

 # 

("

  7 

("

 #  7 8

("
#
 #  7 c 

("

 % 7 

("
*
  7&&

(9
)
 /&  7

($
:
 7   ;    &&   

('
/
 % 7  &  &&<6
19."=

('
8
 +& 7 

('
VI. POSSESSION ................................................................................................................................................... 21

 #  

.(

  > c

.(

 # : c

.(
#
  c

.(

 4&  

..
*
 4&     

..
)
 > c

..
:
   c

.
/
      

.1
8
 c&    

.1
-
 c&  

.!
VII. USUFRUCT .................................................................................................................................................... 26

  

."

 :

."

  ? 

."
#
 ?  &@ &

."

  ? 

."
*
  ? 

.9
)
  6A


.9
:

 ? 

.$
/
 %  ? 

.'
8
 +& ? 

.'
c
c c
   c9 


VIII. EASEMENTS OR SERVITUDES ......................................................................................................................... 32

 # 

.

   &BB 

.

   %

.
#
 )



 0 >&


*
    &


)
 0 +& &

1
:
 &

!
BOOK III Ȃ DIFFERENT MODES OF ACQUIRING OWNERSHIP ..................................................................................... 37
0# 

9
0 >
 

9

 

$
/

$
DONATION ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
6 

'
> 

'
- 

'
4&

1C
4&

1C
  

1C
*& 

1C
4& 

1C
  

1(
  #

1.
LEASE ................................................................................................................................................................ 45

 ) 

1!

 - 

1!

  

1"



c
c c
   c? 


Y

Y   YY  

Y
c
c 
Y /& ,&&  & , 
& D , ,  &

Y /&   3
VY ?  &
VY /% & +@&& 
&

VY        

A.Y Classification under the Civil Code

(
Y Immovableor ealcroperty

(
Y ›ands,buildings,roadandonstrutions A

.
Y rees,plants,growingruits &  && 

Y verythingattahed&&  +&, & A
&  ;
1
Y útatues,relies,paintingsorotherobjetsoruseorornamentation,    
&& && &&
!
Y Pahineries,reeptales,instrumentsandimplements  & A
&    ,& 
A
"
Y ‡nimalhouses,pigeonhouses,beehives,ishpondsorbreedingplaesosimilarnature, 
& && &, & & 
 @& @
9
Y µertilizer  
$
Y Pines,uarries,andslagdumps,&  &   ,
'
Y (o sandstrutures,   ;& + ,
A
(C
Y Ìontrat   Aservitudesotherrealrights&&   


Y 6 & &  

1(!,c(, , A
1(!,c$0,>& 


Y / 

1(!,c.,  
1(!,c&& 
1(!,c9*D


Y #

1(!,c1%, ,  ; &
1(!,c!0, ,& &&
1(!,c"&, 7, ,     &
1(!,c'#A


Y 

1(!,c(C   A,&&   

Povablesorcersonalcroperty

1(" & &   3
 c
c c
   c  


<(=Y &       
<.=Y c     
<=Y *   
<1=Y /,   &  & &   
+<

1(!6=

1(9    3
<(=Y
  ;& & &
<.=Y % A ,&&,&


DAVAO SAWMILL v CASTILLO ()
BERKENKOTER v CU UNJIENG ()
LOPEZ v OROSA ()
TUMALAD v VICENCIO ()
ASSOCIATED INSURANCE v IYA ()
MAKATI LEASING v WEAREVER ()
BD. OF ASSESSMENT APPEALS v MERALCO ()
MERALCO v BD. OF ASSESSMENT APPEALS ()
MERALCO v BD. OF ASSESSMENT APPEALS ()
CALTEX v BD. OF ASSESSMENT APPEALS ()
BENGUET CORP. v BD. OF ASSESSMENT APPEALS ()

.
Y /& %   
*&   3


Y &

Y *& & && 

Y c 

Y EB8

Y +

Y # %(!11

(!11/ samething dierentvendees,    &
irstta enpossession ingoodaith,  IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
6


 


 
% IMMOVABLE PROPERTY,   >goodaith,
irstreorded  c 

% noinsription,     inthepossession@,
  ,  oldesttitle,  



Y c  

Y   


Y #    c 

cointoomparison ‡› IGHú c ú

‡› IGHú
#  c     c  &
,  ; ,   ;,
&&&  &  ,
 + 
& (=Y % ; ;  (=Y  ;3 
    & <   & 
 &  &  
.=Y     ; &
,   ;=,&
  ;   

=Y  D  .=Y )    
  
&   
 ;
 c
c c
   cS 


=Y    
 ;  ; 
  &   

&& 
; 
A ñ 
 ñ  
6&   ;  ;( #  ;
 c ;7  #   ;
&

; ; )  / ,

  
 
&  )  /  
 ;   
 ; & 

& +&  +   6+ 
;   
  &  
  
&  


B.Y Classification by Ownership

(
Y es
ullius ; 

   

.
Y cubli(ominion  ; D
„
 
 
  

1('c    & 


1.C    &3
<(=Y  publiuse,,,,,  , %, A,,
 &
<.=Y  %,    , &publiservie development
onationalwealth

1.(‡llotherproperty %,  ,patrimonialproperty

1..c    &,nolongerintended publiusepubliservie, &   &
  %


1.1cropertyorpubliuse, ,,& ,  ,,& ,
>, ,  , &  A       ,,& 

     &patrimonial,  , ;  
 



Y c  %
1.C1.(1.. 


Y *  

Y *  

Y * & 

LA BUGAL B͛LAAN TRIBAL ASSN. v RAMOS (2004)
ON RECONSIDERATION (2005)

CHAVEZ v PEA AMARI (2002)

ON RECONSIDERATION (2003)

USERO v CA (2006)
c
c c
   cj 




Y c  0  
1.1,c( 


Y *    A   


Y cc 


Y c&c  %
1.( 


Y c&c  0  
1.1,c. 


Y cc  cc
1.!c    ,  &   %, ,
& ,   belongingtoprivatepersons,


TANTOCO v MUNICIPAL COUNCIL ()
ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE v CITY OF ZAMBOANGA ()
SALAS v JARENCIO ()
CEBU ACETYLENE v BERCILLES ()
MUNICIPALITY OF SAN MIGUEL v FERNANDEZ ()
GOVERNMENT v CABANGIS ()
CHAVEZ v PEA AMARI (2002)
ON MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION (2003)

1
Y  %    c c  c #&


Y c outsidetheommere &

Y c   ; auisitivepresription

Y c  attahedorlevied +

Y c   voluntaryeasement

C.Y Other Classifications

(
Y  +

Y  & ,&A,+  ,
&&

Y /     
&  
 
&& >3

Y +& 

Y c  & 

Y c   

.
Y & 

Y c   

 

Y      

 +& 


Y   
1($0   & 7&& 
  &  
&  withoutbeingonsumed
 alltheothers


Y &   


 

Y 67& & 
(ierentiatedromµungibleor
on-ungible
*     <    =     &A,
@ &&  &A,  
&   
67  <  &=&  

Y # 7 
c
c c
   c 



1
Y    

Y #   ;;

  ,

Y /  &    & 
;  ;



!
Y  

Y )&, 

,,

Y %   

 F6
.C%

"
Y +  &

Y c+, 

 , 

Y *+, +  + &   


 

9
Y  

Y %

Y %& 

Y & 

Y ? & ;&,&  


,




$
Y      

Y 67   

Y    

Y   

Y 6  

'
Y    &&

Y 4&& &

Y
&& &

c
c c
   c
 


Y

Y  YY

A.Y Definition



 úHIc
Y ñ


/independentright exlusiveenjoymentandontrol      &
advantages> 3
VY   < =
VY c&  
subjettotherestritions&  3
VY 
VY  
Y „  /relationinprivatelaw  <  =  & 
subjetedtohiswill   publilawonurrenewiththerightsoanother
VY  „ 
   



B.Y Bundle of Rights included in Ownership

1.'   righttoexlude  &enjoymentdisposal
*
 ,& &  repelorprevent  
    


Y ñ 
;   
Y ñ  
; & 
Y ñ  
 
Y ñ 


   ,& , &

Y ñ 
„


C.Y Other Specific Rights found in the Civil Code


(
Y +@ 7 @# % 7 
1.' 
ÊÊ Ê
Ê !Ê

.
Y  
1C&  & & ,,, 
&&



Y ;&  +  
1!6      +  ompetentauthority publiuse just
ompensation


1
Y 
1$:  ,    

6,&propertyoanother,
 útate  ,byhane
G   
/  trespasser,  

/   ointeresttosieneorthearts,%&>&; , 
 &


1',   ,hiddenandun nowndeposit money,jewelry,preious
objets,lawulownership  


!
Y   
19

"
Y 
11C     3
c
c c
   cÆ 


VY   < „„
 „ =
VY / , < „„
„

=

9
Y  B < "
„
=


Y   cB
 


Y *&&   
(=Y „„
"
„  7 &   @& & 

.=Y „„

„
7    & 
   

=Y * 7     *,/&,%,%<*/%%=
1=Y ? 7 B   B    
     +  B  <  ,( & 
& &=
!=Y 4  
"=Y 4 ;

HILARIO v SALVADOR (2005)
SAMPAYANG v CA (2005)
SANTOS v AYON (2005)
GANILA v CA (2005)
ROSS RICA SALES CENTER v SPS. ONG (2005)
PERALTA-LABRADOR v BUARIN (2005)


Y *&   
(=Y  


Y > 
11/,propertymustbeidentiied,  &relyonthestrengthohis
titleA  H&



Y /   
SERINA v CABALLERO (2004)


Y c   A   
PEREZ v MENDOZA (1975)
DIZON v CA (1993)

D.Y Limitations of Real Right of Ownership

(
Y )&

Y c   


 #
1"4  &D &  , 
,  & ,?6%%&
D; 


Y +

Y &&
1!

.
Y %  &

Y 

Y &&   &  

Y 

Y %  


Y & &  

1( &A &injuretherightsoathirdperson.
ÕY     

  
c
c c
   cO 


1. prohibittheintererene &,  
&&&,& & & 
&
&& &   & &&
ÕY  
.('(c     &3
<(=Y explosionomahinery A , && + 
  A  > 
<.=Y exessivesmo e,& &    
<=Y allingotrees,   &;
<1=Y emanations & ,,   &,  
 

"9C# , , & ;  >
"99    
"9$ >,,, ,&, ,   ,& 
"9'c &
"1'&  
"!.>    
"9     &
"9"& 
"11&&  & >
"$17"$9 ; 

US v CAUSBY ( )
LUNOD v MENESES ( )


c
c c
   cOO 




Y  YY Y

A.Y Concept
11C       , 
, 


Ê$
$$
%%Ê$

Y 

3     & & 
&    ,  

Y ñ


3+    <
  &=
7Y / & ,&;+ 
7Y      
& >  
7Y /  

B.Y General Principles of Accession

(
Y   
:


Y    <„„&  

„
=

Y 6 ;+  

.
Y   %%/
6
6/6?


Y 4built,plantedorsown improvementsrepairs&, 
 , ;   
11!

Y A,  &madebyownerathisexpense, 

11"

Y    annotbeseparatedinjuryA
destrution ,A
. ,119

Y    &>


Y    D   
1!


Y   %%/
6#/% 


Y
       6? ,/6#?% //E/ 11(

Fc/
6%3

Y c 

Y / 

Y /< =

Y /

C.Y Obligations of Receiver of Fruits to Pay Expenses by 3rd person in production, gathering and preservation

11:   + &  prodution,gathering
preservation

ÕY %/%3&;& +  
ÕY  + 3
VY #annualprodution improvement   
VY & ,+  +, &  &naturallyreuired 
 A&
ÕY  + +  ,& + ;&, &A
:
  & A

ÕY 4:08?%/*6
67c06
** ?/%3
& & &   
ÕY *   3 <11'=
ÕY *3 ,      &
&& 
 &A   

c
c c
   cO9 



D.Y Kinds of Accession

1.Y Accession Discreta (Fruits)

11C     3
VY  <=
VY  , <=


Y 6  & 

Y / & &A  

Y   ,A &  &  

BACHRACH v SEIFERT ( )
BACHRACH v TALISAY ( )

2.Y Accession Continua

Over Immovables

O.Y ‡rtiiialorIndustrial uilding,clanting,úowing

a.Y
wneris cúusingmaterialoanother›
- cúand
P 
119
&A, , ,A& ,
    ,    &

0
&&;A, ,
A 
:, 
  ,
0&&&, & 
&


Y 
 
>c%   &

Y 
  


Y c% , H&<
c%700=
11$
11'
1!C
1!(
1!.
1!
1!1

Y c% 
11$

Y c%  
11'
1!C
1!(


Y
  

(=Y > , 
ÚY c 
7Y   
7Y 6 @&

.=Y c
%
ÚY c&    &c@  
c
ÚY c%  

c
c c
   cO? 



Y  c%  
1!.
11

   c% 
1!1
119
Õ  119



Y c% , H&   
1!!

6

3) +
1!"

BERNARDO v BATACLAN ( )
IGNACIO v HILARIO ( )
SARMIENTO v AGANA ( )
DEPRA v DUMLAO ( )
TECHNOGAS PHIL v CA ( )
ORTIZ v KAYANAN ( )
GEMINIANO v CA ( )
PLEASANTVILLE DEV͛T CORP v CA ( )
FELICES v IRIOLA ( )
SPOUSES NUGUID v CA (1993)
SPOUSES NUGUID v CA (2005)

9.Y
atural‡essionÌontinua
atural 


Y &
1!9 ; A   &  
 


ÕY 2?/%/%*
6# /
6
-c*
:6*/
*: /c /6
46 
<(=Y #  &   7+A 
<.=Y 0   
<=Y A ; A 
ÕY @A I D   & 
  
ÕY 4 &54  & 


ÕY    &&    && 

REPUBLIC v CA ( )
GRANDE v CA ( )
MENESES ( )


Y 
1!'4 ,A & AA  
 ,     , 
&&.


NAVARRO ( )


Y    
1"(
1".
1"

BAES v CA ( )
BINALAY v MANALO

c
c c
   cO  



Y *& /
1"(
1".
1"
1"1
1"!
%c#(C"9

?.Y everse‡ession
(.C,*
.(,

Over Movables

O.Y Ìonjuntionand‡djuntion


Y $
„ 
 &


Y   %

Y c&  &

Y *&&&


Y  4


Y Ê„  4


Y 
  c

9.Y ÌommixtionandÌonusion

SIARI VALLEY ESTATES v LUCASAN (1955)
SANTOS v BERNABE ()

?.Y úpeiiation
c
c c
   cOS 





Y  YY Y


A.Y Differences between Action to Quiet Title and Action:

‡tiontouietitle ‡tionto emoveaÌloud
%       c, , &,
+    & &&  H
& ;+&;& 

c  c  
 &&,    H&,  ,
&withoutoundation  
  natureohislaimsothatitmaybe
determinedbyderee

‡tiontouietitle ‡tiontocreventaÌloud
    
 +, & >

ÕY @I&,,&,&   ,
&&  ;  

ÕY /& &    

ÕY &&   & &   

ÕY / &   +


B.Y Prescription of Action to Quiet Title


Y /    3&   

Y /    3       ,

OLVIGA v CA (1993)
PINGOL v CA (1993)

C.Y Who are Entitled to Bring Action?
"1,%
(,c.,  

D.Y Notes

(
Y     

19"4  
,  &,,&,
& ,     , , 
  ,&  ;,&  &>

&    &    

.
Y c >  ;B  


Y /&&,&   ,  ,, , 
  

1
Y c &   & 


TITONG v CA (1998)

!
Y > >



SPS. PORTIC v CRISTOBAL (2005)




c
c c
   cOj 





Y  Y

A.Y Definition

Ì
-

 úHIc
Y  &&&&   < =



B.Y Characteristics of co-ownership

(
Y   ,  

.
Y  ,    


Y 7 

1
Y 0 &7;&  

 
PARDELL v BARTOLOME ( )

C.Y Differences between Co-ownership and Joint Tenancy

Ìo-ownership ointenany
 

D.Y Differences between Co-ownership and Partnership

Ìo-ownership cartnership
 

GATCHALIAN v COLLECTOR ( )

E.Y Source of Co-ownership

(
Y 


Y  
(19,*
(1$,*
'C


Y c
(1!.


Y %
Y /3(1!.
Y 3c .&


Y #
9!
!9,.c


Y 
19.

SIARI VALLEY ESTATE v LUCASAN ()



Y :
1$


Y &  
c
c c
   cO 


"!$


Y
 

PUNZALAN v BOON LIAT ( )

+
Y &&
%"<=, 19."

.
Y 


Y &
# 7 31'1
 

Y ?  
(99$
(99'
(9$C


Y 
(99!

F.Y Rights of each co-owner as to the thing owned in common

(
Y   &  &,+ & , 3

Y /; ; 7 @

Y 4  7
1$"

PARDELL v BARTOLOME ( )

.
Y     ,   &  
1$!

Y  
Y c&  > 


Y 7& ;&
1$9

RESUENA v CA (2005)
ACABAL v ACABAL (2005)

1
Y & 7 3

Y +    &&

Y  & +
1$$

Y 7H   >&   „



+ 3  ;7 
Y >     & &+  & && && &
1$'
Y     7

!
Y   

& 7 
1'(

‡Ìú
µ‡› ‡I



c
c c
   cO
 



Y  
Y ;&& 7
Y &,  + &
 7


Y # & &
1'.

‡tso‡lteration ‡tso‡dministration
 


Y    & 77

~UERY: Is lease of real property owned in common an act of alteration?
"19
($9$<$=

"
Y   &; ;&
1'.,c

LAVADIA v COSME ()
MELENCIO v DY TIAO LAY ()
TUASON v TUASON ()

9
Y +& 
(".C
(".

MARIANO v CA ()
VERDAD v CA ()

$
Y A  
1'1

RAMIREZ v RAMIREZ ()
AGUILAR v CA (1993)
VDA DE APE v CA (2005)

'
Y
 & 
(".(
("..

HALILI v CA (1998)
FRANCISCO v BOISER (2000)

G.Y Implications of co-owners right over his ideal share

(
Y 73


Y    

Y ,&&   
?3
7&+ & 

Y   ;& 

Y   & +  
1$$

.
Y    7


Y & 

Y  >       

Y  7& A&  ;
c
c c
   cOÆ 


1''
FcA      
1'9

CARVAJAL v CA ()
PAMPLONA v MORETO ()
CASTRO v ATIENZA ()
ESTO~UE v PAJIMULA ()
DIVERSIFIED CREDIT v ROSADO ()
PNB v CA ()

H.Y Rules on co-ownership not applicable to conjugal partnership of gains or absolute community of property

I.Y Special rules on co-ownership of different stories of a house as differentiated from provisions of Condominium Law
(Act No. 4726)

(
Y   &&

.
Y > &&


Y   &&

SUNSENT VIEW CONDOMINIUM v JUDGE CAMPOS (1981)

J.Y Extinguishment of co-ownership

(
Y  

.
Y 0  


Y >  


Y  

Y 77
Y 2?/%/%7?> 3

Y ?>   7 <& 7=A
7 

Y
 ,&  >  +
>  

Y  &   7
 
CAPITLE v DE GABAN (2004)

1
Y c


Y A  &,Fc3


Y 4 < (C=



Y 4 &   <=+.C
1'1


Y 4 &&  < =



Y 4    


 &&   


Y 4  < & 7 =
1'1
ÚY     >  
c
c c
   c9 




Y    
(C'(
!1
(C'.
(C'
1''
!CC
!C(


Y   7
1'9


Y c  
"',  
c
c c
   c9O 





Y Y

A.Y Definition and Concept

c
úúúúI


Y / 
;& , &   
 ; 
Y /    & 

  < 

= &
 < 
 
=

B.Y Essential Requisites of Possession

(
Y : <„
= 


Y &  

Y + 

Y  < =

RAMOS v DIRECTOR OF LANDS ( )
DIRECTOR v CA ( )

.
Y / <
 
 
=

C.Y Degrees of Holding of Possession

(
Y 0   


   B   

.
Y c;,   


  , , ,,,

Y   neverripenintoullownershipnorepudiation  
 



Y c;   ,  &


   &  
Y         &


1
Y c; &
Y     , A, 
 



D.Y Cases of Possession

(
Y c onesel +one͛sownname nameoanother
!.1

.
Y coneptoanowner oneptoamereholder  
!.!


Y cgoodaith badaith
!."

PLEASANTVILLE DEV͛T CORP v CA ( )


Y 0A    >    

KASILAG v RO~UE (1939)


c
c c
   c99 


E.Y What things or rights may be possessed

!C
suseptibleoappropriation&  ;  

F.Y What may not be possessed by private persons

(
Y &&

.
Y c    &


Y B7 &


G.Y Acquisition of Possession


(
Y 4 > 
!(


Y 0  


Y % ; 

Y #  

Y /
(=Y  "
 H
Y 

 ,
.=Y  „
  
 & H
Y 

,&&&


Y c  &
Y  >   3
7Y % 
7Y $
""
7Y „  
7Y 
Y / 
 
 
„ ,,<=,,;
  , + ;&,+   &

BANCO ESPANOL FILIPINO v PETERSON ( )

.
Y &  >
!.


Y & 
ÊÊ Ê
Ê
%'$$$

(
Y  > 
.
Y / 

Y c  > 

Y  
Ê'$$Ê


Y 


Y     ; , ;   
 

.(11
1(.'
.(!C


Y 2 ,&  
!!


Y 4  
c
c c
   c9? 


!9
((('


Y &
!9

MACASAET v MACASAET (2004)


Y +A  
!9


Y    ;<

 =
!"

CUAYCONG v BENEDICTO ()
ASTUDILLO v PHHC ()
PERAN v CFI ()

1
Y    
!$

)6  ?3c D  

Fc/
63/ 7  7  &

/   ,  3

Y cresent  

Y / .& ,longer 

Y /   &,presentsatitle

Y / >, plaedinjudiialdeposit &   
   

H.Y Effects of Possession

(
Y /, righttoberespetedinhispossession@  ,  proteted
restored 
!'


Y  


Y „„

 „ %&&    
7Y c &A   &&;
7Y 4(C &  &   
!'

YU v HONRADO ( )


Y „„

„
    , 


Y „„
"
„    , 


Y      &   


Y   &  7 
1.'

.
Y ntitlementtoruits  B  
!11
!1'


Y eimbursementorexpenses  B  
Y          
!!
c
c c
   c9  


!!.

1
Y c & > <  =euivalenttotitle
!!'
Y catualtitle   
Y
lostamovable unlawullydeprived &reoveritbutwithoutreimbursement
Fc3/  >  

I.Y Effect of possession in the concept of an owner


(
Y c&   &   , ;+ 


.
Y c&  ;   
!1(
Fc/
63(((


Y c&   +  „„
"
„  

1
Y 0&  7 1.'

!
Y c&A       c 

"
Y : & & + <&  =

9
Y ?      ,&& &

$
Y ), D 
 

'
Y c    
!.$
Y 0A    >    
!.",c

J.Y Presumptions in favor of the possessor

(
Y
goodaith 
!.$

.
Y
ontinuityoinitialgoodaith &&  + 
 &&&  & &    
!.$

CORDERO v CABRAL ( )


Y
;&  sameharaterinwhihpossessionwasauired 
!.'

1
Y
7       provespossessionataprevioustime

!!1
((.C
((.(
((..
((.
((.1

!
Y
 7    wrongullydeprived     &
!"(

"
Y
 &         

c
c c
   c9S 



Y
extension     allmovablesontained
+
1."

b.Y 67    hereditaryproperty
!
(C9$


Y
justtitle     
!1(

((1(

K.Y Possession may be lost by

(
Y  &
.
Y &,

Y #  &&
1
Y c @  @   (C
Y % ;!9<&,=
c
c c
   c9j 



Y 


Y Y

A.Y Concept

!".

•ú•µ •Ì
Y /,& D; &&+ 
 H  ,  ,&   &  ,
 >


B.Y Historical Considerations

C.Y Characteristics of Usufruct

D.Y Usufruct Distinguished from Lease; from Servitude

•surut ›ease
 

•surut úervitude
 

E.Y Classes of Usufruct

(
Y 


Y E

Y 
.(
..",*

Y 0+

.
Y  ;  


Y %& 

Y 0 

Y %&

Y %
& 
9!"
$"
$"'


Y  ;  


Y 
!91

Y 

Y 6&

Y  &,>7 


1
Y +  


Y  

Y 

Y c
c
c c
   c9 


!'$


Y  ;

Y %

Y ?
!'!

% ;  3
9!$
9!'

!
Y &  
!"1


Y c

Y 

Y 4&< =

F.Y Rights of Usufructuary


(
Y  


Y possessenjoy , 
Y * , 
Y , 
!""
1"
Y *    
!"9
Y  
!"'
!$$


Y lease
!9.
Y &
Y    
!'C
Y +  

FABIE v DAVID ()


Y improve
!9'

.
Y    

a.Y mortgage
  
!9.


Y alienate 
Fc3
Y /   
Y 4  &

G.Y Rights of Naked Owner


(
Y  ,,&  
<%      =

c
c c
   c9
 


.
Y # 

Y   

Y :&  
&3
!$(

H.Y Obligations of Usufructuary

(
Y      + 


Y &A
!$


Y Ê'$$Ê$
Ê
(
(=Y /&&  
.=Y 0  


Y Ê%Ê$
Ê'$Ê Ê
$
Ê
(
(=Y 6 ; 
!$!
.=Y  +&A 
=Y  &A


Y       &  


Y 6 > 3
(=Y 6 ;
!$!
.=Y ?  
!$1
=Y  + 
1=Y /  A „ „
   


Y     
!$$


Y     
!$"
!''

.
Y # 


Y A A   &
!$'

   &  
"(C


Y A 
!'.

(I
‡  c‡I ú


Y   A+7 
!'
 ‡-
(I
‡  c‡I ú
(=Y   + 
.=Y 6A A& & ,  &
 

!'1,( c
=Y 6A & A+ 
ÚY /    A+ ,& &  @
ÚY   
c
c c
   c9Æ 



!'1,. c


Y   + 

BD. OF ASSESSMENT APPEALS OF ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR v SAMAR MINING COMPANY INC ()


Y   & 
"C(


Y   
"C.


Y    ,  
!'C


Y & &  


Y  , A 
Fc/
63 & 

I.Y Special Cases of Usufruct

(
Y ?   &
!9C

.
Y ?    &&
!$.


Y ?   
!'(

1
Y ? 
!9!
!9"

!
Y ?  
!9$

"
Y ? &  
"CC

9
Y ?  &
!'$
     

$
Y ?    
!9$

'
Y ? &   <>7 =
!91

J.Y Extinguishment of Usufruct
"C

(
Y #  
Fc/
63 

.
Y +     & &     
Y &&    ,    + 
 +
"C"

c
c c
   c? 


BALURAN v NAVARRO ()
NHA v CA ()
BULACAN GARDEN CORP v MANILA SEEDLING BANK ()



Y 0   A  

1
Y   

Y &

Y 0 + 

Y / &  ,&  &($(

!
Y +   


Y /     &  
"C$

(
Y 4 && byownerandusurutuary
)*+,- 

Y /  ,   

Y /  ,    

.
Y 4Abyowneronly   


)*+,.  

Y
&<  =

Y /  , &B&   
)*/

Y /  ,  , & 
&


Y 4Abyusurutuaryonly   H <  
=

Y /  

Y 6  

Y ? 

Y
 


Y /   
"C9

(
Y /   &  &&  

Y /  , &

Y /  , & &A &,  
&<JJJJ555=

"
Y &    

9
Y c 

3

Y /  >     

Y     

Y       

Y /  &7   > 

$
Y 4+&  


Y +    
"C'


Y   
$(C
c
c c
   c?O 



H


Y ?  
"C9
"C$

c
c c
   c?9 


-
Y 


YY Y  Y


A.Y Definition

‡úP
or ‡›ú I•(ú
Y /   & +;& 
 & ,
Y /&&  

 ,   & 
&& &       


B.Y Essential feature of easements/real servitudes/praedial servitudes

(
Y /,


  


.
Y /;  < 
 
@   =

+H
 <


 "@   I=



Y /&&  < =,&& 


1
Y /&H      &  &,  

 &&  ,  &


!
Y / &


"
Y /> <" 
 „
„

& @&
&  I= < 

=

9
Y ),& && rerainromdoing
something<" 


 „
=,permitthatsomethingbedone  <" 



=, not&ownerotheservientestatetodosomething<" 
 „
=Fc 
aessoryobligation < 

=

%!%Ê$$%ÊÊ Ê
6

+ --

$
Y /   &  

"(9

'
Y /& ,

   && ,  


(C
Y / 

"("

((
Y / &,

,,& &


C.Y Classification of Servitudes

(
Y     


Y c

Y c
6

3? &,     ,
 "   K
"(1

.
Y 


Y ,       
"1

Y E
c
c c
   c?? 




Y +
"(!


Y 

Y #

1
Y  +
"(!


Y  

Y 67 

!
Y  ; & 
"("


Y c

Y 6
Y c  &   

D.Y General rules relating to servitudes

(
Y 6  <
 "=
.
Y <" 
 „
„

& =

Y  <" " 


=
1
Y & +„",

 & 

!
Y &  


E.Y Modes of acquiring easements

NORTH NEGROS v HIDALGO ()

(
Y 
Y 8

,,

DUMANGAS v BISHOP OF JARO ()


Y / & >    + & ,& >
  ,L

Y 0     

Y  ;&

Y +  
".1

AMOR v FLORENTINO ()

.
Y   

RON~UILLO v ROCO ()

F.Y Rights and obligations of owners of dominant and servient estates

(ominantstate

(
Y   &


Y &
"."
+  &
".!

Y ,+ ,A   &
".9
c
c c
   c?  



Y / ,A  &   &
"!(

DE LUNA v ENCARNACION ()

.
Y
  &


Y &    && & 
"."

Y     &A &A &

".9

Y 6&& &
".9

VALDERRAMA v NORTH NEGROS ()


Y  +  A   , &,


".$

úervientstate


Y   


Y     
"C


Y  & &

".',. c

1
Y
 


Y 6&  &
".$,(c


Y    +  &
".$,.c

G.Y Modes of extinguishment of easements

"(&+ 3

(
Y Perger&    &
Y 0  ,   ,&& 

.
Y
on-user (C

Y &   

Y #& & 

Y & &+A 

Y  7 &    
"

Y %+ + 7


Y +& &   

1
Y +  &  & 

!
Y   &
Y 0   ,,+ < &7=

"
Y &   
c
c c
   c?S 



9
Y
&"(

Y & &

Y &  

Y  & 

Y &&

Y %  + &  @  

H.Y Legal Easements


(
Y &


Y *  &

Y % 
(=Y c#(C"94
.=Y c#9C!*  &

Y c  .,E//,A// <&=


Y * &

Y &    ;   

Y    .,E//,A// <&=

.
Y c&   6

=Y    &

(=Y 6 
"9

ONGSIAKO v ONGSIAKO ()

.=Y & A
"$
%4

=Y  & &
"'

1=Y >
"1.
"1
"11
"1!
"1"

!=Y #&
"1C
"1(

"=Y % A
"1'

=Y &  

"1'
"!C
"!(
"!.
"!
"!1
"!!
"!"
c
c c
   c?j 


"!9

~UIMEN v CA (1996)
CHAN v CA ()
LA VISTA ASSN v CA (1997)
VDA. DE BELTAZAr v CA ()
SPS. DELA CRUZ v RAMISCAL (2005)

=Y &  


"!$
"!'
""C
""(
"".
""
""1
""!
"""

=Y & 

""9
""$
""'
"9C
"9(
"9.
"9

=Y &   

"91
"9!
"9"

=Y &  

"99
"9$
"9'
"$C
"$(

=Y &

"$.
"$

=Y &  ; 

"$1
"$!
"$"
"$9
c
c c
   c? 




žY YY  YYY

 Y  Y
Mode and Title Differentiated

P
(
Y    & 7+   ,
     & > 
Y c+&

I›
Y ;&>    
Y &

Modes of Acquiring Ownership



/)/60
#%
Y 4 >     7+  ,,  &
& 


Y
 

Y /

# /E/E0
#%
Y     , ;&, , 
  
Y 7


VY 1'"
VY   
(11
VY 0c
VY :
VY 
11!
VY H
1"(
VY & 
1""
""$(
(1!"
(.C

=Y #
=Y %
=Y c 
=Y 

Ê'$$Ê
<(=Y c7+  
<.=Y 8 &
<=Y /<  =
<1=Y  <&>=
<!=Y  &, ,& 

)0F/03@



„,  
, 
  
 
 0<6 &&,  , 
 
=
c
c c
   c?
 



"$
$$


Y 

Y 

Y %& 

Y #   &

Y &

Y  &

Y & &

Y 27

Y    
Occupation


Y 6      
9(1


Y c   
9(!


Y
  &  &&
9("
!"C


Y c 
9(9


Y :
9($
1$
1'


Y & 
9('
9.C

c  & 

Intellectual creation
/c < $.'=

Intelletualcroperty ightsIc


Y  M

Y &AM&A

Y ) 

Y /

Y c

Y    

Y    &,  M 

Y c  &

Y   /c
%.'  /c , 3
Y c#1'/c #,c#.$!&
Y ("!,&c
Y ("",&
Y ($$($'  c

c
c c
   c?Æ 


Y

 Y
Nature of donation
Y   H 

Requisites of donation


Y    

Y 
  

<=

Y # 

Y *&   

6

Y & impoverishment< = H &enrihment  

Kinds of donation

(
Y A 

Y $
""
9.'
9C
9(

Y „  
9.$

Y 


 
$.,*
$9,*

.
Y 

Y %& 

Y &

Y
&      

Y /&   >  

Y    &

&       
$$.

Y 0+
 # „  



     


Y  +&

Y c

Y 
9C
9(
ÚY ÊÊ%
$ $Ê%
$$


Y 4&

1
Y /&   

Y  &

Y 

Y &  
9.9
(($

!
Y  „  

Y    H

Y  H,  

Y   

"
Y # „  
""
c
c c
   c  



Y 4& &         &  ;
&

Y /&    

Who may not give or receive donations


9!
99
9$
91(
91.

Who may give or receive donations


9"
9'
(C.9
(C.
91C
91
911

Acceptance of donation

(
Y 4& 
91!
919

.
Y &  

Y  
""
91"

Y  „  

Form of donations

(
Y c  
91$

.
Y   
91'


Y 91$91'  3

Y


Y 0

Y „  

Y #



 

What may be donated


(
Y    ,  , 


Y c
E/##,   , &   &  
  &  
9!C


Y c
E/##, &,  ,&& 
9!.

,    H   ,,  

9!'
($9
c
c c
   c O 




.
Y / +     ,inoiious

Fc/
6%


Y #  marriagesettlements uturespouses&(B!    
$1,*
(C,


Y #



 byanasendant ;, +(B(C   

(C9C


Y 4&not 


Y *  
9!(  & 
Fc/
6
Y 0&    +3&
$1,*
(C

Effect of donation


Y /

SHOPPER͛S PARADISE REALTY v RO~UE (2004)

(
Y #&& 

.
Y #    
9!1


Y # ,Fc   
+  
9!1

1
Y #       
9!1

!
Y /



 ,&   &&& ,
  
((,

"
Y #;7 ,Fc

Y # 

Y #  ; <;=?6%% 
9!


Y %  

(
Y     < =&   
9!!
.
Y # A  
9!"

Y    
9!9
1
Y c& H 
9!$

Y / +  
VY #    ,?6%%  
c
c c
   c 9 


VY      +   ,?6%%

Y /  
VY #  H    
!
Y /&  
9.9
(($

Revocation and Reduction of Donations



Y  & 

evoation edution
 


Y   B 

(
Y /  
9!.
99(
99
'((
'(.


Y 4&A 
99.


Y  3/     .&
99

.
Y % > ,    & 
9"C


Y 

(
Y /


Y 
9"!


Y &  
9"'


Y 4& 
99C


Y   


&
9""
9"9

.
Y E 


Y c  


Y &  

YULO AND SONS v ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF SAN PABLO (2005)


Y   

c
c c
   c ? 


9".
9"1c.
9"9

1
Y   

9"$

c
c c
   c  



c
c c
   c S 



Y
Y
A.Y General characteristics of every lease

(
Y & 
.
Y


Y c +

B.Y Kinds of leases

(
Y  & && 

.
Y  A  
(9CC
(9C(
(9C.
(9C
(9C1
(9C!
(9C"
(9C9
(9C$
(9C'
(9(C
(9((
(9(.


Y  


Y :


Y    A
(9(
(9(1
(9(!
(9("
(9(9
(9($
(9('
(9.C
(9.(
(9..
(9.
(9.1
(9.!
(9."
(9.9
(9.$
(9.'
(9C
(9(


Y   &&
(9.
(9
c
c c
   c j 


(91
(9!
(9"
(99
(9$
(9'
(91C
(91(
(91.
(91
(911
(91!
(91"
(919
(91$
(91'
(9!C
(9!(
(9!.
(9!
(9!1
(9!!
(9!"
(9!9
(9!$
(9!'
(9"C
(9"(
(9".
(9"

C.Y Lease of things


(
Y  
("1

.
Y &   ;& 
Fc
("1!

Y &   
< 


 
=

Y ) &


Y %   

Y   &;& 

Y 

Y


Y c +  ;&

Y & 

1
Y  &%,? ,&&&

!
Y c    


Y #  &''

Y /  

Y 
("$.

Y ? 
("$9

"
Y & 
c
c c
   c  


("1'

9
Y % 
("!C


Y : < '"!=


Y
  
("!(
*
("!.

$
Y   


Y
 
("!1
(""(


Y
 
("!9
("".
(""
(""!
(""$
(""9


Y    & 
("!$


Y A 
("!'
(""C


Y   &    
(""1

'
Y ) ;&  
("9

6: 

2? 3 5

(C
Y A   &&; 
("91
!',c.

((
Y /& + 
("9C
("$.
("$9
("9!

(.
Y    
("9"
("99

(
Y ? & & & 
("9$

(1
Y %    
("$C
("$(
c
c c
   c
 


("$.
("$
("$1
("$!

(!
Y %     
("$"
("$9
("$$