CConpuscr & Strat, VO 10.96. 421-585. Pergamon Press 179. Presa Great Bouin NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE STRUCTURES Jou F. FLEMING Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A. (Received 31 May 1978: received for publication 27 July 1978) Abstract—The nonlinear static analysis of plane cable-stayed bridge structures is discussed. A comput Presented which will analyze a plane cable-stayed bridge structure considering the effect of initial cabl member dead weights, and distributed and concentrated live loads. program is tensions, INTRODECTION : A ccble-stayed bridge is a nonlinear structural system in which the girder is supported elastically at points along its length by inclined cable stays. A wide variety” of geometric configuratiods have been utilized in cable- stayed bridge construction, Several typical geometries are shown in Fig. 1(a). This type of bridge construction differs from conventional suspension bridges since the girder is supported by individual inclined cable memters, which are attached directly to the tower, rather than by vertical hangers which are supported by one main cable suspended between the towers, as shown in Fig. 1(b). ‘Although the concept of supporting a bridge deck by inclined tension stays can be traced back to the seven- teenth century[1, the economical explotation of this concept by bridge engineers has had to await develop- ments in two other fields: orthotropic steel decks and high strength steel cables{2}. The first modern cable- stayed bridge was built in Sweden in 1955. At the present tisne approximately 100 such structures have been built tAssociate Professor of Civil Engineering. throughout the world, ranging from short span foot bridges to long spon highway and railroad bridges, and their popularity is rapidly increasing among bridge engineers. One of the main difficulties which an engineer encoun- ters when faced with the problem of designing a cable- stayed bridge is the lack of experience with this type of structure, particularly due to its nonlinear behavior under normal design loads. The purpose of this paper is to present a computer program for performing a norlinear static analysis of plane cable-stayed bridge structures. NOSLINEAR BEHAVIOR Eventhough the material in the members of a cable- stayed bridge structure behaves in a linear elastic manner, the overall load-displacement relationships for * the structure will be nonlinear under normal design loads. This nonlinear behavior is a result of: the nonlinear axial force~deformation relationship for the inclined cable stays due to the sag caused by their own dead weight; the nonlinear axial and bending force- ASAS, Zs, Radiating Fon mn Star o ‘ Fig. 1. CAS Vol 1, Ne. OE on‘mation relationships for the bending members, and axial defo:mattons in the members; and the large displacements which can occur in the structure under normal design toads. All of these effects are due to geometry changes which occur in the structure as it deforms under load. Inclined cable stays : It is well known from elementary mechanics that a cable, supported at its ends and subjected to its own weight and an externally applied axial tensile'force will sag into the shape of a catenary, The axial stiffness of the cable will change with changing sag, which in tum changes with displacement of the cable ends, For con- ventional tension members, the sag due to self weight can te safely ignored, however, for cable members the sag must be considered if an accurate analysis is to be obtained. ama The displacements of the cable ends, which result from deformations in the structure due to the applied loads, have three distinct effects upon the cable. The first is a change in strain in the cable material. This change in strain can be considered to be linear and is governed by the material modulus of elasticity. Second, there is a rearrangement of the individual wires in the cable cross section under changing load, Part of this deformation, which is known as constructional stretch, is permanent, however, this permanent deformation is usually eli minated by the cable manufacturer by pre-stretching the cable to a load greater than the working load during the manufacturing process. The non-permanent part of this deformation results in an apparent reduced effective modulus of elasticity for the cable material. For example, ASTM Specification A536. states that the effective which can occur due to the interaction af large bending que: JOHN F. Fleming: criginal geometry can be used to compute the member s. member slopes, ard load moment arms. In cable- stayed bridge structures displacements of several feet can occur, therefore, the effect of geometry changes in the structure could be significant Consideration of nonlinzar effects in analysis Since the force-deformation relationships for cable- stayed bridges are nonlinear, their analysis under the action of applied loads is more complicated than for conventional structures, It is a basic rule of mechanicg that statically applied loads on a structure will always be in equilibrium with the internal member forces. For a linear structure, the equilibrium equations can be formu. fated in terms of the displacements with non-changing proportionality constants known as stiffness coeffcienis: The general form of the equilibrium equations are _TKHO}= (7) where [K] is the square matrix of stiffness coefficient: {D} is the vector of joint displacements and {1} is the vector of applied joint loads, For nonlinear structures, the stiffness coeicients change with changing load, and in most cases cannot be represented by a simple al gebraic expression, thus increasing the difficulty in formulating and obtaining a solution for the equilibriur equations. The procedure used in the computer program presen- ted here, for the analysis of plane cable-stayed bridge structures, is a combined incremental and interative ap- proach. The unbalanced loads, which are obtained from summing the external applied loads and internal member forces at each joint in the structure, are applied in- crementally during each iteration cycle assuming linear modulus of elasticity for pre-stretched helical strand AF behavior of the structure during the application of each shall be taken as 23-24 lion Ib/psi,whereas,fip|load increment. The stiffness coefficients for the struc- the material modulus of elasticity is approximately 29” ‘ture ars recomputed after each load increment using the million Ibipsi. Third, there is the change in sag of the cable, exclusive of material deformation. This change in sag is governed by the length of the cable, the weight of the cable and the tensile force in the cable. It is this, change in sag which causes the nonlinear force-defor- mation relationship for the cable since the change in sag does not vary linearly with cable tension. Bending members | Structural members which carry beth axial force end * ung moment are subjected to an interaction 2ziween these two effects. The lateral deflection of a member causes additional bending moment when subjected to a simultaniously applied axial force, thus altering the fiexural stiffness. Ina like manner, the presence of bending moments will affect the axial stiffness of the member due to an apparent shortening of the member caused by the bending deformations. For most structures the interaction between bending and axial effects can be ‘ignored, however, due to the large member deformations which can occur in cable-stayed bridges, this interaction could be significant and should be considered, at least until it can be shown whether it has an important effect upon the behavior of the structure Large displacements The usual practice in structural design is to assume that geometric changes in the structure, during the ap- plication of the design loads, are small, so that the actual deformed shape of the structure. Iterations are continued until equilibrium is satisfied at all joints wit @ prescribed limit. COMPUTATION OF STRUCTURAL STIFFNESS The stiffness matrix [K] for the structure can be computed by the standard assembly procedure by sum- ming the stiffnesces of the individual members of the structure (3). Th.:-” *e if the stiffnesses of the individual members can be computed then the total structural stiffness can be found. Inclined cable stays A convenient method for considering the nonlinearity in the inclined cable stays is to consider an equivalent straight chord member with an equivalent modulus of elasticity. The equivalent modulus of elasticity combines both the effects of material and geometric deformations, hence, the axial stiffness of the equivalent member for any particular combination of cable sag and cable tension is the same as the axial stiffness of the actual cable. This concept of an equivalent modulus of elasticity was first introduced by Ernst{-) and has been verified by several additional investigatorst, 6) If the change in tension of a cable during 2 load increment is not large, the axial stiffness of the cable will not signif load increment. For this situa lus of elasticity can beNonlinear static analy sis of cable-stayed bridge structures 633 -d to be constant and is given by Eeq = El{ + (WHY AE/1277}] @ where Eeq is the equivalent modulus of elasticity, E is the effective material modulus of elasticity as described previously, H is the horizontal projected length of the cable, w is the weight per unit length of the cable, A is ” the cross section area and T is the cable tension before the load increment is applied. By using the concept of an equivalent modulus of elasticity the individual member stiffness matrix, for any inclined cable stay, for the local coordinate system shown in Fig. 2, can be written in the standard form AEeglLc “ tkmi= [sees ~Azete] = AEegiLec 2 where Lc is the inclined chord length. Bending members The nonlinear behavior of the other members in the structure, due to the interaction of large bending and axial deformations can be considered by introducing the concept of stability functions{3,7]. The modified member stiffness matrix, in the local coordinate system shown in Fig. 3, will be of the form kuSs 0 0 kuSs 0 0-7 0 knSi ka: 0 ksSy keeSs ye |, ksSs ksSs 0 kiss kanSe (xm) 0 kuSs 0 0 kssS2 0 kssSrksaS ssi moh tics spill a in which the k's are the standard stiffness terms kus kas ~ he =~ ha = ABIL (2) (Sb) (se) hos = keg = $ENL (Sd) oe = ks = ELL (Se) where E is the matenal modulus of elasticity, L is the member length, A is the cross section area and J is the Moment of inertia of the cross section about an axis Perpendicular to the plane ot the member. The stability functions can be expressed in terms of the member axial Fig. 2 Fig. 3. ¢ ne Moe Fig. 4 force P and the end moments Mab and Mba, as defined in Fig. 4, as follows For a compressive axial force Si= (XL) sin (xL)/2Re (62) (NC) WOU = DEAD UEIGHT PER UNIT LENGTH OF MEMBER IF THE VALUE OF UOL TS THE SANE FOR A GROUP OF MEMBERS THE IDENTICAL VALUE NEED NOT BE REPEATED ON EACH CARD OF THE GRCUP. IF THE VALUE ON & CARD IS LEFT BLANK GR. SPECIFIED AS ZERO THE LAST NONZERO VALUE SPECIFIED WILL BE USED. THE DEAD WEIGHT CARES MAY BE ENTERED IN ANY DESIRED ORDER SO THAT MEMBERS UITH IDENTICAL PROPERTIES HAY BE GROUPED TOGETHER TO SIMPLIFY THE INPUT. NUMBER AND 1 DECIMAL JOINT Lond CARDS. THE FIRST CARD OF THIS GROUF IS A HEAUER CARD READING ‘JOINT Loas* FOLLOED BY ONE CARD FOR EACH LOADED JOINT. THE JOINT LOAD CARDS CONTAIN 1 INTEGER NUMBER AND 3 DECIMAL NUSBERS: N UX UY UZ N= JOINT NUMBER Ux = GLOBAL X COMPONENT OF LoAD CN JOINT Ur = GLOBAL Y COMPONENT OF LOA Ov JOINT Uz = GLOBAL Z HOMENT ON JOINT THE JOINT LOAD CARDS May BE ENTERED IN ANY DESIRED ORDER. HENBER DISTRIBUTED LOAD CARDS. ThE FIRST CARD OF THIS GEOUF IS A HEADES CARG KEANING LOADS* FOLLOUED BY ONE CARR FOR Gath LOANED EMBER (OTHER THAN Bead Loan). ThE MEMPER DISTRIBUTED LOAD CARUS CONTAIN 1 INTEGER NUMBE® ANC A DECIMAL NUMBERS: N USX MEX USY HEY N= HEMEES NUMBER Ys = LOCAL X COMPONENT OF LOAL INTENSITY AT HENBER S MEX = LOCAL X COMPONENT OF LOR) IstEMSITY AT MEMBER EW: us¢ = LOCAL ¥ COMPONENT OF LOAD INTENs, RENDER S787 UeY = LOCAL Y COMPONENT OF Luat INiew: RENEER EM ThE MENSER LOADS ARE ASSUMED TO VAkY LINEARLY OUeR THE LENGTH THE REHBER. FOR A UNIFORM LOAU THE VALUES AT THE START ant) Evp OF THE MEMBER WILL BE TUENTICAL THE MEMBER LOAD CARDS MAY BE ENTESE: IN ANY DESIRED ORDE te anatrsts LUTY FUNCTIONS STAYED BRIDGE NCNLINEAR S UDING EFFECT OF MENBER STH COMMON TETLECZO) eM dete NEWNELE WNL JeNLMs ISTIF+NEO “Ne rMLEFT + NANO) IN, IQUTHNSTER Ls VETEE2 SL EMTT) AUN MESORY DIMENSIGH COAE:35590) » [CORE ! 30009 EQUIVALENCE (COKE(1)+ ICORE(1)) SET MEMORY SIZE AND INPUT-OUTPUT UN: HERORY=30000 THs, toutes READ ANG WRITE PROBLEM TITLE 19 REAL T4+S000+ENG#30) TITLE URITECTOUT?S010) TITLE REAO STRUCTURE DATA MJ = NUABER OF JOINTS NH = NUMBER OF MEMSERS NSUF = NUMBER OF SUFFORT JOINTS NC = NUMBER OF CABLES NLJ = NUMBER OF LoaveD JOINTS NUR = NUMBER OF LOAMED HEMPEAS (OTHER THAN DEAD Loar? NSTEPL = NUMBER OF LOAD STEPS IN FIFST CYCLE NSTEF2 = NUMBER OF Loan STEPS IN OTHER CYCLES LIMIT © CYCLE LIMIT FOR NO CONVERGENCE AUUN = ACCEPTAELE LOAD UNBALANCE ISTIF = SAVE STIFFNESS INDICATOR ISTIF%0 FINAL STIFFNESS WILL NOT FE SAVED ASTIFENN FINAL STIFFNESS WILL FE SAVED IN FORNN.DAT READCINGSO20) NJeNHtyNSUF ANC ML J/NLM/NSTEPL /NSTER2/LIMITs 1 AuUNs TSTIF URITECLOUT #5030) NJ/NMsNSUP)NC ONLINE COMFUTE PROGRAM ARRAY SIZES mis2enseh oehi tenn HS=HHHH Naenstnn Hoan NesHs tH i H9sM34NEO 19 NSFJorn F. FLEMING Mu r=H10#NsUPS. M12=4114NSUPS. NNg=oaNe MES=nt24NNS, HLaeHLS4NH MIsenLAtNH, MLG=HISHNE HIZ=NL HN Hiaeni74NH Huz=ntoenn HRO=nigsNn H21=H204NH H22=H214NEQ HOS2n22¢NEO nQaan23¢ned H2Sen2aenns B3S=H25+NEO IFCH26.LT.MEMORY) GO TO 20 WRITEC TOUT. 5040) Go To 30 20 MLEFT=HEMORY-M26+1 NBANDSHLEFT/NEG ANALYZE STRUCTURE GALL ANALYZ(CORECL) F ECORECHI) + CORE(H2) +COFE(H3 CORE HG CORECHS) + CORE(HS) #CORE CM?) »CORE (HB) + IEORECRO? » TCORE (H10) «CORE (M11) eCORE (MLZ) ¢CORE CMI) «CORE MLA» ESREINIS) + CORECMTS) +CORE (M179 CORECAES) *CORECHI9) + CORE(H20) + CORE (HEI) «CORE(H22) «CORE(M23) + CORECH24) + CORE HDS} +CORE HOS) RETURN TO START FOR NEW STRUCTURE 60 10 10 EXIT PROGRAM 30 uRITE:1OUT, 30507 CALL EXIT © FORMAT STATEMENTS c ‘5000 FORMAT(Z084) 5010 FORMAT(1X+ 201 5020 FORRATCPIVF +1) 5030 FORMATCIxs “NUMBER OF JOINTS ="sT4s 17 vXe NUMBER OF MEMBERS =" + T4y 7/1X0NUNBER OF SUPPORTS =" 1 T4y 77Axs NUMBER OF CABLES =" 114+ 7/AXe NUMBER OF LOANED JOINTS #7 +T4y T/AXe "NUMBER OF LOADED HEHBERS =" +14) $040 FORMAT(//1X» "TOO MANY JOINTS AND MEMBERS’ /+ 1 3X» "EXECUTION TERMINATED! > S050 FORMATCINI) END wy SUBROUTINE TO PERFORM ANALYSIS SUBROUTINE ANALYZ(XJ+ JN AREA’ ZI +E +ECrUMC+CI To JSUP) JROROPsTs 1 ALPHA, BETArS1/92+53+S4)S5/USTEF + OTSFL/HUNEL PHL? 2 GRR {COMMON TETLEC2O) =H MM NE NSUF ML Jo MLM: ISTP SMED-NMesHLEFTs NBAND) IN, TOUT+NSTEPI PNSTEP2 cL EMT sAUUN s MEMORY *pemensron DUMRYC20) DIMENSION XJCNJ+ 2) JNCNMy2) » BREACH) »ZE(4 3) ECNMD +ECCNCD EETENSION UUCCAC) + J(NEQ? +JSUP(NSUF) » ORCNQUPS 3) >RCWSUP®3D DIMENSION PCNM6) ¢T(NH) FALPHACNMD » BETA WH) »S1 (MM) rS2CNM) #S5CHMD DIMENSION S4 (HH) /S5(NM) +X (NEG) NEAND) FUSTEF (NED + DISPL (NED) DIMENSTON UML (NEG) “UUNEL (NEG) +CITCNCD SPRL CNMS) DIMENSION NXMCS,6)6xRC21> READ JOINT COORDINATES READCIN«S000) DUMAY URTTe(toUT?S0109 DUMMY DO 10 T=teny READ(INGSO20) KeXJON+ 1) +XJCK9D 10 URITECTOUTs S030) Kr CJR 1) 2XIEKe DD READ MEMBER INCIDENCES AND SECTION GATA READCIN.S000 DUMHY URITECLOUT» 3010) DURAY D020 I=1-WH READCIN 5040) Ke JM(KeL) + INCK¢2) eAREACKD oZECND FECK? TECRREAIN? .£0.0.) AREACRD =A RERUN) Teinste mc) z21%0. IF(ZH(K) -E0.0.9 ZECKd=7ZT z2rezttKdc © Nonlinear static analysis of cable-stayed bridge structures, TECECR) £0.06) ECKIMEE Ee2E(KD 20 URITECTOUT+SOSO) Ky JM(Ky 1) + JM(N92) sAREACK) #2 UK) 9E CK) READ SUPFOKT RESTRAINTS READ(IN®5000) DUMMY WRITE(IOUT,5010> DUMMY 1-30 T=1,nSur READ(IN+5060 JSUPCT) + JRCL91) + JRCLP2) JRC) BO WRITECLOUT? 5070) JSUPCE) eJR(L61) rJRCL¢2) eJRCLYS? READ CABLE DATA READ(IN+5000) DUNHY WRITE TOUT +5010) DURMY DO 40 Tet 9NC READCING5O20) KsCIT(K) /UUC EK? IF(CITCK) .€0-0,) CIT(K)=o1T crrscrrex) TECUUCER) -E0.0.9 UMCIR)#UCe ucceuuceK) ECIKDSECKD 40 URITECTOUT®S080) NeCITEN? -UUCCR? COMPUTE INITIAL MEMBER CATA MEMBER GEOMETRY 20 40 TateHn breumctea) Uaagmcts2) MLEKJL2, DLE) Yeaxdeeaea7 x12) TCD SSGRTC OL ERS HOME) ALPHACTD@xL/TC1) BETACT)2¥L/T(L) INITIALIZE MEAGER STABILITY FUNCTIONS Surber. saD=t. S3cDer, Sabet, Ss(Det. INITIALIZE MEMZER FORCE mATRIX 0 50 Jetes EO PCS3I~(4-3))=0. 40 CONTINUE 10 70 Jetenc Fegrs-g)e-cITey) 70 Peaed-adacIT(J) COMPUTE INITIAL CABLE EGUZUALENT MOcULUS wRITECTOUT»5090) 20 90 Ta1.nc ECEDSECETI/( 1. 4 CCCCUUCEE )ATCL) RALPHACL) 442) €AFEACTBECETDI/ 1 ciz.sccrrceesy)9) 20 WRITECTOUT+5080) TrECT) REAt MEMBER DEAD WEIGHTS (EXCEPT CABLES) 10 90 Tetenns 90 FMT #0. 1O 100 Te16Neo 100 UML(T)=0, READ(IN’SOCO> DUMMY URITECTOUT. 5010) DUMMY 10110 -K=1sKe woLeuucen) 60 10 120 110 CONTINUE ROPL=NCHL 20 150 T=ncri enn READCIN, S100) KeDL, TFCWDL.EQ.0.) UDL=uunL wuDeauoL. URITECTOUT S110) KeMOL 120 UY=-HOLEALFHACRD Uxe-UOLABE TACK) IF(K.GT.NC? GO TO 130 Xnnsde G0 To 140 130 XHMAUYE CTO) 842/12 189 ProuveTos2+ PRaUXAT EN) /2, COMPUTE EQUIVALENT JOINT LOADS CisUmCKeL) 7 L2=ymeR 2) ML C3AU 1-2) 2WML (BAL 1-2) -FYABETACN #PXEALPHACKD WRLC SHUI UML C3#LI~1) #F EAL PHACKD #PXABETACR) Wee C3eC2D=URL HLL Hoan WSCC 3aL 2-2) AML (SAL2-2) -FYABETACKD FEXYALEHACK? UnL CSeC2=1) UML CSR 2-1) FO YRALEHACA) #PXERETARD UHL C3202) UNL C34L2) -xRJOHN F. FLEMING © MODIFY MEMBER FoRCES TF(K,LEVNC) G0 TO 110 PLC SSK=5)=PHL (428-5) FX PHL CSan-a)eOML fetneae ore PHU (oan-3) FALE SEN-3)-2¥ PHL CS3K~29aPHLCSEK-2)-FY EMUCGSK~1)=PML (SaK—1) KAM PHECSaR) PHL CG#K) HHH 150 CONTINUE c © Reap yoINT Loans c bo 140 I=1,NEQ 140 HeI)S0. IF(NLJ.E0.0) GO TO 189 READCIN»5000) Dummy UrITeCTouT®S010) CUNMY BO 170 T=t+NLs READ(IN®S120) KyUXeuy UZ Uegan=Di aus Sane2) tux wC3aKe 1 euC3aN-1)4uY WC3ax9 USER) $uz 179 WRITE TOUT+5130) Keuxsuyeuz c © READ MEMBES LOALS (OTHER THAN NEMEES DEAD UETGHT? 180 IFCNLM.EQ-0) GO TO 220 READCIN«5900) CUMHY . URS TeCtoUTeso10) cumay 20 219 TetsNin REANCIN+S140) _KeWSx+UEXoUSY EY URITECTOUTrS1S0) Reuse WER UST rUEY wUNIFaWEY UTRIG=uSy-weY TEeK.GT.NC) GO TO 190 275 XHS=0. 276 XME=0 27 PYS@UUNEFAT OK) /2. 4UTRIGRTORI/3. Ha PYESUUNTFATOR) /3,6UTRIGATIN) 8 29 G0 To 200 220190 XNS*MUNTFACT(X) 2821/12. 4UTRIGH(T(K) #32) /20. 251 XME #MUNIF (TCX) 443) /12. 4UTRIGH(T(RD #429730 Deo PYS*WUNIFAT(K)/2 47 SUTRIGET(K)/20, 283 PYE*MUNIFET(N}/2. 43 .AUTRIGET(K)/20- 284 200 PXSSMEX#T(K)/20 4 (UBX-WEXDET(ND/Se 285 PXE*MEXAT(K)/2. + (USX-WEXD8T(ND/6. 285 C COMFUTE EQUIVALENT JOINT Loans 36? CIsUMCKed) 288 Lae uMcKs 2) 229 Um (IAL 1-2) aun ¢3aL 1-2) -PYSHBETACK) SPxSEALEWAIND 30 UHL C3EC1-1) GHC CSAC I=1)9P YSEALPRACKD #PXSEBETACRD Den UML (BALD =UMLCSELLD #xKS. 392 UML (3aC3~29 UML (SEL 2-2) -PYERHE TACK? $PXESALEHACK? 393 WHE C3aC3-1) MH (SAL 3-1) FPYERALPHACK) #PXEBRETACRD 298 rte (3a 29 =UML C38 29-xHE, 295 ¢ MODIFY menBez FORCES 398 PRL (G8K-5) FHL (38K -59-PXS 7 FRC (G8N-4) PHL (SAK ~ 4) -PXE 298 PHL(63K-3) PHL (68K-3)-PYS 299 PAU CG8K-2)-PHLCe8K=2) FYE 300 PRL CS8K—1) 2PAL(68K-2) HS BOL 210 PHL SaND=PML (aK #xHE: 302 ¢ 303 CHECK PROGRAM SIZE LIMITS 30a € 305 220 MaxR=0 308 DO 230 T#1+NH 307 JRIABS (184 £9 2)-JMCT HL) 308 ckesetet 309 TFCK.GT.MAXB) MAXE=K 310230 CONTINUE B1 URTTECIOUT+5140) MEMORY >MLEFT NEO NEAND, HAXe 312 IF (HAXB.LE-NEANG) GO TO 240 a3 uarre«1out+5170) ua RETURN Bis 240 uRE TEC TOUT» $1809 Bis oc 317 C COMPUTE UNFAL@NCED Loans FOR FIRST CYCLE ie c uy 0 250 Tx1-NEo 320-250 MUNALER-UCT FUMED 321 0 260 Tat+NC 322 Lisuncren 333 U2euacrs2) 324 MUNBL (34L 1-2) -UUNEL (34Lt-294CIT CTD AALPHACED 335, UNL (3eC1-1) -NUNBLCTaLI-DD4CET CT aRETACT 335 VUNBL (34L 2-2) sWUNBL (3¥L2-2)-CI TCD RELFHACTD 327 260 MUNBL(38U2-1)*UUNEL(34L2-1)-CIT CE aRETACT 328 Cc 339°C start STEFUISE CALCULATIONS 330 31 reve: 332 10 270 t=1+NEONonlinear static analysis of cable-stayed bridge st setures 270 DISPL(ID=0. WRITE(IoUT; S190) TITLE WRITECIOUT+ 5200) NSTEFL»NSTEP2+AULN IFCLCYC.EQ1) NSTEP=NSTEPE 280 IFCICYC.GE.2) NSTEPENSTEP2 XSTEP=NSTEP, DO S00 ISTEP=1,NSTEP 1O_290 T=1+NEQ 290 WSTEPCT)=UUNBL (TD /XxSTEP GENERATE STRUCTURE STIFFNESS MATRIX ‘STORE UPFER HALF BAND ONLY DO 300 T#1+NEO DO 300 Jat sMAxE 300 XK(TsJ)=0- FORM POINTER TO STORE MEMBER STIFFNESS MATRIX AS A COLUMN Keo BO 310 Jete8 DO 310 Teted Keke NxMCTe 00K 310 NXMCJe DD=K, SUM MEMBER STIFENESS MATRICES TO FORM UNRESTRAINED GLOBAL STRUCTURE STIFFNESS MATRIX DO 360 Tetenn AEQL=AREACT)EE(LD/TC1) ELOU=ECTyaZ1(D)/TC2) EOL2=E10L/T(1> ETOL3*E10L2/7(7> ADRALPHACT) aa B2sBETACID 822 AB-ALPHACTDSBETACID XMCL) =AZSAEOL #SS(1) 482412, xE10L3451 (1) XN(2) =ABEAEOL3S5(1)-ABaL2. ¥ETOLI4SI CT XNC4)=-RETACT DAS .AETCL2a52¢1) XC? )=-ADSAEOL #SS(1)-B2412, 8ETOL34S1 C1) XNCL1ys-ABEAEOLESS(1) +E 412. 4ETOL IASI (T XNC 16) 2-BETACI) 85. #E1GCz#S2¢F AACS) *B2eAEOL ASST) HATE 2 FE TOLIESI CT) XACS)=ALPHACTI a6. #E10L2452¢1) X(B)=-ABSAEOLESS(1) +8412, 8ETOL3451 (1 XMC12)=-B2eAEGLASS (TI are 2 aE TOUSESL TD XMCL7)SALFHACT) AS #ETOL24S20) XAC4)84.4€70L#53(1) XNC9D=RETACTS #8 HETOL2ES2() XMC13)=-ALFHACT) 46, 3€10L 245211) Xm(18)*2.8ET0La5ac1) XH(10)aA3SAEOL #SE(T) #22422. ¥ETOLSESI CT XNC14)=ABSAEOLASS(T)~ABHL2-¥ETOLI¥SI CT) XMC19)=RETACTD #6. 8€ 1002485201) XHCIS)=ROSAEOLESSCLIGAIE1SAETOL SASL CTD XH(20)=-ALFHACT)96 .8ETOL2«S2T) AnC2idwasseTOcasstT) Lteumcriay L2mymcT 12) DO 320 Tie1+3 PO 320 JJ=1,3 KRoW=38L1-¢3-11) KCOL@3#L1-¢3-J.)-KROWs IFCKCOL-LE.0) GO TO 320 TXWNXNCETS JJ) XR CKROW KCOL)=XK (KROsKCOL) He XH) 320 CONTINUE BO'330 T1=1+3 DO 330 Ju=416 KROWS3aL1-¢3-11) KCOL=3aL2-(4-JJ)-KROuS? IFCKCOL-LE-0) GO TO 330 IxHewH TTS J) XK ORROW yKCOL #XK (KROW/KCOLD4XH (TH) 330 CONTINUE DO 340 Tra, BO 340 JJe1s3 KROUS34L2-¢ 6-11) KCOL*34C1-(3-J2)-KROUEL IF CKCOL.LE-0) G0 TO 340 DOfeNXNCTT JJ) XN CKROW RCOL)#XK CKROW/KCOL) 4X (TRH) 340 CONTINUE: DO 350 T1=4+6 DO 350 J=406 KROW=38L2-(4-11) KCOL*3#L2-(4-JJ)-KROUFL IFCKCOL.LE.0) GO TO 350 DonenxMeT1s Jd XN CKROUyKCOL)=XK (KROW/KCOL) 4H CTXH) 359 CONTINUE 340 Continue C INTRODUCE SUFFORT RESTRAINTS € PO 390 I=1+NSUFJoun F. Fueminc DQ 390 K=1+3 IFCR(TyR) -£0-0) GO TO 360 L138 J5UP(1)-(3-K) NRT PO 370 Jez HAxe XKCIT» 520, RENR-1 IF(NR.LE-0? GO TO 370 XKCNR?J)=0~ 370 CONTINUE XKUT Dat, USTEPCTTD=0, 380 CONTINUE 390 CONTINUE SOLVE FOR DISPLACEMENT INCREMENTS IN Loan STEF CALL SOLVE (XN /USTEP NEG NBAND MAKE? 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