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  • A Program That Reads A Program Written in One Language and Translates It Into An Equivalent Program in Another Language

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    A compiler is a program that translates programs written in one language into an equivalent program in another language. It has two main phases: analysis and synthesis. Analysis breaks down the source program into pieces and creates an intermediate representation. Synthesis constructs the target program from the intermediate representation. The analysis phase includes lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis to validate the source program. An intermediate code is then generated before code optimization and final code generation produce the target program.

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    A compiler is a program that translates programs written in one language into an equivalent program in another language. It has two main phases: analysis and synthesis. Analysis breaks down the source program into pieces and creates an intermediate representation. Synthesis constructs the target program from the intermediate representation. The analysis phase includes lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis to validate the source program. An intermediate code is then generated before code optimization and final code generation produce the target program.

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    16 views17 pages

    A Program That Reads A Program Written in One Language and Translates It Into An Equivalent Program in Another Language

    Uploaded by

    yifru hail
    A compiler is a program that translates programs written in one language into an equivalent program in another language. It has two main phases: analysis and synthesis. Analysis breaks down the source program into pieces and creates an intermediate representation. Synthesis constructs the target program from the intermediate representation. The analysis phase includes lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis to validate the source program. An intermediate code is then generated before code optimization and final code generation produce the target program.

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    of 17

    WHAT IS COMPILER

    a program that reads a program written in one language


    and translates it into an equivalent program in another
    language.

    1
    LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM

    2
    PHASES OF A COMPILER
    The two important parts in compilation are:
    ⚫ Analysis (Machine Independent/Language Dependent)
    ⚫ Synthesis (Machine Dependent/Language
    independent)

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    4
    ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
    Analysis:
    ⚫ breaks up the source program into pieces
    ⚫ creates an intermediate representation
    Synthesis:
    ⚫ constructs the desired (target) program from the
    intermediate representation.

    5
    ANALYSIS OF THE SOURCE PROGRAM
    1. Lexical / Linear Analysis (scanning)
    ⚫ Scans the source code
    ⚫ Represents lexemes in the form of tokens as:
    <token-name, attribute-value>
    ⚫ Token smallest meaningful element that a compiler
    understands.
    ⚫ Example:
    Identifiers, Keywords, Literals, Operators and Special
    symbols.

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    2. Syntax / Hierarchical Analysis – Parsing
    Tokens are grouped hierarchically
    The result is generally a parse tree.
    Expressions, statements, declarations etc... are identified
    by using the results of lexical analysis.
    Most syntactic errors in the source program are caught in
    this phase.

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    3. Semantic Analysis
    Checks for semantic errors in the source program
    (e.g. type mismatch)
    Stores type information in the symbol table or the
    syntax tree.
    Types of variables, function parameters, array
    dimensions, etc.

    10
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    INTERMEDIATE CODE GENERATION
    While generating machine code directly from
    source code is possible, it entails two problems:
    ⚫ With m languages and n target machines, we

    need to write m × n compilers.


     The code optimizer cannot be reused.
    A machine-independent code optimizer may be
    written.

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    13
    CODE OPTIMIZATION
    Changes the IC by removing such inefficiencies
    Improvement in time, space, or power
    consumption.
    It changes the structure of programs

    14
    15
    CODE GENERATION
    Converts IC to machine code.
    Must handle all aspects of machine
    architecture
    Storage allocation decisions are made
    here
     Register allocation and assignment are
    the most important problems.

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