Problem 33

Algebra
Let n be a positive integer, and let x and y be positive real numbers such that 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑦 𝑛 = 1 . Prove
that:
𝑛 𝑛
1 + 𝑥 2𝑘 1 + 𝑦 2𝑘 1
(∑ ) (∑ ) <
1 + 𝑥 4𝑘 1 + 𝑦 4𝑘 (1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑦)
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
(Estonia)

Combinatorics
Let n > 1 be an integer. Find all sequences a1 , a2 , . . . , an2 +n satisfying the following conditions:

(a) ai ∈ {0, 1} for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n2 + n;

(b) ai+1 + ai+2 + . . . + ai+n < ai+n+1 + ai+n+2 + . . . + ai+2n for all 0 ≤ i ≤ n2 − n

(Serbia)

Geometry
The diagonals of a trapezoid ABCD intersect at point P. Point Q lies between the parallel lines BC
and AD such that ∠AQD = ∠CQB, and line CD separates points P and Q. Prove that ∠BQP = ∠DAQ.

(Ukraine)

Number Theory
For a prime p and a positive integer n, denote by 𝑣𝑝 (𝑛) the exponent of p in the prime factorization
of n!. Given a positive integer d and a finite set {𝑝1 , . . . , 𝑝𝑘 } of primes. Show that there are infinitely
many positive integers n such that 𝑑 | 𝑣𝑝𝑖 (𝑛) for all 1 ≤ i ≤ k. (India)

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