Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DAVIDSON
LABORATO,f 7) C
Report SIT-DL-71-'1463
April 1971
by
P. Ward Brown
Roptoducod by Jr
NATIONAL TECHNICAL 0"
INFORMATION
So .. ifiold, Va
SERVICE
22151$
DAVIDSON LABORATORY
Stevens Institute of Technology
Castle Point Station
Hoboken, New Jersey 07030
Report SIT-DL-71-1463
April 1971
by
P. Ward Brown
This document has been approved for public release and sale; Its distribution
is unlimited. Application for copies may be made to the Defen ? Documentation
Center, Cameron Station, 50i0 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314. Re-
production of the document In whole or In part is permitted for any purpose of
the United States Government.
Approved
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . ..........
FIGURES (1-18)
R-1463
FOREWORD
Since the program is thus oriented, and because not everyone will
want to wade through details to get at the final results, the more import.-
ant of these results are summarized in this foreword. Chiefly, they consist
of expressions for the lift, drag, pitching moment, and flap hinge moment
of a prismatic surface equipped with transom flaps either full-span or
part-span, inboard or outboard -- as shown in the following sketch.
VIEW ON A
iHi
R- 1463
The angles are given in degrees, lengths in units of beam and a is the
flap span; for full span flaps a = I
LIFT
2l
CLb = .785sin2 cosT [(l-slnP)%/(l+M + .424%si2 coso + .4secl(X/CV)
+ CL FLA
P
A CL FLA P .OW %F a 6
DRAG
MOMENT
2]
+ .21 sin2Tcosl + .133secT(X/CV) + ACCMFLA P
AM = 0.6 L
ACMFLAP
LFLAP
To provide for the occasion when paper and pencil estimates are
needed, the lift and moment equations have been rewritten in terms of tabu-
lated functions of trim and deadrise:
iv
R-1463
2
CA = (F]/(l+x) + F2)XCV2 + F3% + .023XF 6 CV 2
2 )/(o+x)+G 3x] XC
CM = [G1 (x-G
2 + F3X3 /3 + .014&F C2
2
CR = CA tanT + CfX CV2/ cosT cosp + .000la F a6(+6) CV2
CR = CT cos(T+O)
1 22 1 22
CL A/='p Vb CD= R/ P V b C =M /tPV231
b3 CH = H/fP V 23
b3
Lb 2 b Mb 2bi
2 CA/Cv2 = 2 CR/CV 2 = 2 C/CV2 = 2 CH/CV 2
v
R-1463
FUNCTION**F!
TRIM 0 5 DEAERI SE
10 15 20 25
1 0,0137 0.0125 30
0.0113 0.0102 0.0090 0.0079 0,0069
2 0.0274 0.0250 0.0226 0.0203 0.0180 0.0158 0.0137
3 0.0410 0.0374 0-0339 0.0304 0.0270 0.0237
4 0.0545 0.0498 0.0451 0.0205
5 0.0679 0.0404 0.0359 0-0315 0.0273
0-0620 0,0561 0,0503 0,0447 0.0392
6 0.0812 0,074j 0.0340
0.0671 0,0602 0,0534 0.0469
7 0.0943 0.0861 0.0779 0,0699 0,0620 0.0544 0,0406
8 01072 0.0978 0.0886 0.0794 0.0705 0.0619 0.0471
9 0.1199 0.1094 0.0990 0.0888 0.0789 0-0692 0.0536
t0 0*1323 0.1207 0,1093 0.0980 0*0870 0*0764 0,0599
11 0.1444 0.1318 0.0661
0.1193 01070 0*0950 0,0834
12 0.1562 0-1426 0-1291 0,0722
0.1158 0,1028 0-0902 0.0781
13 0.1677 0,1531 0.1386 091243 0.1104 0.0968
14 0.1789 G.1633 0.0839
0.1478 0.1326 0.1177 0,1033
0,0894
15 0-1897 0,1731 0-1567 0.1406 0.1248 0-1095
0.0948
FUNCTIONr*F2
TRIM 0 DEADR I SF
5 10 Is 20
1 0.0002 0-0002 0-0002 0.0002 25 30
2 0.0002 0-0002 0.0002
0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008
3 0-0018 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007
0.0018 0,0018 0.0018 0,0017 0-0016 0-0016
4 0-0032 0.0032 0-0032 0.0031
5 0-0050 0.0030 0,0029 0.0028
0.0050 0-0049 00048 0.0047 0-0045 0,0043
6 0.0072 0.0071 0-0071 090069
7 0.0097 0,0067 0,0065 0*0062
0.0096 0-0095 0.0094 0-0091
6 0.0125 0-0125 0.0123 0.0121 0-0088 0.0084
9 0-0157 0.0118 0.0114 0,0109
0.0157 0.0155 0.0152 0.0148 0.0142 0.0136
10 0,0192 0,0191 0-0189 0,0185
11 0.0180 0.0174 0-0166
0.0230 0.0229 0*0226 0.0222
12 0.0270 0.0216 0.0208 0.0199
0.0269 0.0266 0.0261 0.0253 0,0244 0.0234
13 0.0312 0.0311 0.0307 0-0301
14 0.0356 0,0293 0,0283 0,0270
0.0355 0.0351 0.03.44 0.0335 0-0323 0.0309
15 0.0402 0.0401 0,0396 0.0389 0.0378 0-0365 0.0349
FUNCTI0N**F3
ALL DEADRISF
TRIM
1 0-0054
2 0.0109
3 0.0163
4 0.0217
5 0.0271
6 0,0324
7 0.0377
8 0.0430
9 0.0482
10 0.0534
11 0.0584
12 0.0635
13 0.0684
14 0,0732
15 0.0780
vi
R-1463
FUNCT ION**GI
DEADRISE
TRIM 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1 0.0120 0.0109 0.0099 0.0089 0,0079 0.0069 0.0060
2 0.0240 0.0219 0.0198 0.0178 0.0158 0.0138 0.0120
3 0.0359 0.0328 0.0297 0.0266 0.0236 0.0207 0.0180
4 0.0478 0.0437 0.0395 0.0354 0.0315 0.0276 0.0239
5 0.0597 0.0545 0.0493 0.0442 0.0393 0.0345 0.0298
6 0.0714 0.0652 0.0590 0.0530 0.0470 0.0412 0.0257
7 0.0831 0.0759 0.0687 0.0616 0.0547 0.0480 0.0416
8 0.0947 0.0865 0.0783 0.0702 0.0623 0.0547 0.0474
9 0.1062 0.0969 0.0877 0.0787 0.0699 0.0613 0.0531
10 0.1175 0.1073 0.0971 0,0871 0.0773 0.0679 0.0588
11 0.1287 0.1175 0.1064 0.0954 0.0847 0.0743 0.0644
12 0.1398 0.1276 0.1155 0.1036 0.0920 0.0807 0.0699
13 G-1506 0.1375 0.1245 0.1116 0.0991 0.0870 0,0753
14 0.1613 0.1473 0.1333 0.1196 0.1061 0.0931 0.0807
15 0.1718 0.1568 0.1420 0.1273 0.1130 0.0992 0.0859
FUNCTION**G2
DEADRISE
TRIM 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1 0.0000 0.4582 0.9235 1.4034 1.9063 2.4423 3.0238
2 0.0000 0.2290 0.4616 0.7015 0.9528 1.2208 1.5115
3 0.0000 0.1526 0.3076 0.4674 0.6349 0.8134 1.0071
4 0.0000 0.1144 0.2305 0.3503 0.4758 0.6096 0.7548
5 0.0000 0.0914 0.1843 0.2800 0.3803 0.4873 0.6033
6 0.*,iA0 0.0761 0.1534 0.2331 0.3166 0.4056 0.5022
7 -,>( . n 0.0651 0.1313 0.1995 0.2710 0.3472 0.4299
8 0.0000 0.0569 0.1147 0.1743 0.2368 0.3033 0.3756
9 0.0000 0.0505 0.1018 0.1547 OO2101 0-2692 0.3332
10 0.0000 0.0454 0.0914 0.1389 0.1887 0.2418 0.2993
11 0.0000 0.0411 0.0829 0.1260 0.1712 0-2193 0.2715
12 0.0000 0-0376 0-0758 0.1152 0.1565 0.2006 0.2483
13 090000 0.0346 0.0698 0.1061 0.1441 0.1847 0.2286
14 0.0000 0-0321 0.0647 0.0982 0-1335 0.1710 0-2117
15 0.0000 0.0298 0.0602 0.0914 0.1242 0.1591 0.1970
FUNCTION**G3
DEADRISE
TRIM 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
2 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0-0004
3 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008
4 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0,0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014
5 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0024 0.0024 0.0023 0.0022
6 0.0036 0.0036 0.0035 0.0035 0.0034 0-0033 0.0031
7 0.004,9 0.0049 0-0048 0.0047 0.0046 0.0044 0.0042
8 0.0063 0.0063 0.0062 0.0061 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055
9 0.0080 0.0079 0.0078 0.0077 0.0075 0.0072 0.0069
10 0.0097 0.0097 0.0096 0.0094 0.0092 0.0088 0.0084
11 0.0117 0.0116 0.0115 0.0113 0.0110 0.0106 0.0101
12 0.0138 0.0137 0.0136 0.0133 0-0130 0.0125 0,0119
13 0.0160 0.0160 0.0158 0.0155 0.0150 0.0145 0.0139
14 0.0184 0.0183 0.0181 0.0177 0.0173 0.0166 0.0159
15 0.0208 0.0208 0.0205 0.0201 0.0196 0.0189 0.0180
vii
R-1463
INTRODUCTION
Since the effect of the flaps was expected to take the form of an
increase in the hydrodynamic forces and moments, both a flapped and
unflapped surface were tested so as to have consistent sets of data. The
basic planing surface was a 100 deadrise surface having a 9 inch beam. Full-
span and half-span flaps were mounted on this surface through a balance
designed to measure the flap hinge moment. The tests were carried out over
the following ranges: speed coefficient I to 72 trim 20 to 100. mean wetted
length 0.5 to 4 beams, and flap deflection 00 to 150. The measured quanti-
ties included lift, drag, pitching moment, wetted area and flap hinge moment
and are presented in tables. The results are summarized by formt.ae "hich
have been fitted to all the data.
All the data were taken In the planing condition where the water
breaks cleanly away from the chine. The effect of side wetting which o,.curs
at very low speed, particularly at high trim and long wetted length, will
be discussed in a later report.
R-1463
NOMENCLATURE
where
b beam of planing surface, ft
2
R- 1463
Also
CLb lift coefficient, A/1 P V b 2 C /C
V2
1,/~ 2 C 2C
CD drag coefficient, R/ p 2 2
Vb 2 CR/CV
b moment coefficient, 4p V2 b3 = 2
CM F ) (C COST +
~% C s inT)
Re Reynolds Number, ). V b3/V
0 deadrise angle, angle of a line Joining the
lowest point of the chine (including keel to the
a spray strip if
fitted) measured in the transverse plane,
deg
flap deflection angle, measured
in a longitudinal plane
normal to the bottom surface, deg
T trim angle, angle between the keel and
the horizontal, deg
p mass density of water, slugs per cu.ft.
3
R-1463
The mean wetted length is equal to the average of the chine and keel
lengths plus an allowance for the stagnation line curvature and for the flaps
if fitted. Analyzing the results of wetted area measurements with a I ft
beam transparent model the author has shown3 that:
X = 0.5(% + + 0.03 Xce
From an analysis of all the available data it is concluded In the same study 3
that the relationship between the keel and chine wetted lengths is given
by
MODELS
The transom flaps were made of aluminum blocks with the lower
surface machined to the required flap angle to ensure its being accurately
maintained. The port flap was rigidly attached to the planing surface while
the starboard flap was attached to the surface through a hinge moment
balance. The following flaps were made:
The half span flaps were made interchangeable so that they could be tested
in either the inboard or outboard condition. The inboard flaps extended
a quarter of a beam either side of the keel, while outboard flaps extended
from the quarter beam buttock line to the chine on both the port and star-
board side. A photograph of some of the flaps and the hinge moment balance
appears at the bottom of Fig 1.
APPARATUS
pitching moment of 100 Ib 50 lb and 50 ft-lb. The lift and moment range
can be extended by deadweighting. The moment element of the balance has
a focus 12 inches below the bottom of the balance and this location is
used as the trim axis. The deflections of the balance under load are
sensed by transducers. The transducers are linear differential trans-
formers with self-contained solid state electronics, of a type known as
DC/DC, and are highly stable. The outputs of the transducers are fed to
integrating digital voltmeters having a precision of 0.01%. Flexure-
supported lift and drag calibrating arms are permanently fixed to the
balance and a beam is attached to the balance for moment calibration.
The balance is shown at the top of Fig 2.
The tests were run In the Davidson Laboratory No. 3 Tank at con-
stand speed with the model at zero roll and yaw and restrained in heave
and pitch.
6
R-1463
was held constant at discreta levels during changes In speed and trim.
A subsidiary investigation, which will be reported separately, showed the
forces to be the same using either the restrained technique or the prev-
iously used free-to-heave technique. Since the planing forces and moments
vary as the square of the speed these tests were made at discrete values
of speed squared.
The model was attached to the balance by a trim adjuster, the trim
(and moment) axis being 2.61 beams ahead of the step and .88 beams above
the keel. The fore and aft location was chosen to minimize the pitching
moment on the balance.
For each run the modal was set at the required trim, with allowance
for the estimated moment deflection, and the zeros in air were recorded.
The height of the model and balance assembly was then adjusted by means of
jack screws to give an immersion which would result in the required mean
wetted length. The model was run at the required speed, which was measured
by a timer over a 50 foot length of tank. The integrating voltmeters,
lights and camera were all triggered automatically and the resulting read-
ings were recorded. The model Is shown setup for test in Fig 3.
CV = 1,5,10,20,30,40,50
T = 2,4,6,8,10 degrees
= 0.5),1.5,23,4
7
R-1463
C 2
v = 10,20,30,40,50
= 4,6,8 degrees
= 2,4
6 = 1,2,4,10.,15 degrees
RESULTS
The results of the tests of the basic planing surface are presented
in Table 1 and the results obtained with flaps in Table 2. The data are
ordered by trim and wetted length and at each condition the results are
listed in order of speed. The tabulated quantities include the trim,
corrected for balance deflection; the mean, keel and chine wetted lengths;
the lift, drag and the total moment about the aftermost point of the keel
and the flap hinge moment. The lift, drag and pitching moment are plotted
on Figs 4 to 14.
The results have also been stored on perforated tape suitable for
computer input. Consequently any alternative listing or analysis of the
data may be readily produced.
PRECISION
From the repeat runs available and from a general knowledge of the
apparatus the precision of the data is estimated to be
C .002
R
CM t .02
CH + .00005
8
R-1463
ANALYSIS
Lift
C =C +C (1)
By definition the dynamic lift varies as the square of the speed and the
static lift is invariant with spaed, so that for given wetted length and
trim
We can find the static component by plotting the lift against the
square of the speed, as suggested by Eq (2), when the static lift may be
found as the intercept on the lift axis. The data obtained from the 100
deadrise surface at trims of 2 to 100 are presented in this form on
Figs 4 to 8 for mean wetted lengths of 0.5, l 2, 3 and 4. The ratio of
lift to trim, in the form CA /sin2T . is plotted to give a compact pre-
sentation.
9
R-1463
where XK and XC are the keel and chine wetted lengths and X is the mean
wetted length. Since the last factor Is close to unity we can assume that
As the planing surface starts to move, however, the water breaks clear of
the transom at speeds above C = 0.5 so that the pressure at this point
drops to atmospheric. Therefore it is not expected that the full amount
of static lift will be realized. From the intercepts on Figs 4 to 8 it is
found that the data are well fitted by
where the trim and deadrise are in radians. Shuford 2 tentatively proposed
an expression approximately equal to half that given by Eq (3), based on
tests of models having a 1.0 inch beam, but found it inadequate for trims
less than 80.
10
R-1463
where again the angles are measured in radians. The existence of the third
term in this expression is superfluous and makes a very small contribution
at all practical conditions. The superfluous term arises from the way in
which the finite-deadrise lift coefficient is expressed by Korvin-Kroukovsky.
In view of the extensive use of this expression, its derivation is worthy
of comment. Korvin-Kroukovsky and his co-workers were aware of more
sophisticated lift formulations than that finally proposed. However they
were concerned to present their findings in a compact form suitable for
hand computation and achieved their aim by using a frankly empirical approach.
Basing their study primarily on the mass of flat-plate planing data avail-
able, they subsequently developed an empirical correction to account for
the effect of deadrise. This correction produced the superfluous third
term in the dynamic lift expression. As noted, this third term is of little
practical significance. What is significant is the development of high-
speed computers, which has largely obviated the need for compactness and
simplicity of expression.
CAD/CV2 785 sincos2 (l-sinP) X/(l+x) + .667% sin 2 cos 2 cosP (8)
Shuford's dynamic lift formulation ismade up of two terms. The firs- one
said to be linear term and derived from lifting-line theory, and the second
a cross-flow term dependent on the square of the trim. The analogue to
this cross-flow component in Korvin-Kroukovsky's expression is represented
by the factor T . It is possible to compare the leading terms of these
two expressions by noting that for 1< X < 4 , which is the range of
applicability of Eq (7):
Thus the linear terms in the two dynamic lift expressions, for small trim
and zero deadrise, are
11
R-11 463
The older expression has the larger coefficient presumably to remedy the
defect in the cross-flow term. However it is not surprising that Shuford
shows even this 50% increase In the linear term is insufficient to account
for all the lift at high trim and wetted length.
We now have to choose between two formulations for the total lift.
From Korvin-Kroukovsky and Savitsky we have:
where
CL = .012X 5 [I + .458(%/CV)1
and now the angles T and 0 are in degrees. On the other hand we can use
Shuford's expression, Eq (8), for the dynamic lift plus a static term given
by Eq (5) and obtain a Shuford and Brown formulation:
These two expressions are compared with the lift data obtained in the present
study on Figs 4 to 8. It is clear that the Shuford-Brown formula, Eq (10),
gives a better fit to the data.
Shuford has also demonstrated2 close agreement between his formula
for the dynamic lift and the high-speed data obtained by such investiga-
tors as Sottorf, Sambrausj Locke, Wadlin, Weinstein, Kapryan, Chambliss,
Farshing and Springston. This agreement covers a range of trim angles
from 20 to 300, wetted lengths from I to 7 beams and deadrise angles from
00 to 50° with provision for transverse curvature.
12
R-1463
Section Shape CD
Drag
Moment
13
R-1463
term and a static term. We assume that the static force acts at a point
one-third of the wetted le,,gth ahead of the step and that the cross-flow
force acts at the mid-point of the wetted length. With these approximate
assumptions we can find the center of pressure of the linear force from
the data.
If all the so-called linear lift were concentrated over the leading tri-
angular area (as low aspect-ratio theory requires) and if furthermore It
were uniform over this area, then the moment arm of the linear force would
be:
cPLIN =C + .333(%K - Y
=% - .16 7(XK - C)
cpLiN = A% - B tano/tanr
Analysis of the present data shows that A = .875 and B = 0.08. Shuford
found the same value for A , but omitted the second term probably because
he was concentrating on high trims and long wetted lengths where the effect
of the second term is small.
Knowing the moment arms of the three components of the lift, which
ib the vertical component of the normal force, we can write down the moment
from Eq (11):
14
R-1463
Flap Effects
The increase in the lift, drag and pitching moment with flap deflec-
tion is readily found by subtracting the force and moment for zero flap
deflection, Eqs (11), (12) and (14), from the measured force and moment.
In the case of the lift, for instance, an average lift coefficient incre-
ment is defined:
Lift
AC P = .046 % (15)
FLAP F
15
R-1463
Pitching Moment
AC0M .6 Ac (17)
Thus regardless of flap area or deflection. the added lift has a center of
pressure 0.6 beams ahead of the trailing edge of the flap.
Hinge Moment
The hinge moment per flap, that is the torque necessary to maintain
the flap deflection against the hydrodynamic pressure on the flap, is shown
on Fig 18 to be:
The shear loads were not measured, but the flap center of pressure is prob-
ably XF/ 3 aft of the flap hinge. If so, the shear load coefficient would
be .0096 %F a 6
Flap Location
16
R-1463
CONCLUDING REMARKS
This study concludes with the development of the formulae for the
planing characteristics of a surface equipped with transom flaps. The
formulae offer a number of opportunities for design studies of flap effect
on) for instance, lift-drag ratio and center of pressure position; but
these questions must be left for another occasion. At the same time it
should be noted that the formulae have been Incorporated in computer pro-
grams developed by the Davidson Laboratory for power boat performance
prediction, consequently the flap effect in any specific situation can be
easily demonstrated.
The differences between the old and new formulations are of the order
of 109 in the region germane to power boats, and this does not seem an
excessive discrepancy in view of other uncertainties associated with per-
formance prediction. Such topics as power plant performance and propeller
efficiency come to mind. On the other hand, the most accurate available
formula hcd to be used in the present study if the flap effects were to be
properly isolated. It is clear that Shuford's formula for dynamic lift
17
R-l463
plus the static lift term developed herein gives a better representation
of the new data. This consideration and the facts that Shuford's expres-
sion has a reasonable theoretical foundation and has been shown to agree
with data covering the widest range of conditions, persuaded us that a
change was timely.
Range of Application
Lift
+ CLFLA P
ACL = .46XF a 6
FLAP
For a plane surface, one with chine flare, and one with chine strips the
cross-flow factor respectively is CD = 1.33, 1.67 + .93 sinD, 1.33 + sinp
c
Drag
CDb CLb CfCSCDFLAP
18
R-1463
CMb 2 5rr
X.sIn2, r(87. - .O8tano/tan)l.Sf~/J~
HingqeMoment Pr
FIaR
C .0032 XF2 or6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
19
R- 1463
REFERENCES
6. SAVITSKY, DANIEL AND NEIDINGER, JOSEPH, W., "Wetted Area and Center of
Pressure of Planing Surfaces at Very Low Speed Coefficients,"
Davidson Laboratory Report 493, July 1954.
20
R- 1463
TABLE 1
UNFLAPPED DATA
"r K c v CCR C
C2 cCM
CR
TRIM = 2 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH 1.0 BEAMS
1.99 1.03 i.73 0.28 4.99 0.07 0.015 0.07
1.97 0.97 1.65 0.24
1.95 9.86 0.13 0.027 0.11
0.99 1.69 0*23 20.36
1.92 0.26 0.055 0.20
0.98 1.70 0.21 30.49
1.90 0.39 0.074 0.29
1.00 1.72 0.23 39.32
1.87 0.50 0.096 0.38
1.00 1.73 0.21 50.48 0,62 0.127 0.47
TIM = 2 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 2.0
BEAMS
1.98 2.02 2.79 1.20
1.97 5.01 0.13 0.033 0.17
2.01 2.77 1.20 9.94
1.95 0-21 0.052 0.29
1.95 2,71 1.13 20*29 0.37 0.088 0.51
1.95 2.07 2.86 1.23
1.92 20.09 0-38 0.092 0.54
2.04 2.83 1*20 30.08
1.92 0.54 0.134 0.77
1.94 2.73 1.10 30.17
1*90 1.97 0.53 0.128 0.72
2.80 1.08 40.16 0*68
1.88 1.99 2.82 0171 0.95
1.10 49.92 0.82 0.203 1.13
TRIM = DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 3.0 BEAMS
1.97 3.04 3.82 2.21
1.96 9.86 0.29 0.071 0.54
3.03 3.85 2.16 20.27
1.94 0.48 0.126 0.94
3.04 3.83 2.20 29.92
1.93 0.66 0.178 1.32
3.01 3.85 2.12 39.94
1.92 0.84 0,227 1.68
3.01 3.85 2.12 50.98 1.03 0-286 2*09
TRIM = 2 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 4.0 BEAMS
1.97 4.05 4.80 3.25
1.98 9.89 0.42 0*097 0.92
4.02 4.78 3.20 20.18
1.97 0.61 0.157 1.48
3.97 4.70 3.19 29.92
1.97 0.80 0*224 2.03
3.95 4.73 3.12 50.27 1.20 0.357 3.13
21
R- 1463
TABLE 1 continued
2
C V A R CM
TRIM = 4 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 0.5 BEAMS
4.00 0.48 0.82 0.09
4.00 0.85 0.02 0.007 0.03
0.49 0.82 0.11 1.07
3.98 0.02 0.009 0.03
0.53 0.88 0.12 5.09
3.95 0.11 0.023 0.07
0.51 0.85 0.11 10.10
3.91 0.21 0.031 0.13
0.51 0.86 0.11 20.00
3.87 0.49 0.42 0.049 0.22
0.83 0.10 30.74 0.60
3.87 0.49 0.83 0.066 0.28
0.39 31.67 0.61 0.060
3.82 0.50 0.85 0.09 0.27
42.89 0.80 0.091 0.35
3.78 0.52 0.88 0.10 53.58 1.00 0.139 0.48
TRIM = 4 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 1.5 BEAMS
3e99 1-47 1"86 1.03
3 0.45 0.04 0.016 0.04
152
199 1.90 1.09 0.80
3-94 1.54 0.06 0.018 0.05
3.89 1.48 1.89
1.83 1.13 10.14 0.38
1.08 20.09 0.69 0.057
0.100 0.43
3.83 0.76
1.49 1.85 1.08 31.77
3.78 1.06 0.146 1.18
1.46 1.83 1.04 43.09
3-78 1-39 0.201 1.54
1.47 1.84 1.04 43.09 1.38 0.203 1.52
3.73 1-50 1.87 1.08 53.97 1.69 0.266 1.93
TRIM = 4 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH 2.0 BEAMS
33.96
94 2.01
2.02 2.37
2.39 1.60
1.60 5.24 0.27
9.98 0.44. 0.036
0.068 0-37
0.63
3.94 2.02 2.38 1.60 11.16
3.90 0.48 0.067 0.68
1-99 2-35 1-58 19.65
3.90 0.79 0.119 1.14
1.98 2.32 1.58 20.00
3.85 0.80 0.119 1.17
2-00 2.35 1.59 31.60
3.85 1.18 0.188 1.72
2-00 2.35 1.59 31.95 1.21
3.84 0.186 1.76
1.96 2.33 1-54 32.67 1.23
4.00 2.13 0.186 1.77
2.46 1.74 40.09 1.58
3.81 2.03 0.254 2.54
2.40 1.60 43.37 1.57
3.96 2.08 0.262 2.35
2.40 1.71 49.82 1.91
3.76 2.01 0.312 3.03
2.40 1.57 53.97 1.90 0.329 2.84
3.77 2.06 2.45 1.61 53.97 1,92 0.332 2.93
TRIM = 4 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 3.0 BEAMS
3.95
3.93 3.03 3.37 2.64
3.02 3.37 2.62 9.98 0.62
20.05 0.093 1.21
1.04 0.164 2.12
3-91 3-00 3.34 2.60 29.92
3.89 1.46 0.237 3.04
3.01 3-34 2.60 40.19 1.87 0.310 3.96
3.87 3.03 3.40 2.61 50.27 2.29 0.379 4.92
TRIM = 4 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 4.0 BEAMS
3.97
3.98 3.99 4.33 3.60
3.99 4.33 3.60 9.92
19.96 0.85 0.120
1 .31 0.208 1.96
3.36
3*99 3.99 432 360 30.04 179 0297 474
4.00 4.00 4.34 3.60 39.94 2.30 0.389 6-22
4.00 3.98 4.31 3.60 50.24 2.78 0.483 7.62
22
R-1463
TABLE I continued
K C C2 C CR CM
23
R-1463
TABLE I continued
K C v C CR m
24
R- 1463
TABLE I concluded
K C v
xK A CR Cm
TRIM = 10 DEG CM2
MEAN WETTED LENGTH
0.5 BEAMS
10.09 0.51 0.63
10.17 0-33 9.70 0.51
0.54 0.66 0.37 0.093 0.23
10-09 29.60 1.64 0.296
0.47 0.59 0.30 1.09
9-99 40.06 2.06 0-376
0.46 0.!8 0.28 50-31 0.83
2.51 0-452 0.97
TRIM = 10 DEG
MEAN WETTED LENGTH
= 1-0 BEAMS
10-06 1.05 1-17
10.10 0-87 10.02 0-82
1.04 1-16 0.86 0-154 0.69
9-97 19.95 1-62 0.305
0.99 1.11 0.82 1-29
10.03 1.04
29.95 2-38 0.459
1.15 0.87 29.92 1-86
9.94 0.99 2.42 0.472 1.80
1.11 0.82 40.11
10.00 1-00 3.18 0-612 2.34
1-12 0.83 40.67
9.98 0-99 1.11 3.24 0-613 2-46
0.82 49.41 3.98
9.86 0.98 0.799 3.03
1.10 0.80 50.52 3-89 0-738 2.81
TRIM = 10 DEG
MEAN WETTED LENGTH
10.11 = 2.0 BEAMS
2.02 2-13 1.85 20.13
10.03 2.39 0-469
2-00 2.11 1.83 3-50
29.76 3.43 0.668
10.04 2.01 2.13 5.01
9.78 1.84 40.14 4.62
2.01 2.13 1.84 0-933 6.84
9-71 49.78 5.52
1.98 2.10 1.80 49.96
1.101 8.17
5.56 1.101 8-10
TRIM = 10 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH
= 3-0 BEAMS
9.98 3.03 3-14
9-93 2.86 9-89 1-68
2.99 3.11 2.82 0-332 3.36
9-9,4 2.97 20.13 3-03 0-627
3-09 2-80 29-54 6-30
9.97 2.99 3.11 4-32 0-890 9.08
2.82 39o47 5.76
9.91 2.98 3-10 1.190 12-27
2.81 48-90 6.99
9.91 2.99 3.11 1.442 14.92
2.82 49.10 7.04 1.456 15.08
25
R-1463
TABLE 2
K xc CV CA CR CH cm
FLAP DEFLECTION = 0 DFG
4.03 2.20 2.32 1.62 20.09 0.87 0.147 0.0003 1.52
4o*04 2.21 2.33 1.63 31.95 1.24 0-211 0.0003 2.13
4.01 2.23 2,35 1.65 50.62 2,00 0.349 0.0006 3.47
26
R-1463
TABLE 2 (continued)
K C C CR C Cm
FLAP DEFLECTION =
0 DFG
5o99 2.15 2.15 1,70 20.09 1.41
6.02 2.17 2.17 1.71 0.220 0.00(8 2.31
30°25 2.05 0"332
6.07 2.22 2,21 1"77 49,92 3.38 -. 0001 33
0.556 0-0005 5-68
FLAP DEFLECTION =
2 DEG
5.99 2.18 2.18
5.99 1.72 19,i 1.60
2.18 2,18 1.72 29.60 2.27 0.244 0.0028 2.49
5.99 2.21 2.21 0.355 0.0041 3.44
1.76 49.24 3.76
0.599 0.0067 5.76
FLAP DEFLECTION =
4 DFG
5.96 2.22 2.22 1.76 10.05
5,94 2.21 0.97 0135 0.0027
2.21 1.75 20.09 1.40
5.97 2.17 1.79 0.276 0.0049
2.22 1.66 29o76 2.53
5.97 2.22 2.60 0.413 0.0070
2.22 1.76 49o92
4.21 3.70
0.693 0.0116 5.90
FLAP DEFLECTION = 10
bEG
6.04 2-23 2.22 1.78
6.02 9.98 1.21 0.207
2.20 2.20 1.74 20.09 0.0066 1"40
2.35 0.398 0.0127 2.75
FLAP DEFLECTION =
15 DEG
6.0l 2.21 2.21 1.76 10.05 1.46 0.265
0.0097 1.52
6.02 2.16 2.15 1.72 19.57
2.79 0"512 0"0189 2.87
27
R-1463
TABLE 2 (continued)
K C C CR H CM
FLAF DEFLECTION = 0 DFG
7-97 2.26 2.20 1.86 19.57 1.87 0.342 0.0014
7-99 2.23 3,12
2.18 1.82 29.92 2.79 0.504 0"0020
8.01 4"60
2.23 2.18 1.b2 49.24 4.56 0.833 0.0030 7.55
FLAP DFFLECTION = 2 DEG
7.97 2.19 2.13 1.79 19.74 2.02 0.377 0.0035 3.11
8.01 2.23 2.17 1.83 29.29 3.03 0.554 0.0050 4.70
8.01 2.17 2.10 1.78 48.56 4.88 0.899 0.0081 7.33
8.01 2.24 2.23 1.79 48.56 4.94 0.908 0.0082 7.48
FLAP DEFLECTION = 4 DFG
8.02 2.18 2.11 1.79 10.17 1.19 0.216
8.00 0,0049 1.63
2.18 2.12 1.79 20.36 2.28 0.426 0.0079
7.99 2.18 3.17
2.11 1.79 30.08 3.38 0.625 0.0091
7.99 2.18 2.12 4.71
1.78 49.24 5.39 1"022 0.0141 7.49
FLAP DEFLECTION = 10 DEG
8:12 2:22 216 183 9.98 1:54 0.296 G.0069 1:95
7.95 2-17 2.11 1.77 20o09 2o87 0.551 0.0136 3.48
FLAP DEFLECTION = 15 DEG
28
R-1463
TABLE 2 (continued)
29
R-1463
TABLE 2 (continued)
T xK ;C C -,, CR CH CM
FLAP DEFLFCTION 2 DEG
FLAP DFFLECIQON = 10 DG
30
R-1463
TABLE 2 (continued)
INBOARD
Cx C2
V CA C
CR CC
H H
S K
FLAP DEFLECTION I DEG
OUTBOARD
TRIM 4 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 2.10 BEAMS
K C CV A R CH C
'1.
31
R- 1463
TABLE 2 (Concluded)
K C v C6 CR CH C
FLAP DEF-ECTION
= I DEG
4.01 2.10 2.30 1-64 10.08 0.41
4.03 2.10 2-.30 1.64 0.075 0.0000 0.50
20.00 0.82
3.97 2.10 2-30 0.143 O000 1-2
1.64 30.25 1.30
4,12 2.10 2.30 0.210 0.0001
1.64 49-92 1.90
2.12 0-346 0.0003 3.3,1
FLAP DEFLECTION
: 2 DEG
4.13 2.09 2.30 1.62 10.11 0.47 0.077
3-97 2.09 2*30 0.0000
3.97 1.62 19o74 0.91 1.86
2.ol 2.32 1.65 29.92 0,133 0.0004
4.05 1.37 1.29
2.12 2.33 1.65 0.198 0.0006
49-24 2.21 1.99
0.347 0.0010 3-17
FLAP DEFLECTION
4 DEG
4.00 2.10 2.30 1.64 10.05 0.55
3.99 2.10 2.30 0.077 0.0003
1.64 20.09 1-06 0.70
3.96 2.10 2.30 0.161 0.0008
1.64 30.08 1.35
4.01 2.10 1.58 0.230 0.0013
2.30 1.64 49.58 2.04
2.52 0.389 0.0022 3.20
HALF SPAN INBOARD 10%
TRIM = FLAPS
4 DEG MEAN WETTED LENGTH
= 2.05 BEAMS
K C C2 CA CR CH
FLAP DEFLECTION CM
= I DEG
4.02 2.05 2.30
4.04 1.64 9.92 0.40
2.05 2.30 1.64 09071 0.0001
19.83 0.78 0.53
4.04 2.05 2.30 0.137 0.0001
1.64 29.76 1.19 0"188 1.11
4.06 2.05 2.30 0.0001
1.64 49.92 3.81 1.73
0"297 0.0003 2.61
FLAP DEFLECTION =
2 DEG
4.02 2.05 2.30 1.64 10.08 0.46
4.03 2.05 2.30 0.071 0.0000
1.64 20.09 0.64
4.03 2.05 2.30 0.86 0.131
4.02 1-64 30.58 0.0002 1.21
2.05 2.30 1.29 0,198 0.0002
1.64 50.27 2.07 1.83
0.337 0.0003 2.96
FLAP DEFLECTION
4.01 4 DEG
2,05 2.30 1.64
4.02 9.98 0.49 0*071
2.05 2.30 1-64 20.09 0.0002 0-64
4.01 2,05 0.91 0.133 0.0002
2,30 1.64 30.08 1.19
3.99 2.05 1.33 0.200 0.0003
2.30 1.64 49.92 1.75
2.18 0.351 0.0005 2.91
32
R-1463
TABLE 3
Average Increment In
Lift, Drag, and Moment
Due to Flap
and Flap Hinge Moment
33
R-1463
TABLE 3 (Concluded)
INBOARD
1 .002 .0002 ,001 .33
2 .008 .0002 .010 .68
4 .012 .0008 .002 1.63
OUTBOARD
1 .001 -.0002 .005 .26
2 .005 .0001 .006 .63
4 .016 -.0001 .019 1.48
FULL SPAN 107o FLAPS TRIM = 40 MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 2.1 BEAMS
HALF SPAN 10% INBOARD FLAPS TRIM = 40 MEAN WETTED LENGTH = 2.05 BEAMS
1 -.004 -.0004 -.006 .09
2 .004 .0002 .005 .12
4 .009 .0004 .003 .23
34
R-1463
141
SHUFORD -BROWN
KROUKOVSKY- SAVITSKY
20
- /// } X :4
~/}
15 /
c/
SIN 2 TX=
- /
/
// ./0
5-'/
//
//
0 , I .J
n 10 20 30 40 50
~- K .-JKOVSKY--SAVITSKY
20
X4
15 7
SIN2 r
10
/7/.
5
00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
SHUFORD -BROWN
-- - KROUKOVSKY-SAVITSKY JX=4
20 /
- /
-/ /
1/5
'° // }
-o / /
C -/ /
/7 0
//7/
/
7/
/
/
1a
Cv
0 I0 20 30 40 50
20 /
/3
15 _ 7/ / } :
SIN 2
_ // ///7/
0 /// II/ 7L
- SHUFORD -BROWN
200
/
5 /
SIN 2 T
/ /
00
0 10 20 30 40 50
TRIM --2'0
5- Eq. 12-4
0
4 23
CR 3
SIN 2T
TRIM =40
X :4
CR
S IN 2 T
2
X=.
010 20 30 40 50 60
c v2
FIG. 9. DRAG AT 2&84* TRIM
R- 1463
TRIM 6
4 - Eq. 12
3X3
CR
SIN 2 r X=2
2
X=1
4
X=3
CR0X2
SIN 2 T
2
X
00 10 20 30 40 50 60
2
cv
~-Eq. 12 X=:3
41
3
CR
SIN 2 r
20
X: 0.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
cv2
TRIM =21
40 Eq. 14
30
SIN 2 T
20-
10-2
100
60-
TRIM :4 =4
50
40-
CM z: 3
SIN 2?T
30-
20
10-
00.
0.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
70
~ Eq. 14
60
-SA
AV I7SK y,
50
CM40
30
20:
2oz
140
FIG. 1,3.
MOMENT
AT 6'
FI
1463
70 -R-1
X4
TRIM =80
60 - Eq. 14
50-
X:3
40
SIN 2T
30
X:
20
10
X:3
40
TRIM :100
30
IN 2T2
20
10
X0.5
00
Cv2
0.2 0= X0
03 0.1 0 13
A CL FLAP
XF 0'
0.2
0.I
X= 2. 8 4,2
0.8
TRIM
4* 0
0.6 So 1
a CL FLAP
0.4
0.2
* 024 6 8 10 12 14
FLAP DCFLECTION 3 DEG
0.001 -l
a CD FLAP
XF 44
0I 2 3 4 5
AD0.003 - 80 03
0.002 -0
00
0.001
0 2 4 6 8 110 12 14
FLAP DEFLECTION, SDEG
0.08- 80 0
Eq. 17
0.06-
a CM 0LP" 3
00
0.04-
00
0 000ac
0.005
oo
0o 2 :34 5 6
0.03 se 0
CHb Eq. 18
XFo-
0.02
0.01
0 4 6 8 10 12 14
FLAP DEFLECTION, S DEG
P. Ward Brown
April 1971 3 i ae
00. CON TRAC T OR GRANT NO. 1464% 0-0 a, ORIGINATORS R4EPORT P4UMBE111118
Of.
10.DITRIUTONSTAEMNTThis document has been approved for public release and sale; its
distribution is unlimited. Application for copies may be made to the Defense
Documentation Center, 5010 Duke Street, Alexandria, Va. 22314. Reproduction of the
document in whiole or in Rart, i§ verm itted for any Purpose of -the U.S. Government.
ItI. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12. SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY
Sponsored by Naval Ship Systems Command Naval Ship Res. & DeV. Center and
Exploratory Development Research Program Office of Naval Research
SF 35421009.
13. AVSTRACT
FORM (PAE
DD NmOV o 14 7 3
(AEUNCLASSIFIED
S/N 0101 -807-6811 SCCUfity Classification A-31t4onG
UNCLASSIFIED
scurity CIO-k-1firat ion
14LINK A LINK SLN
~~O ~ 0- atLV W? OC W
- --
Planing-
Flapsr
ERRATUM
Repmoduc~d by
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
vh Springfied, Va. 22151