2, A | Meaning from Contest. Read and stn tthe maton about he proces of bal warming. Noce the word n blue. Those er words you wl ear and use Lesson A oe See a : 6 tia * 1 prarmereray SS a a 0 The Process of Global Warming (Ou demand efx fu sha ol and natural gas s groin “This growing need for energy causes Us to bum mee ane more oss ues. Burin fosel tues suchas coal ps carbon ote ai. ‘Garbon did, or CO, and other gases reduce the amount of heat that goes cutinto space. \Whon es heat goes ct into space it means that more heat layin tho earth's atmosphere. \When more heat staysin the eats atmosphere, the average temperature increases, making t warmer. A sigaiticantl igher average temperature loads to chato change and changes to the weather ‘imate change can have a negatve Impact on peoples es, For exam, climate change can mako it ful to {0 ood in some paces. People a satng to conserve energy bby making changes that cause them to Useless ful For example, people are e Uns a arbor, ec buying smal cars Metra targrcictm arose ‘Smaller cars are mor ficient because ebunborrtmaa tat ‘they useless 998 col antares 24 | uNin2 B | Wito each word in blue fom exercise A next tits definition. _—() to make smal or less (n) the power trom ol, gas, and electricity (nthe need for something {nthe chemical element that coal is made from {n}astrng effect on something (wy makes larger or mare (ac) importantly (nthe a around the earth {ac} able to do something witout using too much time or energy (0) 10.86 something carefully co that lasts @ long timeA | Read the article and fit in each blank withthe ae rect form of a weed in blue from execcisa ‘A page 24, Use each werd enly once. ‘The Impact of Our Energy Use on the Barth's Climate oper BORan “This map shows the amount of (1) eatin ash and other greenhouse gases that people in each country put ino the (2) by burning fossil fuels. These gases have. (3) changed the weather in many part ofthe world Every year; the world is using more (4) especially fom fossil fucls like gas and ol, Some counties like China and India don’t use much energy now, but thie (S) for energy is growing In fac, it (6) cach year as they become more modern There are rw important ways that countries can (7) the amount of energy they use. One way countries can (8) — energy is by develop new sources of energy sch as wind or solar energy. The ether way countries can useless nergy is by manufacroring more (9) work harder to decease the amount of carbon they pode it wil have a postive = con the earth climate and weather car that useless fel I countries | Understanding Visual below with a partner. Look at the map in exercisa A. Thon discuss the questions 1. Fd your country onthe map. Do people in your curt precuce ait a a tof carbon? 2. Which areas ofthe world produce tha mast carbon? Which areas produce the least? 3, What surprises you the most about this map?Pronunciation ‘Stressing Key Words English speakers pul exra emphasis on the key words in a sentence by saying them ‘more loudly and more clearly than other words. Key words ere content words (nouns, verbs, agectives, and adverbs) that give the istener important information 2. Specksis usvaly stress the last content word in a sentence. Wher is Karen going? ‘Spoakers also use stress to sage or contradic. Is the meeting in Simpson Hal? No, the meeting atthe Student Union tis week. 2, 24 Listen to the conversation. Undorine the words inthe conversation thatthe speakers stess, ‘Then practice the conversation with a partner. Katelyn: Are you going o the Emvirormental Cub meeting? Dan: Maybe. What is it about? Katelyn: I's a presentation about energy around the word, photographer is going to tak about ciferent families and how they ve Dan: Sounds infesting! What timo isthe moating? Katelyn: Itstats at soven Dan: [sit inthe scenes bulding? Katelyn: No, its atthe Student Union this time, Before Listening 24. Prior Knowledge. Werk wth a partner Match the names of places with the photos below. In which of these places do you think people use the most energy? Explain, Maun, Botswana (Mica) Las Vegas, Nevada (USA) Jlpur, Relasthan (inca)28) unre Language Function Giving Examples ‘An examples something that represents a group of things. Petroleum is an example of a fossil fuel. Examples give specie information that can help support statements anc make ideas ‘clearer and easier to understand, ‘Many countries are trying fo conserve energy. For example, people in Japan are ‘buying smaller cars. Hore are same expressions speakers use wien ging examples. Forinstance, ..., For example... suchas. + ‘| Underine he expression used fr ging an example n each once. Then cle ihe camp, 1. The Chumas use foes ls fr afew important tings sch a ee his anda) (eo) 2. Bi gal waning shang big ffect on peopain Bots, ad he Chua fey fan example of hs 3. The Nson wart to conser energy and they have done several things to save tery, Fr exile, they bougt more tient epplances. 4. Changes in thei way of He wl make a big Impact on the world's greenhouse gases. For instance, by 2050, India wil ave more than 600 milion cars. BB | Lookat the words you undarined in exercise A and answer the questions with a partner. 1, Which expressions come at the begining ofa sentence? 2, Which expressions come atthe end ofa sentence? 3, Which expressions come in the middle ofthe sentence? 4 Which expressions have @ comma ater them?24D | Discussion. With a partner, cscs the ties below Try to teach your partner something Grammar | Read each sentance and then wile @ specific example forthe undarined word or words. Many wie animals can now be found in American cts. Specie rempl: For example, the other day saw an opossum in yack, 1. Lenjoy watching many kinds of sports. Specie example: 2, My daughter is learning about African animals in her science class. Avera concen aa ate: Spe example 3 Using pubic transportation can help consare anergy Spectc example 4, Burning oss fuls causes greenhouse gasses Specie example: new about yourself or your country. Give specific exams to expan your ideas. music food © energy interesting places ererciseyouridea___ ove Brazilian music. For | ‘example, | enjoy listening to Bossa Nova when | study Realy? | didn't know that. ket, to. ‘The Simple Present and the Present Continuous \We use the simple present lo tak about facts or situations that are generally tue. ‘The Nelsons lve in Las Vegas. Burning fossi fuss such as coal puts carton into the atmosphere. ‘We also use the simple present o tak about habits and routines, They drive to work avery dey \We use the present continuous to tak about actions in progress, but may not be happening right now. Jennifer is saving money fo buy acar \We also use the present continuous to tak about actions that are happening right now at tho time of speaking Jim is working. ENERGY AND OUR PLANET | 29301 uNiT2 al mol Cc the covet om ofthe vers pene, 1. Jet eine be rt ro. 2, Turn off the TV, Nobody (watches/is watching) it 2. Theat ecehaars acl ls unit because ofa pln, 4. (eka dking) cote evry morn 5, aes arg alt of energy to heat our apartment because 2 bi Wt setanoes us the cotct fom ofthe verb andthe word h pares 1. Verorcsa/levery moming) exercise for an hour every mornin, 2, Paulstudyitight now) 3, Isabel/takafour classes), 4, Vtur oftimy computer at right). '. Carmen and Luis/speak/tiree languages). 6. Weftake/(English classes) \Wiorc wth a partner. Complete the conversations. Then practice saying them, 1. A: What aro you doing hee? You usualy (Eeifare cing) to work BrYes, But this week we aretakinathetrain 2. A: We aivays(walk/are walking) to schoo! when the weather i nce. B: But today it. 3A: What (do you dovare you doing)? B: 4, A (Boas Marissa ga/ls Marissa going) to school wth you? BB: Yes, But this week she 5. A: Helo? B:H, Kim, (Oo | caléAm | cling) ata bad time? (Do you sat dinner you eating dinner? ‘A:No tm not. |Discussing Personal Energy Use Critical Thinking Focus: Interpreting Pie Charts Pie charts show us the diferent parts of somethingin aclar and visual way. Each ‘section of ple chert shows a different pece of information. For example the pie Cchartin axaciso A below shows the diferent ways that energy s used in an Australian household. (See page 276 of the Independent Student Handbook for more information ‘on understanaing pie charts) 33. A | Understanding Visuals. Win 2 partner, look atthe pie ‘chart and clscuss the questions below. 1 ‘Tho pie chat shows what peoplein Australia use ‘energy for at home, What do the numbers inthe chart show? \Which activities use the most energy? Which activities use the least energy? Does any informaton inthis chart surprise you? Explain, B | Solf-Reflection. write your answers tothe questions blowin your notebook, 1 2 8 \What appliances do you use? How often do you use them? ‘What actuties do you do that use alot of energy? Ober ppc Incvrg compte te cock ii © | Critical Thinking. Create a Household Energy Use pie chert in your notebook that shows what you use energy fo. Use the chart rom exercise A as an example and your answers ‘rom exercise B to help you. Flow these stops: Draw a cc. Then draw sections inthe circa to represant what you use energy for at 1 2 3 home, Then label each section, \Wte @ percentage in each section that represents how much energy you think you se for each acti, You don't have to be exact. Just make your best guess. ‘Check and make sure thal the numbers in your chart equal 100 percent, &_D | Discussion. Compare your pie chart with a partner's. Then discuss the questions below. What do you use the most energy fr? Explain your reasons and give examples, \Which of these uses of energy Is most important youre? Explain IF you wanted to use less energy, which part woul be the easiest to change? Which ‘woud be the most cic? ENERGY AND OUR PLANET | 312, A | Meaning from Context. Read and isten tothe advertisement. Notice the words in biue. “Thee are words you wil hear and use in Lesson B. Tips for Saving Energy and Protecting Our Environment Scieniss believe thatthe earth's temperature is incteasing. They believe this increase in cemperature is having a negative impact on our environment. You ‘might think that protecting the plane is to0 big a job for you, butt isn’. There are many small and practiesl ways you «can conserve energy and help protect the Yee Naor Fa, Ban Cou, Cada environment. Here are some helpful tips. * Cur back on driving by taking public transportation or walking more often. You will save a lot ‘of gas if you drive to work two or thre days a week instead of five! ‘Shop at local stores close ro your home. You will drive les, so you can spend less money on gas and more money on food, ‘Tum off lights and electronies when you aren using them, so you don't wast electric Replace your old appliances like retigerarars and dishwashers with new, ff appliances consuine more energy than new ones. 1 models. Old *+ Keep rack ofthe electricity and gas you use and how you use it. Write dawn the different activities you do that se gas or eleticity and how often you do them in an “energy journal.” Use your energy journal to elp you seta lower rset for your energy use each month, For ‘example, if your energy bills $100 one month ry lowering your bill © $80, or by 20 percent the ext month, + Thy co reduce the amount of energy you use by making grail changes to your lifestyle, You will see that making smal changes each month can have a big impact on the amount of energy you use—and help protect our beautifel planet! B | Match each word in blue trom exercise A with its definition, 4. practical (adh) a. toput something nw inthe place of an old one 2 cutbackon (vy) —— _b. parts out of hundred (6), 3. local (adi) @, fromorrelated tothe place where you ve 4 waste) =. touse 5. replece(v) = _____&. happening slowly 6. keep track of). toreduce, makeloss 7. consume.) —— _g, topay attention to what is happening to something 8. targetin) §=— ago something you want to do 8. gracval acl) © |. to.use too mush of something without a good resson 10. percent(n) =. Usefulin areal situation‘A | Read the ideas below and fin each blank with the corect form f a word in blue fom exercise Aon page 34, Then rate how ficult or easy ch idea woul befor youto do. ‘Wt for easy, M for medium, and D for cfc More Energy-Saving Ideas 1, Don't___energy drying you dishes inthe dishwasher. Dry them by hand instead of using energy by ryig them in the dishwasher. ( 2, _______ your use of hot watee. Take a fiveminute shower, or use only four inches (10 centimeters) of water in your bath.) EE 5. Buy more foo that comes from —___ farms. Food that is produced near your home uses les energy fr transportation. (—] 4, your elctric bills. Make a char of how much energy you use, and watch the numbers go down every monte. (—) 5. Recycle all of your cans, bottles and paper: Recycled materials auch les energy than new materials. 6, ____allof the lightbulbs in your house with modern, energy céfcient lightbulbs. (__) 7. Unplug computers, printers, TVs, and cellphone chargers when you arent using them. ‘They use elecrcity even when they are turned off—up toc of your electric bill! (__) 8, Making _____changes vo your dir that wil help save energy. Try cating ess meat and more locally grown fruits and vegetables each month, Prodocing meat uses more energy than producing other kinds of food. ( 9. For most people, itin't___t0 replace all you electronic appliances But when you need to buy a new refrigerator, computes or air conditioner, look for brands that use ess energy. ( —} 10, Set a____ for using public transportation more often. Try to take the tain or bus instead of driving a least wo days a week instead of ive. (_—] | Discussion. Compare your answors fom exercise A with a partner’, For ideas thet you rated as cfcut, explain your reasons. 24 © | Critical Thinking. Form a group with another pair of students and choose the thee ideas, tat you thnk could save the most eneray. 4ARi D | Reporting to the Class. Explain your ideas and reasons from exercise C to the class. ENERGY AND OUR PLANET | 35Pronunciation Using Intonation to Show Feelings In English, spsakers often use intonation fke ths voices go up or dun) to show how they fel. Listening to a speakers intonation can help you understand if they fel hapey, ates, upset, nervous, angry, or suprised about what they are seyng. Example: Bs 12. Our ensray binis 260 dotars this month. (showing surprise) ~ ur energy bil is 200 dotars is month. (showing angen) | 2, A | Listen to each pair of sentences. Draw arrows to show the intonation you hear. 1. Speaker A: The earth's temperature might increase by fve dagrees. ‘Speaker B: The earth's temperature might increase by fwe degrees. 2, Speaker A: Americans produce twice as much carbon as Europes. ‘Speaker B: Americans produce twice as much carbon as Europeans, 8, Speaker A: Oh, you bought a new TV. ‘Speaker B: Oh, you bought a new TV. 2. B | Usento tte stances aga cc now each speaker fos 1. Speaker A: The certs tamperture might creas by he dors. nary Speaker B:Tho cats emperatre might increase by ve dares. sata) 2. Speaker A: Americans produce twice as much carbon as Europeans. teupteedhenous Speaker B: Arran produce tc os much carbon es Eucpeans. (anary/surprised) 3. Speaker A: Oh, you bought a new TV. (happyangry), Speaker 8:0h, you bought anew TV. uprsedheous) 2 © | Comps tn comorton bow wt parte Decide how ech spate. Then practice the comersaon vera We oe natn, Az What re you dong? Baking et curser ba A: Oh istlower than ast months B: Note scaly her. Ws qa Ws RED | Presentation. Form a group with anather par of students, Take tums presenting your corwersations. Listen forthe intonation and try to guess ow each speaker fal, 361 uniLR TSS 38 BRB | Work with a partner. Take turns giving advioe for Grammar Modals of Advice: Should/Shouldn’t, Ought to, Had Better ‘We use should and shouldn't to ask for and give advice. ‘Should | replace my ight bubs? You should keep an energy journal You shouldn't leave your computer an al night. \We also use should to tak about what is generally accepted as the rght thing todo, Everyone should try to save on energy. \We also use ought to and ough not to forgiving advice. Ought fois stronger than should. We rarely use cught to in questions or negative statements, You ought to get a new retigerator Wo use had betta o give strong advice or give a warming. We use had better when & negative consequence may rest better pay my energy bil today or they wil cut of the power. Note: We do not use had eter er uations. The negative of had betters had better nt ‘A | Complete the sentonces with the correct form ofthe model in parentheses. Cicle your 1. You (6hould/shouldn'y tum off your computer every right. You could seve alot of lect, 2, Tom (had betterhad bette not forget to turn off the lights. Last time he went away he lett them on for a week. 3, We (ought/ought not to call the energy compary: | think there's a mistake on our bil 4, You realy hould/shouldn') drive your carto the stro I's only two blocks away. 5. We (had bettavhad better not stop burning fossil fuels, W's bad for the environment the situations boiow, ‘Your partner has an important test tomorrow Your partner has a very bad col. Your partner's cars making a strange noise, ‘Your partner keeps missing class. ‘havea vary bad cold, 1m sorry to hear that, You ‘Should dink hot tea en a)Language Function Giving Advice and Making Suggestions Hore are some other expressions wa use to give advice and make suggestions. You look sick. Why don't you go to the doctor? ‘If were you, | would ask the teacher. Let's try to cut back on the amount of energy we use. Why don't we fako the bus o schoo! instoad of chiving? ‘A | Setf-Retlection. Writs dovin three o four problems you have or stutions you went te change, +, Myapartmentisveryewensive 2 3 4 BBB | Work with a partner. Tako tums asking for and giving advice and suggestions for the tuations you wrote down in exercise A. My apartment is very expensive, | Doyauhave any advice? Why dont you gota roommate? | 1 (ri were you, Fwoutd | cal eamous securty. Host my cell phone yesterday. 2% | Role-Playing. Read the information below. Then role-play the situation with your partner. Situation: You are roommates sharing an apartment. Your energy bills very high and is getting higher every month. You need to find ways to lower your bill Each of you has a computer and a TV set You like to keep your aparcment very warm in the winter. You have 1 washing machine and clothes dryer in your apartment. You cach do your laundry about twice a week. You ae having a conversation, about ways you can reduce the amount of energy you use and lower your energy bill ENERGY ANO OUR PLANET | 39In this section, you vl work witha group to plan a presentation on ways to conserve energy. 433. A | Form a group with two or three other students, Read the information below and complete the exercises that folow. Situation: You are members of your schools “Green Committee.” The director of your school wants you to present che four most important ways that your school can save ergy and reduce its carbon footprint? You are going to meet to discuss your ideas and then present them to your director. 438 B | Brainstorming. with your group, brainstorm a list of ideas in your notebook of how your ‘school can save energy and reduc its carbon footprint. We should turn off alight atnight, The school aught-to use fewer schocl buses. PEC en acca \When planning a group presentation, its important to decide n which order each person Wil speak. Make sure everyone in your group understands who is presenting fst, second, thi, andi so on. Organizing your ideas wil help meke your presentation go smoothty, and vil make the presentation easier for your auclenos to follow, ARE C | Look at your list of ideas from exercise B. Discuss which ideas you think are the best. Put a ‘check (7) naxt to your four best ideas. Take notes on why you think each idea is important. 422% D | Planning a Presentation. Decide which member of your group wi present eech idee. Each member of your group shoud ‘ak about one idea. | _Whon you ae having a conversation JREE | Presentation. Presentyourideasto or goup discussion, tekng tums can the cass, hop you keep the dscussion going and make sure that everyone has an ‘nti cae rwen rare entrant cr ‘opportunity to talk about his or her corse wth enorme. Ree cas cdecets | doas, Here are come expressions you echasogaenissencassbyepasn |-_-06088 for taking tums. aac | Wat co you think? What's your ea? Didyou want fo say something? =| Ok, yourtum. | Marta?