Expression for Torsion of a cylindrical rod

R
r
X O

Rigid support
Axis
L
Ф

dr

B O′
B
θ
B′
04/06/20
Smitha M G, ASST Professor, RNSIT
Consider a cylindrical rod of length L and radius R
The rod is fixed to a rigid support at its upper end
Let OO′ be the axis
Imagine the cylindrical rod to be made of thin concentric
hollow layers each of thickness dr
If the rod is twisted at its lower end, then the concentric
layers slide over each other
At the fixed end the movement is ZERO
The sliding increases along the down ward direction
 Consider one concentric circular layer of radius r and
04/06/20
Smitha M G, ASST Professor, RNSIT
 The point X remains fixed, but point B shifts to B′
 Angle BXB′ = Ф, is the angle of shear, If Ф is small , then BB′ = LФ
Angle BO′B′ = θ, is the twisting angle, then arc length BB′ = rθ
LФ = rθ , 0r Ф = rθ/L ........ (1)
Since the concentric layers represents the annular ring, The area of the
annular ring is calculated as , π(r + dr)2 - πr2 = 2πrdr
If F is the shearing force, then Shearing stress T is given by,

............(2)
Therefore, shearing force

04/06/20
Smitha M G, ASST Professor, RNSIT
If Ф is the angle of shear, then Rigidity modulus is

Substituting T, we get,

Moment of the force about OO′ xr

This is the for the one layer of the cylinder

04/06/20
Smitha M G, ASST Professor, RNSIT
 Twisting couple acting on the entire cylinder

dr

Couple per unit twist C is given by,

R 4

2 L

C
04/06/20
Smitha M G, ASST Professor, RNSIT