I.

STANDARD REFERENCE
II. INTRODUCTION
The liquid and plastic limit test is widely used all over the world, primarily for soil
identification and classification. A soil containing very high water content offers no
shearing resistance and can flow like liquids. As the water content is reduced the soil
becomes stiffer and starts developing resistance to shear deformation. Hence, depending
on the moisture content, the behavior of soil can be divided into four basic states- solid,
semisolid, plastic, and liquid.
III. APPARATUS
IV. PROCEDURE
V. SET-UP
VI. DATA AND RESULTS
VII. COMPUTATION
VIII. DISCUSSION OF THEORY
Swedish scientist Albert Atterberg was the first person to define the limits of soil
consistency for the classification of fine-grained soils and later, they were refined by
Arthur Casagrande. Depending on the water content of a soil, the soil may be in one of
four states: solid, semi-solid, plastic and liquid. 

The Liquid Limit (LL or wLL), also known as the upper plastic limit, is the water content
at which the soil changes from the liquid state to a plastic state. It is the minimum
moisture content at which a soil flows upon application of very small shear force.

The Plastic Limit (PL or wPL), also known as the lower plastic limit, is the water content
at which a soil changes from the plastic state to a semisolid state. The Plastic limit test is
performed by repeated rolling of an ellipsoidal-sized soil mass by hand on a non-porous
surface.
 Plasticity Index (PI or IP) is calculated as the Plastic Limit subtracted from the Liquid
Limit and is an important value when classifying soil types.

PI = LL – PL

IX. OBSERVATION

X. CONCLUSION
XI. REFERENCES
https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/media/lectures/5/5_2018_03_06!05_05_48_PM.pdf
https://www.geoengineer.org/education/laboratory-testing/atterberg-limits
http://civilengineeringlaboratory.blogspot.com/2012/02/liquid-limit-and-plastic-limit-
tests.html