Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reference Material EX PDF
Reference Material EX PDF
Page
Introduction 2
ATEX Directive 94/9/EC and IECEx 3
Hazardous areas 4-5
Identification ATEX and IECEx apparatus 6-7
Types of protection (gas, dust) 8-9
Types of protection "d" and "m" 10
Types of protection "i" and "e" 11
Equipment groups / temperature classes 12-13
Standardisation organisations 14
Certification 15
80205GB-2012/R01
CENELEC standards 16
CENELEC standards - International standards 17
SOME DEFINITIONS B
What is a potentially explosive atmosphere?
3 elements must be combined to trigger an explosion:
A The oxygen in the surrounding air = always present
B A flammable substance (gas, vapours, mists or dusts)
C A source of ignition: Electrical equipment / installation
or any source of heat
A spark or a flame are not the only sources of ignition. An increase of the
surface temperature of an electrical equipment may cause an explosion
if it exceeds the ignition temperature of the surrounding gas or mixture of
substances. A C
Removing just one of the 3 elements
What is an explosive atmosphere? eliminates the entire risk
This is an atmosphere which could become explosive (the danger is potentially present) due to the local or operational condition in an
installation such as: leaks, rupture of pipeline, temperature variations, etc.
Zone 0
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 22
Zone 21
B
Filter bag
Zone 20
Dust separator
"e"
issuing the EC type-examination certificate.
explosive atmospheres.
EN 13463-5, EN 13463-8.
TYPES EQUIPMENT TEMPERATURE
OF GROUPS CLASSES
PROTECTION
CE marking.
MARKING EXAMPLES
T Tamb C TC IP
MEDIUM bar PIPE
80205GB-2012/R01
TYPES OF PROTECTION
Electrical apparatus, gas atmospheres:
"d" : Flameproof enclosure EN 60079-1
II : Surface industries
(maD/mbD)
"iD": Protection by intrinsic safety EN 61241-11
Dusts : D
I : Mines
Gas : G
Non-electrical apparatus:
"c" : Protection by constructional safety EN 13463-5
0081 q II 2 G Ex d IIC T4
0081 q II 2 D c T85°C T6
Ex d IIB Gb T6
Ex t IIIC Db IP67 T85°C
II2D Ex tD A21 IP65 0081
II2G Ex d IIB+H2 LCIE 01 ATEX 6050X
ma or ia = for use in
Maximum
zone 0 gas (D = Dusts)
surface
mb or ib = for use in
temperature
zone 1 gas (D = Dusts)
A= Temperature class
R Prefix added to the
zone (example: 21) Enclosure ingress
to identify the test protection (IP)
method “A” (dust-tight rating for dust
enclosure, IP6X) (EN 60529)
Protection Zones
Description Drawing
symbol 0 1 2
Type of protection in which the parts which can ignite an explosive
atmosphere are placed in an enclosure which can withstand the
"d" ● ● pressure developed during an internal explosion of an explosive
mixture and which prevents the transmission of the explosion to
the explosive atmospheres surrounding the enclosure.
"ia" ● ● ●
Type of protection when no spark or any thermal effect in the R L
circuit, produced in the test conditions prescribed in the standard
"i" "ib" ● ● (which include normal operation and specific fault conditions), is U C
capable of causing ignition.
"ic" ●
"ma" ● ● ● Type of protection in which the parts which can ignite an explosive
atmosphere are enclosed in a resin sufficiently resistant to the
"m" "mb" ● ● environmental influences in such a way that this explosive atmos-
phere cannot be ignited by either sparking or heating which may
occur within the encapsulation.
"mc" ●
Protection Zones
Description Drawing
symbol 0 1 2
Description Characteristics
FLAMEPROOF ENCLOSURE
The most currently used type of protection.
CONSTRUCTION
Standard EN IEC 60079-1 includes elements of standard EN 50018 and specifies
Standard equipment is contained in a sturdy
the 2 following main characteristics for the construction of a "d" type enclosure to
casing specifically designed for use in explosive
prevent an internal inflammation from igniting the ambient atmosphere:
atmospheres.
- the length "L" (in mm) of the flameproof seal;
- the maximum experimental safe gap (MESG) "i" (in mm).
i d
L=c+d
L L
Features The dimensions given depend on the seal and volume of the enclosure and gas
groups. Example: with a seal length L = 12.5 mm and an enclosure volume
≤ 100 cm3, the MESG "i" will be:
"d" - keeps an internal inflammation within a dimen-
sionally stable enclosure; I : 0,5 mm seals included 1 / 2 IIB : 0,2 mm seals included 1 / 2
- prevents inflammation from penetrating the IIA : 0,3 mm seals included 1 / 2 IIC : 0,15 mm seals included 3
ambient atmosphere; EN 60079-1: All non-threaded flamepaths have to be at 1.5 times the maximum
- keeps the outside temperature of the enclosure gap (if the maximum gap stated for a flange joint is 0.1 mm, the product will be
below the ignition temperature of the ambient tested at 0.15 mm.
gas, vapours or dusts.
OPERATING VOLTAGE, TEMPERATURE
EN 60079-1:
- All equipment needs to be tested within the range of ±10 % of its operating
voltage;
- If the ambient temperature is below -20°C, a test to determine the reference
pressure is required unless a statement that the enclosure is unaffected by lower
temperatures (i.e. it does not become more brittle) is furnished.
WIRING (by cable gland certified to ATEX)
Standard EN 60079-1 specifies that the thread sizes (3/4 NPT, 1/2 NPT or M20)
must be marked on the product or label or indicated in the installation and mainte-
nance instructions. The cable glands must be certified in accordance with this new
standard and must be appropriate for use within the ambient temperature range for
which the product is certified.
ENCAPSULATION
Easy to install, the enclosure with this type of CONSTRUCTION
protection can be adapted to many models of Standard EN 60079-18 (EN 50028) defines that this type of protection must be
electrical equipment. used even in case of overvoltage or excessive current as a result of:
- an internal short-circuit;
- the valve with blocked core in an open circuit.
A fuse is required with alternating current. The maximum surface temperature may
not exceed the certified temperature class.
The coil and electrical components must be enclosed in a compound (example:
epoxy resin).
EN 60079-18: ma for zone 0 and mb for zone 1.
"m"
Features
- encloses in a compound the electrical
parts which are likely to ignite the ambient
explosive atmosphere;
80205GB-2012/R01
1 2 1 fuse
"i"
2 Zener diodes
What about the zones?
+ 3 zero potential (equi-
U1 potential earth or
Some components may present defects (reliability). - interconnected earth)
Intrinsically safe components are classified into "ia"
and "ib" groups depending on the number of defects 3
and their location in hazardous area:
"ia" (zones 0, 1 & 2): 2 defects = intrinsically safe Galvanic barrier (interface)
"ib" (zones 1 & 2): 1 defect = intrinsically safe Other intrinsically safe apparatus with galvanic barriers are used for various applications:
- Current-transmitters for 2-lead converters;
- Transmitters;
- Converters: temperature converters, electropneumatic I/P or P/I;
- Amplifier relays;
- Power packs with galvanic barriers.
The voltage U2 at the entrance of an interface must be lower than the barrier voltage
U1 (U2 < U1).
1 2 3 4 5
+ 1 rectifier
U2
-
2 filter
6 3 logic control
4 galvanic protection
(transformer)
5 output voltage
adjustment
6 galvanic isolation
(optocoupler)
INCREASED SAFETY
Prevents the occurrence of any accidental ignition
WHAT IS EN 60079-7 (EN 50019) BASED ON?
source: arcs or sparks. Sparking components are Explosion group:
excluded from this method of protection. I or II; Group II includes subdivisions IIA-IIB-IIC.
Temperature class:
How? The temperature which must be taken into account is that of the hottest point of
- Use of high quality insulation materials; the equipment as a whole and not that of the external temperature as is the case
- Min. IP54 ingress protection to reduce the prob- with flameproof enclosures.
"e" ability of contamination by dirt and moisture The temperature classification is identical to that of protection type “d”.
ingress;
CONNECTION
- Special enclosure with connections which cannot
Securely fastened certified cable gland
become loose;
80205GB-2012/R01
II n-butyl 370 ●
n-hexane 240 ●
acetaldehyde 140 ●
ethyl ether 160 ●
ethyl nitrite 90 ●
ethylene 425 ●
B ethyl oxyde 429-440 ●
hydrogen sulfide 270 ●
acetylene (C2H2) 305 ●
C carbon disulphide (CS2) 102 ●
hydrogen (H2) 560 ●
Temperature of a hot surface able to ignite a gas mixture.
(1)
The ignition temperature of the gas mixture must be higher than the maximum surface temperature. In practice, a 10 to 20% safety margin is
observed between the ignition temperature and the rated nameplate temperature.
The ignition temperature of a cloud of dust is generally between 300 and 700°C. At 150 to 350°C, the ignition temperature of a layer of dust is far
below that of a dust cloud. A burning dust layer can initiate a dust explosion if brought in contact with a combustible dust cloud, so these values
must be taken into account to limit the risk.
TEMPERATURE CLASS
The temperature classification is based on the maximum surface temperature of equipment. That is the highest temperature any part
of or the entire surface of an electrical device can reach under the most unfavourable operating conditions capable of igniting a sur-
rounding explosive atmosphere.
Group I : Temperature ≤ 150°C or ≤ 450°C according to coal dust accumulation on equipment
Group II : Equipment must be classified and marked:
- preferably with the temperature class (T classification)
- defined by the surface temperature or,
- limited to the specified flammable gases or dusts for which it is approved, if necessary (and marked accordingly).
Temperature class Maximum surface temperature (°C) Ignition temperature (1) (°C)
T1 450 > 450
T2 300 > 300
T3 200 > 200
T4 135 > 135
T5 100 > 100
T6 85 > 85
80205GB-2012/R01
80205GB-2012/R01
IEC
Commission European
The "International Electrotechnical Commission" (IEC), founded in 1906, has its head of the European Free Trade
communities Association
office in Geneva. The commission is currently composed of 55 national committees
and 19 associate members. Its purpose is "fostering international cooperation in all
issues relative to standardisation and in related subjects such as certification in the
fields of electricity and electronics, and thus favouring international exchanges".
Since 1976, the IEC has been cooperating with the International Standard Organisa- CENELEC
tion (ISO), among others.
Full partici-
CENELEC pation
National of all inte-
The "European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation" (CENELEC) is a tech- committees rested
nical organisation located in Brussels. It is composed of the National Electrotechnical parties
Committees from 31 European countries and 11 affiliated countries. The committee's
major role is to harmonise national standards to produce a single European Standard
("EN").
In 1958, the standardisation process started, and in 1973, the name CENELEC was ELECTROTECHNICAL
STANDARDS
adopted with the expansion of the Common Market. for EUROPE
Within the CENELEC, the Technical Committee 31 is in charge of elaborating the
standards for electrical apparatus intended for use in explosive atmospheres.
WHAT IS CEN?
CEN (European Committee for Standardisation) works in close partnership with CENELEC. CEN is a “European forum” for stand-
ardisation, with the exception of electro-technology, which fosters and organises relations between governments, governmental
bodies, producers, users, consumers, trade unions etc. This is, in particular achieved by:
- harmonising published national standards and promoting ISO standards;
- elaborating new EN standards, developing procedures for the mutual recognition of test results etc.
(Example: Standards EN 13463-1 to 8 for non-electrical apparatus).
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN THE STANDARDISATION OF EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
CENELEC and CEN have been entrusted with developing new directives as a support to harmonise the legislation of the Member
States of the European Union.
Key dates to bear in mind:
- 23 March 1994: Creation of Directive 94/9/EC (also called ATEX or ATEX 100A) in replacement of Directives 76/117/EEC,
79/196/EEC, 82/130/EEC. The directive is to form the basis of the current regulations relating to electrical and non-electri-
cal equipment for explosive atmospheres.
- From 1996, transposition of the directive in the Member States of the European Union. Start of the transitory period allowing for
a progressive adaptation of the manufacture of products to the requirements of the directive.
- 30 June 2003, end of the transitory period: All products placed on the market throughout the European Union from 1 July 2003
must fulfil the safety and health requirements of Directive 94/9/EC.
- 2006-2009: Gradual application of the new harmonised series of standards “6” (EN 60079-0, EN 60214-0, etc.). The series of
standards “5” (EN 50014, EN 50281-1-1 etc.) will cease to apply due to the substantial modifications required by some of the
series of standards “6”.
- 2007: The significant changes in the 5th edition of IEC 60079-0 are:
- Requirements for explosive dust atmospheres transferred from IEC 61241-0
- The marking Group II alone has been replaced by IIA, IIB or IIC
- Dusts groups defined as Group IIIA, IIIB and IIIC
- Limits for ultrasonic and electromagnetic radiation introduced
- Remainder of “electrostatic” requirements transferred from IEC 60079-26
80205GB-2012/R01
ATEX
Country IECEx Logo Notified bodies
N°
Belgium ● 26 AIB Vinçotte International S.A. - Bruxelles
Czech Republic ● 1026 ● FTZU Fyzikáln technický zkušební ústav (Physical Technical Testing Institute) - Radvanice
Finland ● 537 ● VTT VTT Industrial Systems (VTT Tuotteet ja Tuotanto) - VTT
● 80 ● INERIS Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques - Verneuil-en-Halatte
France
● 81 ● LCIE Laboratoire Central des Industries Electriques - Fontenay-aux-Roses
● 32 ● TÜV Technischer Überwachungs-Verein Nord CERT - Hannover
● 35 ● TÜV TÜV Anlagentechnik Unternehmensgruppe TÜV Rheinland/Berlin-Brandenburg - Köln
● 102 ● PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt - Braunschweig
● 123 ● TÜV Technischer Überwachungs-Verein Product Service - München
Germany ● 158 DMT Deutsche Montan Technologie - Essen
● EXAM Dekra EXAM
Institut für Sicherheitstechnik -
● 637 ● IBExU Institut an der Technischen Universität - Bergakademie - Freiberg
● 820 ● ZELM EX Prüf-und Zertifizierungsstelle - Braunschweig
Hungary ● ● BKI Hungarian Approval Service for Ex-proof Electrical Equipment - Mikovuny
Russia ● MANIO CCVE Certification Centre of explosion-proof and mine electrical equipment
Sweden ● 402 ● SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute LTD - Boras
United Kingdom ● 600 EECS Electrical Equipment Certification Servicehealth and Safety Executive - Buxton
● 891 TRL Compliance Services LTD - Up Holland
● 1180 ● BASEEFA 2001 British Approval Service for Electrical Equipment in Flammable Atmospheres - Buxton
(2008)
What does this mean for the manufacturer? What are the obligations of the person installing the equipment?
Obtaining the certificate: - He must select electrical apparatus certified for use in explosive
- gives proof of the conformity of equipment with the Certificate stan- atmospheres under specific conditions.
dards; - He must install them according to each zone defined by the user.
- authorises the manufacturer to issue a copy of the Certificate; What are the obligations of the user?
- gives the testing authorities delivering the certificate free access to the - He is responsible for using certified equipment in hazardous areas.
manufacturer's production units. - He must carry out regular maintenance work and ensure the safety of
The marking of a certified product must specify: the installation and staff.
- the name of the manufacturer or his registered trademark;
80205GB-2012/R01
TYPES OF PROTECTION
type «d» «e» «i» «m» «n» combustible dust «c»
CENELEC/CEN EN 50021
EN 60079-1 EN 60079-7 EN 50020 EN 60079-18 EN 61241-1 EN 13463-5
standards (EN 60079-15)
Member countries National standards
Austria ÖVE/ÖNORM EN 60079-1 ÖVE/ÖNORM EN 60079-7 ÖVE EN 50020 ÖVE/ÖNORMEN 60079-18 ÖVE/ÖNORM EN 50021 ÖVE/ÖNORM EN 61241-1 ÖVE ÖNORM EN 13463-5
Belgium NBN-EN 60079-1 NBN EN 60079-7 NBN EN 50020 NBN EN 60079-18 NBN EN 50021 NBN EN 61241-1 NBN-EN 13463-5
Bulgaria BDS EN 60079-1 BDS EN 60079-7 BDS EN 50020 BDS EN 60079-18 BDS EN 50021 BDS EN 61241-1 BDS 13463-5
Croatia HRN EN 60079-1 HRN EN 60079-7 HRN EN 50020 HRN EN 60079-18 HRN EN 50021 HRN EN 61241-1 HRN EN 13463-5
Cyprus CYS EN 60079-1 - - CYS EN 60079-18 CYS EN 50021 - -
Czech Republic CSN EN 60079-1 CSN EN 60079-7 CSN EN 50020 CSN EN 60079-18 CSN EN 50021 CSN EN 61241-1 CSN EN 13463-5
Denmark DS EN 60079-1 DS EN 60079-7 DS EN 50020 DS EN 60079-18 DS EN 50021 DS EN 61241-1 DS / EN 13463-5
Estonia EVS EN 60079-1 EVS EN 60079-7 EVS EN 50020 EVS EN 60079-18 EVS EN 50021 EVS EN 61241-1 EVS- EN 13463-5
Finland SFS-EN 60079-1 SFS-EN 60079-7 SFS EN 50020 SFS-EN 60079-18 SFS-EN 50021 SFS EN 61241-1 SFS-EN 13463-5
France NF EN 60079-1 NF EN 60079-7 NF EN 50020 NF EN 60079-18 NF EN 50021 NF EN 61241-1 NF EN 13463-5
Germany DIN EN 60079-1 DIN EN 60079-7 DIN EN 50020 DIN EN 60079-18 DIN EN 50021 DIN EN 61241-1 DIN EN 13463-5
Greece EN 60079-1 EN 60079-7 NF EN 50020 EN 60079-18 ELOT EN 50021 ELOT EN 61241-1 ELOT EN 13463-5
Hungary MSZ EN 60079-1 MSZ EN 60079-7 MSZ EN 50020 MSZ EN 60079-18 MSZ EN 50021 MSZ EN 61241-1 MSZ EN 13463-5
Iceland IST EN 60079-1 IST EN 60079-7 IST EN 50020 IST EN 60079-18 IST EN 50021 IST EN 61241-1 IST EN 13463-5
Ireland I.S. EN 60079-1 I.S. EN 60079-7 I.S./ EN 50020 I.S. EN 60079-18 I.S. EN 50021 I.S./ EN 61241-1 I.S. EN 13463-5
Italy CEI EN 60079-1 CEI EN 60079-7 CEI EN 50020 CEI EN 60079-18 CEI EN 50021 CEI EN 61241-1 CEI EN 13463-5
Latvia LVS EN 60079-1 LVS EN 60079-7 LVS EN 50020 LVS EN 60079-18 LVS EN 50021 LVS EN 61241-1 LVS EN 13463-5
Lithuania LST EN 60079-1 LST EN 60079-7 LST EN 50020 LST EN 60079-18 LST EN 50021 LST EN 61241-1 LST EN 13463-5
Luxembourg EN 60079-1 EN 60079-7 EN 50020 EN 60079-18 EN 50021 EN 61241-1 EN 13463-5
Malta MSA EN 60079-1 MSA EN 60079-7 MSA EN 50020 MSA EN 60079-18 MSA EN 50021 MSA EN 61241-1 MSA EN 13463-5
Netherlands NEN-EN 60079-1 NEN-EN 60079-7 NEN-EN 50020 NEN-EN 60079-18 NEN-EN 50021 NEN-EN 61241-1 NEN-EN 13463-5
Norway NEK-EN 60079-1 NEK-EN 60079-7 NEK-EN 50020 NEK-EN 60079-18 NEK-EN 50021 NEK-EN 61241-1 NEK-EN 13463-5
Poland PN-EN 60079-1 PN-EN 60079-7 PN-EN 50020 PN-EN 60079-18 PN-EN 50021 PN-EN 61241-1 PN EN 13463-5
Portugal EN 60079-1 EN 60079-7 EN 50020 EN 60079-18 EN 50021 EN 61241-1 EN 13463-5
Romania SR EN 60079-1 SR EN 60079-7 SR EN 50020 SR EN 60079-18 SR EN 50021 SR EN 61241-1 SR EN 13463-5
Slovakia STN EN 60079-1 STN EN 60079-7 STN EN 60079-7 STN EN 60079-78 STN EN 50021 STN EN 61241-1 STN EN 13463-5
Slovenia SIST EN 60079-1 SIST EN 60079-7 SIST EN 50020 SIST EN 60079-18 SIST EN 50021 SIST EN 61241-1 SIST EN 13463-5
Spain UNE EN 60079-1 UNE EN 60079-7 UNE EN 50020 UNE EN 60079-18 UNE EN 50021 UNE EN 61241-1 UNE-EN 13463-5
Sweden SS EN 60079-1 SS EN 60079-7 SS EN 50020 SS EN 60079-18 SS EN 50021 SS EN 61241-1 SS EN 13463-5
80205GB-2012/R01
Certificates issued by the IECEx Certified Equipment Program are issued as “Electronic Certificates” and are
live on the IECEx Website. This enables full public access for viewing and printing. Visit the IECEx “On-Line
80205GB-2012/R01
Certificate” System.