REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

ULK POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

P.O Box 2280
Website://www.ulkpolytechnic.ac.rw

E-mail: polytechnic.institute@ulk.ac.rw

MODULE OF ELECTRICAL POWER PLANT

By:
Eng. BENIMANA Raymond Celestin
&
Eng. KAYIJAMAHE Patrick

Tel: 0788598765/0788304083

0
Contents
UNIT.I. HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION .................................................................................................. 3
I.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 3
I.2. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANTS .................................................. 3
I.2.1. Advantages of Hydro-electric Plant ............................................................................................. 3
I.2.2. Disadvantages of Hydro-electric Plant ......................................................................................... 3
I.3. SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION ................................................ 4
I.4. CHOICE OF SITE FOR HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS ................................................................. 4
I.5.CONSTITUENTS OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANT ....................................................................................... 5
I.5. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO- ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS ................................................................... 10
I.5.1. According to availability of head................................................................................................ 10
I.5.2. According to the nature of load ................................................................................................. 11
I.5.3.According to the quantity of water available ............................................................................. 11
I.6.MINI AND MICROHYDEL PLANT ......................................................................................................... 12
I.7.CALCULATION OF AVAILABLE HYDO-POWER..................................................................................... 13
I.7.ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT IN A HYDRO-PLANT .................................................... 14
UNIT II.THERMAL POWER STATION ............................................................................................................ 18
II.1. STEAM POWER STATION .................................................................................................................. 18
II.1.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 18
II.1.2.Advantages and disadvantages of thermal power station ........................................................ 18
II.1.3. Schematic Arrangement of Steam Power Station .................................................................... 19
II.1.4 Choice of Site for Steam Power Stations ................................................................................... 21
II.1.5. Efficiency of Steam Power Station ............................................................................................ 21
II.1.6. Equipment of Steam Power Station .......................................................................................... 22
II.2. DIESEL POWER STATION .................................................................................................................. 25
II.2.1.Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 26
II.2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of diesel power station ............................................................ 26
II.2.3. Schematic Arrangement of Diesel Power Station ..................................................................... 26
II.3.GAS POWER PLANT ........................................................................................................................... 28
II.3.1.Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 28
II.3.2.Advantages and disadvantages of gas power plant................................................................... 28
II.2.3. Schematic Arrangement of Gas Power Plant ............................................................................ 29
UNIT III. NUCLEAR POWER STATION ........................................................................................................... 30
III.1.INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 30

1
 Nuclear Fusion .................................................................................................................................. 31
III.2.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NEUCLAR POWER STATION ............................................ 31
III.2. SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF NUCLEAR POWER STATION......................................................... 32
III.3.SELECTION OF SITE FOR NUCLEAR POWER STATION....................................................................... 34
UNIT IV NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION ................................................................................ 38
IV.1. NON-CONVENTIONAL ..................................................................................................................... 38
IV.2 WIND POWER .................................................................................................................................. 39
IV.2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 39
IV.2.2 Characteristics of Wind Power ................................................................................................. 40
IV.2.3 Design of Wind Wheels............................................................................................................. 42
IV.3 GEOTHERMAL POWER ..................................................................................................................... 42
IV.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 42
IV.3.2 Principle of Operation ............................................................................................................... 43
IV.4 WAVE POWER .................................................................................................................................. 44
IV.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 44
IV.4.2 Wave Power Conversion Devices ............................................................................................. 44
IV.5 MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMIC (MHD) GENERATION ........................................................................ 45
IV.5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 45
IV.5.2 Principle of Operation of MHD Generator................................................................................ 45
IV.6 SOLAR ENERGY................................................................................................................................. 46
IV.6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 46
IV.6.2 Residential cooling and heating ................................................................................................ 46
IV.6.4 Solar Power Plant...................................................................................................................... 46
1.6.5 Solar Concentrators ................................................................................................................... 48
IV.6.6 Flat Plate Collector .................................................................................................................... 49
UNIT V. ECONOMICS OF POWER GENERATION .......................................................................................... 50
5.1 Economics of Power Generation ...................................................................................................... 50
5.2 Cost of Electrical Energy.................................................................................................................... 51
5.3 Expressions for Cost of Electrical Energy .......................................................................................... 51
5.4 Methods of Determining Depreciation ............................................................................................. 60
5.5 Importance of High Load Factor ....................................................................................................... 65