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4-Coccia, M. (2020). Factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 and suggested strategy to
prevent future accelerated viral infectivity similar to COVID. Science of the Total Environment,
138474.
Coccia is a member of the Italian National Research Council, focuses on the accelerated
diffusion mechanism of the COVID-19 to preventing future epidemics. The paper targets
academics: it was peer-reviewed and incorporated scientific format. The SARS-CoV-2 virus
causes an invasive pneumonia-related disease, which is related to various climate factors
(temperature, air quality, humidity, airspeed). Coccia (2020) identified the two main viral
diffusion routes —air quality-human and human-human interactions. He concluded by
suggesting various strategies to eliminate future outbreak, such as continuous surveillance of
wildlife trade, prevent crowded places, improve air circulations, and air pollutions (Coccia,
2020).
2-Jin, Y., Yang, H., Ji, W., Wu, W., Chen, S., Zhang, W., & Duan, G. (2020). Virology,
epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. Viruses, 12(4), 372.
The authors are members of the Public Health Medical Center. Article provides
comprehensive review on the SARS-CoV-2 to public health workers from worldwide. SARS-CoV-
2 is within the B-CoVs lineage--similar to the SARS and MERS viruses. Jin et al. (2020) found that
the glycoprotein spikes can bind to the lungs' ACE2 receptor, releasing RNA gene into the host
cells, causing structural rearrangement, massive apoptosis, and inflammatory immune
response. The main transmission pathways are aerosol droplets, human-human, human-surface
contact, and possible fecal contamination. Virus's survivorship can last up to 72 hours on a
stainless steel and plastic surface. It is sensitive to high temperatures, UV, and ethanol (Jin et
al., 2020).
3-Di Gennaro, F., Pizzol, D., Marotta, C., Antunes, M., Racalbuto, V., Veronese, N., & Smith, L.
(2020). Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) current status and future perspectives: a narrative
review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(8), 2690.
Authors are part of the Institute of Neurology and the Department of Internal Medicine.
This review article derived data from various databases to summarize the current health status
relating to SARS-CoV-2 for public health workers and general audiences worldwide. The RNA
viruses’ structural proteins facilitate its movement through the lungs, by trigger B-lymphocyte
reduction (crucial for healthy anti-body production), causes an acute immune response and
tissue damages (Di Gennaro et al., 2020). Several management strategies are available, Di
Gennaro (2020), included oxygen therapy, ventilation, face masks (N95, FFP2), washing hands
(alcohol-based soap), social distance, taking vitamins, and exercise are essential to boost one’s
immunity.
1-Cai, J., Sun, W., Huang, J., Gamber, M., Wu, J., & He, G. (2020). Indirect virus transmission in
cluster of COVID-19 cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020.
Dr. Cai is the chief physician and the deputy chief director of the internal medicine
department. This research letter targets medical researchers and general audiences; it is
shorter and lacks typical scientific literature elements. Cai et al. (2020) investigated the
different indirect modes of viral transmission in an indoor environment. An inter-human
contact and droplets are the leading infectious source for the SARS-CoV-2 that causes Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Surface contact is an indirect infectious pathway since virus was
detected on a doorknob in a symptomatic patient’s home (Cai et al., 2020).