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Astm C 157
Astm C 157
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Sco
Scope*
pe* Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
1.1 This test method coverscovers the determination
determination of the length C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination
change
cha ngess tha
thatt are pro
produc
duceded by cau
causes
ses oth
other
er tha
thann ext
extern
ernally
ally of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar Mortar,, and
applied forces and temperature changes in hardened hydraulic- Concrete
cement mortar and concrete specimens made in the laboratory C 511 Specifi
Specificati
cation
on for Mix
Mixinging Roo
Rooms,
ms, Moi
Moist
st Cab
Cabine
inets,
ts,
and
an d exexpo
posed
sed to co cont
ntro
roll
lled
ed co
cond
nditi
ition
onss of tem
tempepera
ratu
ture
re an
andd Mois
Mo istt Ro
Room
oms,
s, an
and
d Wate
aterr St
Stor
orag
agee Tan
anks
ks UsUsed
ed in ththee
moisture. Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
inch-pound units C 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-
are to be regarded separately as standard. An exception is with taining Hydraulic Cement
regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which C 1347 Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Uranium
the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E 11 11.. Materials for Analysis
Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values E 11 Specificati
Specification
on for Wire CloCloth
th and Sie
Sieves
ves for Testin
Testingg
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, Purposes
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin- E 337 Test
Test Meth
Methodod for Measurin
Measuring g Hum
Humidi
idity
ty wit
with
h a Psy
Psy--
ing
ing va valu
lues
es frfrom
om th thee tw
twoo sy
syst
stem
emss mamayy re
resu
sult
lt in nonon-
n- chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
conformance with the standard. peratures)
1.3 This standar
standard d doe
doess not purport
purport to add
addreress
ss all of the
3. Terminology
safet
sa fetyy co
conc
ncer
erns
ns,, if an
anyy, as
asso
socia
ciate
tedd wi
with
th its ususe.
e. It is ththee
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1 Definitions— The
T he te
term
rmss us
used
ed in ththis
is tes
testt me
meththod
od ar
aree
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- defined in Terminology C 125.125.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 length changee, n—a
length chang —an n in
incr
crea
ease
se or de
decr
creas
easee in th
thee
2. Referenc
Referenced
ed Documents
Documents length of a test specimen that has been caused to change by any
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 factor
factor oth
other
er tha
than
n ext
extern
ernally
ally app
applied
lied for
forces
ces and tem
temper
peratu
ature
re
C 125 Term
ermino
inolog
logyy Rela
Relatin
ting
g to Con
Concre
crete
te and Con
Concret
cretee changes.
Aggregates
4. Signi
Significanc
ficancee and Use
C 143/C 143M Test
Test Me
Meththod
od fo
forr Sl
Slum
ump p of Hy
Hydr
drau
aulic
lic--
Cement Concre
Concrete
te 4.1 Mea
Measur
suremen
ementt of len
length
gth cha
change
nge per
permits
mits assassess
essmen
mentt of
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete the potential for volumetric expansion or contraction of mortar
C 192/C 192M Practice
Practice for Mak
Making
ing and Cur
Curing
ing Con
Concret
cretee or concrete due to various causes other than applied force or
Test Specimens in the Laboratory temperature
temper ature change. This test metho
methodd is partic
particularly
ularly useful for
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic
Hydraulic Cement comparative evaluation of this potential in different hydraulic-
cement mortar or concrete mixtures.
4.2 This test method provides useful
useful information for experi-
1
Thiss tes
Thi testt met
method
hod is und
under
er the jurisdict
jurisdiction
ion of AST
ASTMM Com
Commitmittee
tee C09 on mental
men tal pur
purpos
poses
es or for pro
produc
ducts
ts tha
thatt req
requir
uiree test
testing
ing und
under
er
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee nonstandard mixing, placing, handling, or curing conditions,
C09.68 on Volume Change. such as high product workability or different demolding times.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
Standard conditions are described in 5.4.1
5.4.1..
approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 157/C 157M – 06.
2
For refere
referenced
nced ASTM stand
standards,
ards, visit the ASTM websi
website,
te, www
www.astm
.astm.org
.org,, or 4.3 If conditions
conditions for mixing
mixing,, curin
curing,
g, sampling, and storage
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FIG. 1 Atmometer
6. Sampling
6.1 Take samples according to the applicable provisions of
NOTE—Dimensions shown are appropriate for one design of mold for Practice C 192/C 192M from batches of hydraulic-cement
3-in. [75-mm] square specimens. Change dimensions as required for other mortar or concrete made in the laboratory (Note 2).
molds.
FIG. 4 Device for Demolding Specimens from Single Molds NOTE 2—When collecting samples in nonstandard conditions, such as
field concrete, it is suggested that Practice C 172 be followed. Field cast
specimens can show up to twice as much drying shrinkage as laboratory
cast specimens from the same materials and proportions.
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cross-section shall be used if all of the aggregate passes a 1-in. accordance with the instructions for consolidation of flexure ,
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enced by the size of the specimen, specimens to be compared compared. In addition, as the top layer is being placed, work ,
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the concrete thoroughly around each gage stud with the fingers.
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shall have the same dimensions, and any specification limit ,
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based upon this method shall be applied to a specified size of The top layer shall slightly overfill the mold. After consolida- ,
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specimen. tion is complete, strike off the excess material with a straight-
edge. Immediately after completion of molding, loosen the
8. Procedure for Mixing Mortars and Concrete device by holding the gage studs in position at each end of the
mold in order to prevent any restraint of the gage studs before
8.1 If the mortar or concrete to be tested is made in
the test specimens are demolded.
accordance with requirements other than those given in one of
the following paragraphs, samples shall be taken and speci- 10. Procedure for Curing of Specimens
mens molded as described in the sections on sampling and on 10.1 Cure the test specimens in the molds in a moist cabinet
molding specimens. or room in accordance with Specification C 511. Protect
8.2 Bring all materials to a temperature between 65 and 75 specimens from dripping water.
°F [18 and 24 °C] before using to make mortar or concrete. 10.2 Remove specimens from the molds at an age of 231 ⁄ 2 6
Proportion solid materials by mass (that is, not by volume). It 1
⁄ 2 h after the addition of water to the cement during the mixing
is permissible to batch water and liquid admixtures either by operation. In order to avoid damage during removal from the
mass or by volume. For calculation of batch quantities, assume molds, it is not permitted, especially in the case of certain
aggregates to be saturated and surface-dry; if they are not in slow-hardening cements, to allow specimens to remain in the
this condition at the time of use, apply appropriate corrections, molds for more than 24 h. When this is found necessary the
as necessary, to batch quantities to compensate for absorption moist curing schedule shall be extended, but all specimens that
or free moisture. are to be directly compared with each other shall be subjected
8.3 Mortar — Mix mortar in a mechanical mixer as de- to the same conditions of moist-curing and shall have their
scribed in Practice C 305. The clearances between paddle and initial comparator reading made within 61 ⁄ 2 h of the same age.
bowl specified in Practice C 305 are suitable only for mortars It is permitted to use the demolding device to remove speci-
made with fine aggregates that are finer than the 2.36 mm (No. mens without striking or jarring and with particular care not to
8) sieve. Mortars made with aggregates containing particles exert pressure directly against the gage studs. The gage stud
coarser than this sieve require special clearances or a different holder shall remain attached to the stud during this operation.
type of paddle to permit the mixer to operate freely and to Marks placed on the specimens for identification or positioning
avoid damage to the paddle and bowl. The sequence of mixing are only to be made by graphite applied either by a soft pencil
shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of or as a liquid that deposits essentially graphite without binder
Practice C 305. Determine the flow of the mortar in accordance or made with waterproof indelible ink. Upon removal of the
with the applicable provisions of Test Method C 1437, and use specimens from the molds, place them in lime-saturated water
sufficient mixing water to produce a flow of 110 6 5 %. maintained at 73 6 1 °F [23 6 0.5 °C] for a minimum of 15
8.4 Concrete—Mix concrete in a suitable laboratory mixer min in the case of 1-in. [25-mm] square cross-section speci-
in accordance with the applicable provisions of Practice mens, and for a minimum of 30 min in the case of 3-in.
C 192/C 192M. Determine the slump of the concrete using Test [75-mm] or 4-in. [100-mm] square cross section specimens
Method C 143/C 143M, and use sufficient mixing water to before being measured for length. This is to minimize variation
produce a slump of 3.5 6 1 ⁄ 2 in. [90 6 15 mm]. in length due to variation in temperature. At an age of 24 6 1 ⁄ 2
h after the addition of water to the cement during the mixing
9. Procedure for Molding Specimens operation, remove the specimens from water storage one at a
9.1 Mortar Specimens—Place the mortar in the mold in two time, wipe with a damp cloth, and immediately take the initial
approximately equal layers. Compact each layer with the comparator reading.
tamper. Work the mortar into the corners, around the gage 10.3 After the initial comparator reading, store the speci-
studs, and along the surfaces of the mold with the tamper until mens in lime-saturated water at 73 6 3 °F [23 6 2 °C] until
a homogeneous specimen is obtained. After the top layer has they have reached an age of 28 days, including the period in the
been compacted, strike off the mortar flush with the top of the molds. At the end of the curing period, take a second
mold, and smooth the surface with a few strokes of a trowel. comparator reading after the specimens have been brought to a
Take comparator readings of each specimen when it has specimen, or total elapsed time of curing and storage if the ,
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reached an age, including the curing period of 8, 16, 32, and 64 `
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have been subjected to storage in water at 73 6 1 °F [23 6 0.5 decrease in linear dimension to the nearest 0.001 % of the gage ,
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°C] for at least 15 min in the case of 1-in. [25-mm] specimens `
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13. Report 4
Mather, Bryant, “The Partial Replacement of Portland Cement in Concrete,”
13.1 Report the following information: Cement and Concrete, ASTM STP 205, ASTM, 1958.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,
C 157/C 157M – 06, that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved October 1, 2008)
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
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