Name: I Gede Susastra Gunawan

Faculty: FET, Industrial Engineering

ID: 2019370102
Midterm
1. Explain the following terms:
• Class is a definition of objects that share the same properties, relationships and
behavior.;
• Object is an instance of a class. t;
• Encapsulation refers to hiding module details from its implementation to external
parties. The mechanism hides a process and data in the system to avoid
interference and simplifies the use of the process itself.;
• Constructor is a special type of subroutine called to create an object. It prepares
the new object for use, often accepting arguments that the constructor uses to set
required member variables.
• Message is ‘arrange lunch next tuesday’ and becauses PA and spouse are
(metaphorically) different classes they do different things in response.
• Inheritance connects generalized classes to more specialized ones in what is
known as subclass/super-class or child/parent relationship;
• Single inheritance enables a derived class to inherit properties and behavior from a
single parent class. It allows a derived class to inherit the properties and behavior
of a base class, thus enabling code reusability as well as adding new features to
the existing code. This makes the code much more elegant and less repetitive.
Inheritance is one of the key features of object-oriented programming (OOP).;
• Multiple inheritance is a feature of some object-oriented computer programming
languages in which an object or class can inherit characteristics and features from
more than one parent object or parent class. It is distinct from single inheritance,
where an object or class may only inherit from one particular object or class.
Think about using an ATM machine.
1. Create a scenario of someone using an ATM machine
2. Identify functional requirements and non-functional requirements a system in an ATM
machine
2. Use case diagram for an ATM machine.

3. Based on UML Case diagram in Q.02, the class diagram and the data dictionary for
the ATM machine is:

4. Draw a DFD and the data dictionary for an ATM machine based on scenario and
requirements.
5. Draw a ERD and the data dictionary for an ATM machine based on scenario and
requirements.

6. Explain:
- Reusability: The system can be used several times due to the effectiveness
- Expandability: The system can be modified and updated by the administrator
easily
- Portability: The system can be used in every condition.

7. There are several choices of methods when installing a system. Explain at least 4
methods and under what circumstances or situations would the implement these
methods can be done.
Answer:
1. Direct Cut-Over
▪ Involves the Old system being completely dropped and the new system
being completed installed at the same time
▪ Need to make sure the new system is completely functional and
operational
 ▪ This conversion method is only used when it is not feasible to operate
sepearate systems at the same time
▪ Any data and training must be done before the installation
2. Parallel
▪ Involves the operating of both system being run for a period of time
▪ This allows problems with the new system to be found without loss of
data.
▪ Once the new system is fully functional and operational the old system
can stop being used.
▪ A consequence of using this is that old versions must continued being
supported untill the conversion.
3. Phased
▪ The phased method of installation from an old system to a new one
through a gradual introduction of the new and discardation of the old
▪ This is usually done by introducing new parts of a system while
removing/replacing old ones.
▪ Often used when the product as a whole is still under development.
▪ Overtime the entire system will be converted from old to new.
4. Pilot
▪ The new system is installed for a small number of users.
▪ Users learn,use and evaluate the new system.
▪ Once the system is seen as satisfactory the new system is installed and
used by all.
▪ Allows users to become experts and tezchers of the new system
▪ Piolt conversion also allows for testing the product in a operational
setting

8. What are The Unified Process Life Cycle Model and System Development Life
Cycle, and Agile Software Process Model, and what are the differences among them?

Answer:
The Unified Process lifecycle divides a project into four phases: Inception,
Elaboration, Construction, and Transition. Systems development life cycle (SDLC),
also referred to as the application development life-cycle, is a process for planning,
creating, testing, and deploying an information system Agile Software Process Model
is a short-term development model that requires rapid adaptation and development to
change of any kind.

9. An object may respond differently to the same message at different times. Explain
why, gives an example.
Because the object can be come from different class or different relationship. For
example, the relationship are aggregation and composition. It could respond
differently to the same message at different times due to the condition.

10. Referring to the diagram below, explain what polymorphism is.

Here, in this diagram, there are one parent class (shape class) and child class (Circle
and Square class) with aggregation relationship. Polymorphism is the ability to hide
many different implementations behind a single interface. Therefore, in this diagram,
polymorphism work with circle and square class to shape class, so it can hide many
different implementations behind a single interface.