Design of Concrete Structures | i Equivalent Frame Method Calculation of K;, Y K,, and Kee for an Interior Column. Example: The 7-in.-thick flat plate shown is attached to 12-in.x20-in. interior columns oriented with the 20-in. dimension parallel to column line 2, The story-to- story height is 8 ft 10 in. The slab and columns are of 4000-psi concrete. Compute Ky, EK, and Kee for the interior connection between the slab strip along line 2 and column B2. I AG © Be A ey @--# — - — Solution: 1. Define the cross section of the torsional members. The torsional member consists of a portion of the slab having a width equal to that of the column in the direction of analysis. In the attached torsional member at the interior column, x= 7 in, and y= 20 in. 2. Compute C. 1\P Xx 20 - 06) 5 where the summation refers to the torsional member on either side of line 2 and £, refers to the length ¢, of the torsional member on each side of line 2. Because the two beams are similar, Ky | 9F.s 1780 sss | = 207E 75 x 12(1 - 2 1575 xT ( an) University of Duhok College of Engineering Lecturer: Dr. Sherwan AlbrifkaniDesign of Concrete Structures | 157 Equivalent Frame Method 4. Compute ) K, for the columns. The height center-to-center of the floor slabs is 8 ft 10 in. = 106 in. The columns are bent about their strong axis. Thus, 203 = = 4 I. = 12 x Fy = 8000 in. For this column, f= 106in, , &,=99in, , & Eccl. €/by = 1.07 eee ty =3.5in., t =35in. , ta/ty = 1.0 ——} —— [=a be (a) Slab system Column stiffness 4.76El, without beams. diagram Ke te and the carryover factor is 0.55. Because there are two columns (one above the floor and one under), each with the same stiffness, it follows that 4.76Exc X 8000 DK = 2( TeX 100) = T18E 5. Compute the equivalent column stiffness, K,., for the interior column con- nection. eal Loy K 3K Ky T18E:. 207E cs Because the slab and the columns have the same strength concrete, Ege = Ecs Therefore, Kee = 161E,. Note that K,-——— Key + Ket The actual columns are designed for these bending moments. Arrangement of live load The arrangement of live load that will cause critical reactions is not always readily apparent. The most demanding sets of design forces must be established by investigating the effects of live load placed in various critical patterns. ACI Code permits the arrangement of the live load to be limited to the following conditions: 1, In cases where the unfactored live load is equal to or less than three-quarters the unfactored dead load, it is permitted to assume that maximum factored moments occur at all sections when the full factored live load acts on all of the spans at the same time. 2. Inall other cases, pattern live loading must be used to obtain the maximum moments. Itis permitted by the Code to use only three-quarters of the live load in such cases. The use of less than the full factored live load is based on the fact that maximum negative and positive live load moments cannot occur simultaneously and that redistribution of maximum moments is possible before failure occurs. University of Duhok College of Engineering Lecturer: Dr. Sherwan AlbrifkaniDesign of Concrete Structures I 162 Equivalent Frame Method Moments at the Face of Supports The equivalent-frame analysis gives moments at the node point where ends of the members meet in the center of the joint. ACI Code permits the moments at the face of rectilinear supports to be used in the design of the slab reinforcement. The critical sections for negative moments are illustrated in the figure below. tse cnn (Feo ec supports ‘Square support having same area Critical section for ate ‘i. ‘moment —_—| ?] i T o.r7s i Face of supporting element | | a>oasy | asi (@) Interior supports and exterior (©) Exterior supports with supports with columns or walls, brackets or corbels,, Critical sections for negative moment If the slab meets the requirements for slabs designed by the direct-design method ACI Code allows the total design moments in a panel to be reduced such that the absolute sum of the positive moment and the average negative moment does not i 1 exceed the statical moment, Mo, for an that panel. Thus, for the case t illustrated in the figure below, the values of the computed moments Mi » Mz , and Ms would be limited to Ie M, + M; ac” + us) =M, a Negative and positive moments in a slab beam uN University of Duhok College of Engineering Lecturer: Dr. Sherwan Albrifkani