+

,
= + =
= ϕ = θ ϕ
= ϕ = θ ϕ
= = θ

  

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ 
 ∂

∂ 

 ∂  
∂
∂ 

∇× = = − + − + −
   
  
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂



∂( ) ∂( )
  

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂  ∂ ∂ ∂ 
   
   

  
 
ϕ   ϕ
∇× = = − + − ϕ+ −
 
  
∂ ∂ϕ ∂ ∂ϕ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ϕ
 
ϕ

θ θϕ
*
∂ ∂ ∂
∇× = )

θ ∂ ∂θ ∂ϕ
(
θ θ ϕ
 

∂( ) ∂( ) ∂( )


∂( θ)
$ $ $

! &
'%
θ ϕ θ
"
∂ '%
& ( θ ϕ
" %&'
∂ (
"
 
= − + − θ+ − θϕ
% " % "
) # # #

θ ∂θ ∂ϕ ∂ϕ ∂ ∂ ∂θ
 ;

= : + 9 + 8

= 7 + ϕ ϕ+ 8

= 7 + ϕ ϕ+ θ θ

∇ × (∇φ ) =
∇ ⋅ (∇ × )=
6

∇ × (∇ × ) = ∇(∇ ⋅ ) − ∇
6 6 3 6

∇(φψ ) = φ∇ψ + ψ∇φ

∇ ⋅ (φ ) = φ∇ ⋅
6 6 6

+ ⋅ ∇φ
∇×( ( ) )=
/
6

( )
012 -

∇ =− =
6
. 5

∇⋅( × ) = ⋅ (∇ × ) − ⋅ (∇ × )
6 6 6 6 6 6

∇⋅ = ∇× =
6 6

∇( ⋅ )=
6 6
6

∇ × (φ ) = ∇φ × + φ(∇ × )
6 6 6

∇( ) =
4 4 3
− 6

= δ( )
3 012 -

∇
6
.

/
3 012 -

∇ . = ≠

∇×( × )= ( ⋅ ∇) − ( ⋅ ∇) + ∇ ⋅ − ∇ ⋅
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

∇ × (φ ) = φ∇ ×
6 6 6

− × ∇φ