CBSE Examination Paper, 2020 [Delhi (Set I, I, I1)] Time Allowed: 3 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them: @ Question paper comprises three sections — A, B and C. There are 30 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Section A — question no. 1 to 14 — all questions or part thereof are of one mark each, These questions comprises multiple choice questions (MCQ), very short answer (VSA) and Assertion-Reason type questions. Answer to these questions should be given in one word or one sentence. (iii) Section B — question no. 15 to 24 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to these questions should not exceed 50 to 60 words. (iv) Section C — question no. 25 to 30 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to these questions should not exceed 80 to 90 words. (v) Answer should be brief and to the point. Also the above mentioned word I be adhered to as far as possible. (vi) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in some questions in each Section. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted. (vii) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary Set-I SECTION-A 1, Name a cyclic unsaturated carbon compound. Ans, Benzene is cyclic unsaturated carbon compound. 2. The change in magnetic field lines in a coil is the cause of induced electric current in it, Name the underlying phenomenon. Ans, Electromagnetic Induction 3. The growing size of the human population is a cause of concern for all people. The rate of birth and death in a given population will determine its size. Reproduction is the process by which organisms increase their population. The process of sexual maturation for reproduction is gradual and takes place while general body growth is still going on. Some degree of sexual maturation does not necessarily Science — 10 @Ans. Ans. Ans. Ans. 4. Ans. Ans. Ans. mean that the mind or body is ready for sexual acts or for having and bringing up children. Various contraceptive devices are being used by human beings to control the size of population, (a) List two common signs of sexual maturation in body and girls. (® Thick hair development in underarm and genital area, (ii) Deepening of voice (b) What is the result of reckless female foeticide? It is the practice of killing female foeticide and it has led to various problems in population balance and it reduces the number of female child per male child, which is not good sign of a healthy popula a particular area (c) Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal balance of the body? The chemical contraceptive methods such as oral pills and vaginal pills change the hormonal imbalance of the body. (@) Write two factors that determine the size of a population. (@ Birth rate (i) Death rate Human body is made up of five important components of which water is the main component, Food as well as potable water are essential for every human being. ‘The food is obtained from plants through agriculture. Pesticides are being used extensively for a high yield in the fields. These pesticides are absorbed by the plants from the soil along with water and minerals and from the water bodies these pesticides are taken up by the aquatic animals and plants. As these chemicals are not biodegradable, they get accumulated progressively at each trophic level. ‘The maximum concentration of these chemicals gets accumulated in our bodies and greatly affects the health of our mind and body. (a) Why is the maximum concentration of pesticides found in human beings? This is due to the fact that human by the food chains. gs are at the top trophic level in most of () Give one method which could be applied to reduce our intake of pesticides through food to some extent. Washing vegetables and fruits is an excellent method which could be applied to reduce the intake of pesticides through food, (©) Various steps in a food chain represent: (i) Food web (ii) Trophic level Ecosystem (iv) Biomagnification (ii) Trophic level Science - 10 (i)Ans. Ans. 1. Ans. (d) With regard to various food chains operating in an ecosystem, man is a: () Consumer (ii) Producer ) Producer and consumer (iv) Producer and decomposer ( (® Consumer Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime. Ca0(s) + H,0 ——> Ca(OH) ,(aq) This reaetion can be classified as: (A) Combination reaction (B) Exothermic reaction (C) Endothermic reaction (D) Oxidation reaction Which of the following is a correct option? (@) (A) and (©) (6) © and (D) (©) (A), (© and (D) (@) (A) and (B) (4) It is exothermic as well as combination reaction Or When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a blue solution of copper sul a black precipitate of copper sulphide is obtained and the sulphuric acid so formed remains in the solution, The reaction is an example of a: (@) Combination reaction @) D (c) Decomposition reaction (@) Double displacement reaction (d) It is double displacement reaction. ement reaction In a double displacement reaction su solution and barium chloride solutio as the reaction between sodium sulphate (A) exchange of atoms takes place (B) exchange of ions takes place (C) a precipitate is produced (D) an insoluble salt is produced ‘The correct option is: (@ (B) and (D) () (A) and (©) (c) only (B) (@ (B), © and (D) (d) Exchange of ions takes place, an insoluble salt ie precipitate is formed. Baking soda is a mixture of: (a) Sodium carbonate and acetic acid (6) Sodium carbonate and tartaric acid (c) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid (d) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid (c) Baking soda is mixture of NaHCO, and tartaric acid. Science — 10 (iti)Ans. 9. Ans. Ans. 10. Ans. Ans. u. Ans. ‘The chemical formula for Plaster of Paris is: (a) Caso. (b) CaSO,.H,0 (©) Caso. @ 2CaSO,. 1,0 (a) Caso, SHO is Plaster of Pari ‘The laws of reflection hold true for: (@) plane mirrors only (6) concave mirrors only (©) convex mirror only (d) all reflecting surfaces (d) all reflecting surfaces Or ‘When an object is kept within the focus of a concave mirror, an enlarged image is formed behind the mirror. This image (@) real (6) inverted (©) virtual and inverted (@) virtual and erect @) virtual and erect At the time of short ci it, the electric current in the circuit: (a) vary continuously (b) does not change (©) reduces substantially (@)_ increases heavily (A) increases heavily Or ‘Iwo bulbs of 100 W and 40 W are connected in series. The current through the 100 W bulb is 1 A. The current through the 40 W bulb will be: @ 044 (6) 0.64 (©) 08A (@) 1A @I1A Which one of the following is responsible for the sustenance of underground water? (a) Loss of vegetation cover () Diversion for high water demanding crops (©) Pollution from urban wastes (d) Afforestation (A) Afforestation Science - 10 @w)2. Ans. Ans. 14. Ans. 15. Incomplete combustion of coal and petroleum: (A) increases air pollution. (B)_ increases efficiency of machines. (©) reduces global warming. (D) produce poisonous gases. ‘The correct option is: (a) (A) and (B) (b) (A) and (D) (c) (B) and (C) (d) (C) and (D (b) (A) and (D) For question numbers 13 and 14, two statements are given — one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (6), (c) and (d) as given below: (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the A‘ jon. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the Assertion, (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true, Assertion (A): Esterification is a process in which a sweet smelling substance is produced, Reason (R): When esters react with sodium hydroxide an alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid are obtained, (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the Assertio Assertion (A): In the process of nuclear fission, the amount of nuclear energy generated by the fission of an atom of uranium is so tremendous that it produces 10 million times the energy produced by the combustion of an atom of carbon from coal. Reason (R): The nucleus of a heavy atom such as uranium, when bombarded with low energy neutrons, splits apart into lighter nuclei, The mass difference between the original nucleus and the product nuclei gets converted to tremendous energy. (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the Assertion. 1 g of copper powder was taken in a China dish and heated. What change takes place on heating? When hydrogen gas is passed over this heated substance, a le change is seen in it. Give the chemical equations of reactions, the name and the colour of the products formed in each case. Science — 10 wv)Ans. 16. Ans. Reddish brown copper powder will change to black coloured copper oxide. 2Cu(s) + Og) —> 2CuO0Gs). Copper Oxygen Copper(I1) Oxide (Reddish brown) (Black) When hydrogen gas is passed over heated copper oxide, it changes to reddish brown copper again CuO(s) + Hyg) 5 Cu(s) + H,0(). (Reddish brown) List the important products of the Chlor-alkali process. Write one important use of each, Or How is washing soda prepared from sodium carbonate? Give its chemical equation. State the type of this salt. Name the type of hardness of water which can be removed by it. Chlorine gas, hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide are products formed in chlor- alkali process. 2NaCl(aq) + 2H,0 electrolysis > 2NaOH+ H, + Cl, nfectant. gas is used as + Hydrogen gas is used in preparation of vegetable ghee from vegetable oil. + Sodium hydroxide is used for manugacture of soap. Or Washing soda is perpared from sodium carbonate by crystallisation of saturated solution of sodium carbonate. Na,CO, + 10H,0() ———> Na,CO, . 10H,0() Sodium Washing soda carbonate Sodium carbonate is basic salt because it is salt of strong base (NaOH) and weak acid (H,CO,). It can be used for removal of permanent hardness of water. Science — 10 co)17, 3 mL of ethanol is taken in a test tube and warmed gently in a water bath. A 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate is added first drop by drop to this solution, then in excess. (i) How is 5% solution of KMnO, prepared? (ii) State the role of alkaline potassium permanganate in this reaction, What happens on adding it in excess? (iii) Write chemical equation of this reaction. Ans, (i) 5% solution of KMnO, is prepared by dissolving 5g of KMnO, in 95g of water so that total mass of solution is 100. (ii) Alkaline potassium permanganate acts as oxidising agent. If excess of alkaline KMn0, is used, acetic acid will be formed. (ii) CH,CH,OH + 2[0] "+> cy in a scary situation. Its body has to prepare for either fighting or its body so that (OOH + H,O 18. A squirrel running away. State the immediate changes that take place the squirrel is able to either fight or run? Or Why is chemical communication better than electrical impulses as a means of communication between cells in a multicellular organism? Ans, Adrenaline hormone in large amount is secreted in its body when a squirrel is in seary situation and following immediate changes takes place in its body so that squirrel is able to either fight or run: (i) The heartbeat increases (ii) The breathing rate increases (iii) More glucose goes into blood to release energy which helps squirrel to either fight or run away. Or Chemical communication is better than electrical impulses as a means of communication between cells in a multicellular organism because: (i) Chemical communication can reach every part of the body while electrical impulses cannot reach each and every cell, it can reach only those cells which are connected by nervous tissue. (ii) Once the electrical impulse is generated in a cell and transmitted, it takes time to reset the mechanism before it can create and transmit a new impulse, while chemical communication is steady and a constant response. Science — 10 (vii)19. Ans. 20. Ans. 2. Ans. Define the term pollination. Differentiate between self pollination and cross pollination. What is the significance of pollination? Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a stamen to the stigma of a carpel. Differences between self pollination and cross pollination: (i) Self-pollination: It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma within a flower or between two flowers of the same plant, (i) Cross-pollination: It is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of two flowers on different plants of the same species. Significance of Pollination: The process of pollination leads to fertilization as it brings the male and female gametes together for fusion. It is necessary for seed formation and stimulates the development of fruits. What are homologous structures? Give an example. Is it necessary that homologous structures always have a common ancestor. Justify your answer. Structures which have same basic design and developmental origin but have different functions and appearance are called homologous structures. Example: the forelimb of a frog, a lizard, a bird and a man have same structural design but perform different functions and hence are called homologous structure. Since homologous organs (as in above example) have same basic origin to perform different functions in various vertebrates, so yes it is necessary that homologous structures have a common ancestor. Why is Tyndall effect shown by colloidal particles? State four instances of observing the Tyndall effect. Or Differentiate between a glass slab and a glass prism. What happens when a narrow beam of (i) a monochromatic light, and (ii) white light passes through (a) glass slab and (b) glass prism? ‘Tyndall effect: Scattering of beam of visible light by the colloidal particles present in the colloidal solution is called Tyndall effect. It occurs when the dimension of the dispersed particle that are causing the scattering are larger than the wavelength of incident light ie 107 m. Accordingly, the colour of the scattered light depends on the size of the scattering particles in colloidal solution. Four instances of observing the Tyndall effect are (@) Headlight of a car shining through fog. Science — 10 (vii)(6) When a fine beam of sunlight enters a smoke-filled room through a small hole. (c) When sunlight passes through a canopy of a dense forest. (d) Blue colour of sky. Or The difference between glass slab and glass prism is that the opposite faces of a rectangular glass slab is parallel while the opposite faces of prism is not parallel to each other and are inclined at an angle. () A Monochromatic Light Passes Through (a) Glass slab: the emergent beam is parallel to incident beam and is shifted sideward’s slightly. (b) Glass prism: the emergent beam is not parallel to incident beam and bends towards the base of the prism. (i) White Light Passes Through (a) Glass slab: the emergent beam is parallel to incident beam and is shifted sideward’s slightly. No dispersion occurs. (b) Glass prism: Dispersion occurs light having different wavelengths deviates through different angles on passing through the prism and becomes distinct. The different colour of w! SECTION-B 22, Draw a labelled diagram to show (@ reddish appearance of the sun at the sunrise or the sunset and (ii) white appearance of the sun at noon when it is overhead, bo @== lve scattred away Y tess ue sun appears reddish seateres Red appearance of ‘Sun near horizon Science — 10 (ex)23. A V-I graph for a nichrome wire is given below. What do you infer from this graph? Draw a labelled circuit diagram to obtained such a graph. 1" 16 12 aitference (VY) 08 Potent 04 01 02 03 04 05 06 Current (A) —> Ans. From the V-I graph for a nichrome wire, the straight line plot shows that as the current through a wire increases, the potential difference across the wir linearly ~ this is called Ohm’s law. ie, Vel or a = constant = R or V = IR Circuit Diagram +@)= A = Ammeter V = Voltmeter +@)= R = Resistor us B = Battery K = Key y J Rh = Rheostat +} || =) www 5 K Rh 24, (a) Write the mathematical expression for Joule’s law of heating. () Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000 coulomb of charge in two hours through a potential difference of 40 V. Science - 10 oo)Ans. 25. Ans. (a) Mathematical expressions for Joule’s law of Heating or H = PR Where, H = Amount of Heat produced in a conductor 1 = Current flowing through the conductor R = Resistance of conductor (b) Given: Charge(Q) = 96000 C; Time(®) = 2h; Potential difference (V) = 40 V ‘The heat generated, H = Vit Q =Vx=xt 1 vx@ = 40 x 96000 = 38400001 = 3.84 x 10°F Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of sodium, magnesium and aluminium to their respective metals, Why? Where are these metals placed in the reactivity series? How are these metals obtained from their ores? Take an example to explain the process of extraction along with chemical equations. Sodium, Magnesium and Aluminium are strong reducing agents, therefore, oxide of Na, Mg and Al cannot be reduced by carbon. + These metals are placed at the top of Activity series of metals. Na position, Mg at 4" and ‘AI at 5" position. + These metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction from their metal ores. Example: Nac —Slecttolysis Nat 4 cr (molten) at second Atcathode — Na* + &° ———> Na At anode cr-e ——> a ci+ cl ——> cl, Sodium metal can be obtained by electrolysis of molten NaCl. Na* will gain electron at cathode and form sodium metal. CT will lose electron to form chlorine gas at anode. Science — 10 (xi)26. The position of certain elements in the Modern Periodic Table are shown below. roup>] 1 2 [302] 13] 4 | is | 1 | 7 7 a {Period 1 G H 2 A I B ic 3 D E F Using the above table answer the following questions giving reasons in each case: @ (ii) Gi) (iv) o) Which element will form only covalent compounds? Which element is a non-metal with valency 2? Which element is a metal with valency 2? Out of H, C and F which has largest atomic size? ‘To which family does H, C and F belong? Or Define atomic size. Give its unit of measurement. In the modern periodic table what trend is observed in the atomic radius in a group and a period and why is it so? Ans, (i) ‘E’ will form only covalent compounds because it can share four electrons to become stable. Lossing or gaining four electrons is difficult. (ii) ‘B’ is non-metal with valency 2 because it can gain 2 electrons to become stable. (iii) ‘D’ is metal with valency 2 because it can lose 2 electrons to become stable. (iv) ‘F" has largest atomic size because it has 3 shells. (v)_ H,C,Fbelong to Noble gases because they have stable electronic configuration, 8 electrons in valence shell except H which has 2 electrons. Or ance between centre of nucleus and valence shell. surement is pm (picometre) Atomic size goes on increasing down the group because number of shells goes on increasing, effective nuclear charge decreases. Atomic size goes on decreasing along a period because effective nuclear charge increases, as number of shells remain the same but one proton and electron is being added successively. Atomic size is the Its unit of m 27. (a) Why is there a difference in the rate of breathing between aquatic organisms and terrestrial organisms? Explain. () Draw a diagram of human respiratory system and label ~ pharynx, trachea, lungs, diaphragm and alveolar sac on it. Science — 10 aiiOr (a) Name the organs that form the excretory system in human beings. (b) Describe in brief how urine is produced in human body. Ans, (a) Quantity of dissolved oxygen is fairly low in water as compared to the amount of oxygen in air. Aquatic organisms therefore have to breathe faster than terrestrial organisms to absorb the required amount of oxygen from the water. ©) Pharynx Lung Alveolar sac Diaphragm Respiratory bronchioles (a) The main organs that form the excretory system in human beings are: a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder and a urethra (b) The formation of urine in human body can be summarised as follows: (Kidneys are the basic functional unit of excretory system in human body, as the nitrogenous waste (urea or uric acid) is removed from blood in the kidneys. (i) Each capillary cluster in the kidney is associated with the cup shaped end of a tube that collects the filtered urine. Nephrons are the large number of filtration units in each kidney. (ii) Some substances (glucose, amino acid, salt, water etc.) in the initial filtrate are selectively reabsorbed as the urine flows along the filtration tube. (i) The urine formed in each kidney enters in the ureter which connects the kidneys with the urinary bladder. Science —10 (si)() Urine is stored in the urinary bladder. (vi) The pressure of the expanded urinary bladder leads to pass out the urine through the urethra. 28. (a) What is the law of dominance of traits? Explain with an example. (b) Why are the traits acquired during the life time of an individual not inherited? Explain. Ans. (a) Law of Dominance: Mendel took pea plant and carried two contrasting characters (tall and short) and cross pollination done among them . The traits which get expressed in F, generation are called dominant and which are unexpressed are called recessive which reappears in F, generation. This is called law of dominance. Traits may be dominant or recessive. * When Mendel crossed a tall pea plant with a dwarf pea plant, all the F, plants were tall. + When the F, plants were self-pollinated and an F, progeny raised, there were tall plants and dwarf plants. * The trait (tallness) which has appeared in the F, plants is called a dominant trait, while dwarfness that remained hidden in F, plants, but appeared in F, plants, is called a recessive trait (b) Certain experiences and traits acquired by people during their lifetime are not passed on to their next generations because these traits do not change the gene/ DNA of the germ cells. For example, (Losing weight due to starvation. (i) Cutting the tails of mice for a few generation can not produce tailless mice. Such traits can only be passed on to the next generation when they alter/ change the DNA of the germ cells. 29. Draw a ray diagram in each of the following cases to show the formation of image, when the object is placed: (between optical centre and principal focus of a convex lens. (ii) anywhere in front of a concave lens. (iii) at 2F of a convex lens. State the signs and values of magnifications in the above mentioned cases (i) and (ii). Or An object 4.0 cm in size, is placed 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0 em, Science — 10 (xiv)(At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image? (ii) Find the size of the image. ii) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case, Ans. When the object is placed: (Between optical centre and principal forcus of a convex lens: Science — 10 Qv)Sign and value of Magnification will be: Positive, in case (i) as virtual, erect and magnified image is formed. Therefore, absolute value of magnification will be greater than one. Positive, in case (ii) as virtual, erect and diminished image is formed. Therefore, absolute value of magnification will be less than one. Or (®. Given: For concave mirror, Object distance (u) = -25 em; Focal length (f) = - 15 cm; Height of object (/1,) = 4.0 em 1_ 41 vo of) 14 ~ 357 225 Se 5 -37.5 cm Therefore, the screen should be placed in front of the mirror ie on same side of the object at a distance of 37.5 cm from the mirror in order to obtain the sharp image of the object on it. (ii) Magnification of the mirror is given by 375 = -6cm Science — 10 (wi)Therefore, size of image is 6 cm. Since h, > h,, the image is enlarged and negative s 50m" ey 25am 37.5 om 30. (a) What is an electromagnet? List any two uses. (b) Draw a labelled diagram to show how an electromagnet is made. () State the purpose of soft iron core used in making an electromagnet. (@) List two ways of increasing the strength of an electromagnet if the material of the electromagnet is fixed. Ans, (a) Electromagnet: It is a device consisting of an iron or steel core that is magnetised by the strong magnetic field produced by electric current passing through the coil that surrounds it ie. solenoid. Uses of electromagnet: (It is used to separate magnetic substance from non-magnetic substance. Ww 1 television ete. used in electric bells, telephone receivers, microphones, loudspeakers, (6) Softiron core Science — 10 (wii)(©) (@__ Softiron core makes the magnetic field stronger because itbecomes a magnet itself. (i) Soft iron loses its magnetism as soon as the current stops flowing, So, it is a temporary magnet. (a) Two ways of increasing the strength of an electromagnet: (By increasing the current magnitude passing through the solenoid. (ii) By increasing the number of turns in solenoid. Set-II (Uncommon Questions to Set-I) Ans. Ans. Ans. ul. Ans. 12. Ans. SECTION-A. Name the functional group present in propanone. Ketone is functional group present in propanone. ‘The compound obtained on reaction of iron with steam is/are: (a) Fe,0, () FeO, (©) Feo (@) Fe,O, and Fe,0, 3Fe(s) + 4H,0(¢) ——> Fe,0, + 4H(g) Or An element *X’ reacts with O, to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element ‘X’ is likely to be: @ iron (6) calcium (©) carbon @) silicon (b) Calcium oxide has high melting point and soluble in water. °X’ is calcium. In an ecosystem 10% of energy available for transfer from one trophic level to the next is in the form of: (a) heat energy (b) chemical energy (c) mechanical energy (d) light energy (b) chemical energy Soil fertility is determined by its ability to: (a) Decay organie matter () Hold organic matter (c) Hold water (d) Support life (@ Support life Science — 10 (wii)Ans. 15, Ans. For question number 13, two statements are given — one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to this question from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below: (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the Assertion. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. (©) Ais true but R is false, (@) Ais false but R is true, Assertion (A): In a homologous series of alcohols, the formula for the second member is C,H,OH and the third member is C,HOH. Reason (R): The difference between the molecular masses of the two consecutive members of a homologous series is 144. (c) ‘A is true but *R’ is false. SECTION-B What is ‘rusting’? Describe with a labelled diagram an activity to investigate the conditions under which iron rusts, Rusting is a process in which reddish brown coasting of hydrated ferric oxide is formed at the surface of iron. Activity: (®) Take three boiling tubes A, B and C. (ii) Pour some water in test tube A. Put iron nails in it and cork it. (ii) Pour boiled distilled water in another test tube B and put iron nails in it. Add 1 ml of oil over it such that oil floats over it and prevents the air from entering. (iv) Take some iron nails in test tube C and put some anhydrous calcium chloride in it and cor! (v) Leave all the three test tubes for one day and then observe. Dry air Layer of oll which prevents the entry of air Anhydrous calcium chloride Science — 10 (ix)Observation: Iron nails get rusted in test tube A because both air and water are present in it, Iron nails do not get rusted in B because there is water but no air. In C, rusting will not take place because there is neither air nor water. Conclusion: Iron gets rusted in the presence of air and water. 19. (a) List in tabular form two differences between fission. ary fission and multiple (6) What happens when a mature Spirogyra filament attains considerable length. Ans. (a) Binary fission Multiple fission (i) Itis the division of the parent into | (i) Itis the division of the parent into two nearly equal sized daughter many small daughter individuals. individuals. (ii) Nucleus of the parent cell divides (ii) Nucleus divides into two parts] to form a number of small nuclei with equal distribution of all] and develop into many new the material to form two new| individuals. individuals. (b) When a filament of Spirogyra attains considerable length on maturation, it breaks into smaller fragments and each fragment then grows into a new plant. This mode of reproduction is called fragmentation. Nucleus Septa Spiral chloroplast 23. (a) State the relation correlating the electric current flowing in a conductor and the voltage applied across it. Also draw a graph to show this relationship. (b) Find the resistance of a conductor if the electrie current flowing through it is 0.35 A when the potential difference across it is 1.4 V. Ans. (a) The potential difference, V, across the ends of a given metallic electrie circuit is directly proportional to the current flow through i temperature remail same. Science — 10 (ex)Ans. 28. Ans. or =R t = or V=IR 3 (®) Given: Potential Difference (V) = 1.4; 8 Current (I) = 0.35 A; re Now, 5 é s0, Current (A) > (a) What is the process? Where is this process used? Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved. (b) Where does the metal aluminium, used in the process occurs in the rea series of metals? (c) Name the substances that are getting oxidised and reduced in the process. (a) Thermite process: When aluminium is reacted with feric oxide to from molten iron and A1,O, it is called thermite pro: 2Al + Fe,O, —— Al,O, + 2Fe (molten) (b) ‘AP is at 5" position in metal activity series. (c) ‘AV is getting oxidised FeO, is getting reduced. (a) What is genetics? (b) What are genes? Where are the genes located? (c) State and define three factors responsible for the rise of a new species. (a) Genetics: It is a branch of biology which deals with the study of genes, genetic variation and hereditary characters in an organism. (b) Gene is a unit of heredity present in the chromosomes DNA that instructs the cell to produce a specific protein which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. (c) The three factors responsible for the rise of a new species are: () Geographical isolation + Ifa population of a species splits into two due to some geographical barrier, the gene flow between the two sub-populations decreases and each of the sub-populations becomes very different from the other; they lose the ability to reproduce with each other and become different spe Science —10 co)(i) Genetic drift + Itrefers to any accidental change in the frequency of certain genes especially in small populations. + Genetic drift can accumulate different changes in the two sub-populations. + The changes may be in the number of chromosomes, where the gametes of the two groups cannot fuse with each other; each becomes a new species. (iii) Natural selection + Nature selects those individuals in the population of a species, which are better adopted to survive and reproduce in the given environment. + The frequency of certain genes changes in the population leading to changes in the characteristics and making them a new species. Set-II (Uncommon Questions to Set-I and Set-ID) SECTION-A. 2. State an important advantage of using alternating current (a.c.) over direct current (d.c.). Ans. The advantage of using alternating current (a.c.) over Direct current (d.c.) is that the ac can be transmitted over long distance without much loss of energy. ‘When sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to ethanoic acid a gas evolves. Consider the following statements about the gas evolved? (A) It turns lime water mi B) I (C) Ithasa smell of burning sulphur. (D)_Itisalso by— product of respiration. The correct statements are: (a) (A) and (B) only (6) (B) and (D) only (©) (A), (©) and (D) (@) (A), (B) and (D) Ans. (d) CO, gas is evolved with brisk effervescence, is also by- product of respiration and turns lime water milky. 8. volved with a brisk effervescence. 8. When a small amount of acid is added to water, the phenomena which occur are: (A) Dilution (B) Neutralisation (C) Formation of H,0* ions (D) Salt formation ‘The correct statements are: (@) (A) and (C) (©) (B) and (D) (©) (A) and (B) @ (Cand (D) Ans. (a) It is called dilution and forms H,O* ions. Science — 10 (ex)9. A real image is formed by the light rays after reflection or refraction when they: (A) actually meet or intersect with each other, (B) actually converge at a point. (C) appear to meet when they are produced in the backward direction, (D) appear to diverge from a point. Which of the above statements are correct? (@) (A) and (D) (6) (B) and (D) (©) (A) and (B) (@) (B) and (©) Ans. (c) (A) and (B) Or Consider the following properties of virtual images: (A) cannot be projected on the screen (B) are formed by both concave and convex lens (C)are always erect (D)are always inverted (@) (A) and (D) (6) (A) and (B) (©) (A), (B) and (C) (a) (A), (B) and (D) Ans. (c) (A), (B) and (C) For question number 14, two statements are given — one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to this question from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below: (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the Assertion. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the Assertion, (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true. 14, Assertion (A): A solar cooker cooks the meal due to green house effect. Reason (R): The plane mirror is responsible for produci the green house effect. Ans. (c) A is true but R is false. Science — 10 (xii)Ans. 18, Ans. SECTION-B (@) Draw the structure for (i) ethanol, (ii) ethanoic acid. (6) Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid considered an oxidation reaction? Write the oxidising agent used in the reaction involved, HOW (@) (i Ethanol Hef on HH t “OH H (i) Ethanoie acid _d I H (b) Alkaline KMnO, oxidises ethanol to ethanoic acid. Itis oxidation reaction because oxygen is being added. Alkaline KMnO, IL —_—=_— C—OH + H,O CH,CH,OH + 2{0] CH Name the parts (a) to (e) in the following diagram. ‘What is the term given to the sequence of events occurring in the diagram? Or (a) What is tropism? (b) How do auxins promote the growth of a tendril around a support? (a) Receptors (b) Sensory neuron (c) Spinal cord (CNS) (d) Relay neuron (€) Motor neuron Reflex are is the term given to the sequence of events occurring in the diagram. Science — 10 (xxiv)Ans. Ans. 21. Or (a) Tropism: The movement of the plant organ in the direction of an external stimulus such as light, touch, gravitational forces ete. is called tropism. (b) When a growing plant detects light, auxin synthesises at the shoot tip to help the cells to grow longer. When light comes from one side, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot. © ‘Thisconcentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away og from light and the plant appears to bend towards light. ‘The near point of the eye of a person is 50 cm, Find the nature and power of the corrective lens required by the person to enable him to see clearly the objects placed at 25 em from the eye. Given: Object distance (w ~25 em; Image distance (v) = -50.cm, Power of lens (P) Using lens formula, or The nature of lens is convex. ve ae and Power, P= = 95 SECTION-C (a) A gas is released during photosynthesis. Name the gas and also state the way by which the gas is evolved. (6) What are stomata? What governs the opening and closing of stomata? Science — 10 (aw)Or (@ Draw a diagram of human alimentary canal and label ~ gall bladder, pancreas, liver and small intestine on it. (6) Give two reasons to explain why absorption of digested food occurs main! the small intestine. Ans. (a) Oxygen(O,) gas is released during the process of photosynthesis. The following events occur during the process of photosynthesis: (i) Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll (ii) Light energy is converted to chemical energy and water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen. (iii) Carbon dioxide is then reduced to carbohydrate. Oxygen gas is produced due to the splitting up of water molecules as follows: 2H,O—> 4H* + de" +O, ‘This is the first phase of photosynthesis which is called light reaction. In second phase which is called dark reaction, carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate in a metabolic pathway known as the Calvin cycle (6) (i) Stomata: The tiny pores present on the epidermal. Surface of the leave are called stomata. (ii) The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells. The guard cells swell when water flows into them causing the stomatal pore to open. Similarly, the pore closes if the guard cells shrink. As large amount of water is lost through these stomata, the plant closes these pores when it does not require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. w Thin outer wall Guard cells Thick inner wall Nucleus Chloroplast ‘Stoma open ‘Stoma closed Science — 10 (ewi)Ans. (a) Gall bladder (stores bile) ‘Small intestine [Cee (b) The two reasons to explain why absorbtion of digested food occurs mainly in the small intestine are : @ (i) Small intestine is the site of complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, Small intestine produces intestinal juice from the glands present in its wall, The intestinal juice helps in further digestion of food. Small intestine also obtains digestive juices from liver and pancreas. The liver produces bile juice that causes emulsification of fats and the pancreas produces pancreatic juice for digesting proteins and emulsified fats. This digested food is finally absorbed through the intestinal walls. Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine. They help to increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food. Villi are richly supplied with blood vessel which help to absorb digested food into the blood stream 30. (a) Explain with the help of the pattern of magnetic field lines the distribution of magnetic field due to a current carrying a circular loop. (6) Why is it that the magnetic field of a current carrying coil having » turns, is ‘n’ times as large as that produed by a single turn (loop)? Ans, (a) Figure shows the pattern of magnetic field lines and its distribution due to current carrying circular loop. Science — 10 (evil)wo Circular coil car- ‘ying current Magnetic lines of force (i) * The concentric circles at every point of a current carrying circular loop represent the magnetic field around it. + Magnetic field line close to the axis of loop is straight and is perpendicular to the plane of the coil. + Field lines keep on diverging as we move away from the centre of loop. (0) If the circular coil has n turns, the field produced ism times as large as that produced by a single turn. This is because the current in each circular turn has the same direction, and the field due to each turn then just adds up along the axis. Science — 10 (avi)