WILLIAM LLEWELLYN’S YETTA LHS by William Llewellyn with Ronny Tober DISCLAIMER: This information was gathered from sources including textbooks, mesial jourmals, and pharmacestical reports, as wel as interviews with athletes, steroid dealers and medical experts. Neither the authors nor publisher assumes any lability for the information presented inthis text. This book isnot in- tended! o provide medical advice. The purpose of this book is only to provide a compendiam of information for the reader, for entertainment purposes aly. None ofthe information in this book i met to be appli Readers are advised that many ofthe substances described in his reference book may be prohibited or used ‘only under a physician's care in many jurisdictions. Readers should consult with appropriate medical ‘horities before using any drug. andthe proper legal authorities if unsure ofthe stats of substances de scribed herein, Neither the publisher not authors advocate that readers engage in any illegal activity Inpovaharwis) wtout ts por wee permisbin othe puober Wile Lovely: UNDERGROUND ANABOLICS ae Bay of Sins, 550 Miltary Tl St, 2218, ute, FL S454* Acknowledgments UNDERGROUND ANABOLICS was a Jong. and a times very tying projet to undertake Ie would not have been completed without the help of many people. We would like to lake @ moment 1 thank everyone that made this book possible. First and foremost, we want to thank the owner of the underground laboratory who allowed ws to photograph his manufacturing procedures. He also gave us an interview and all the information we asked for. We under. stand this was done at high personal isk, and for no reward other than to help the community better understand Underground steroids ‘We would like to thank key supporters including Michael Kragh from Denmark, Alan from Thailand, our Bul- 4garian sources IHMTT and RedX punisher, and our members Milo and Methan, Additionally, Catherine Lewellyn, who managed the layout and distribution for this book: ‘We would also ike to thank al ofthe unnamed memibers that donated samples, gave information, and parte ipated inthe threads that helped us refine the direction for this book, including what brands and underground Inorataries to analyse, This was all enormously helpful ‘We also want to thank Millard Baker for being @ long-time friend and supporter of our efforts to educate the ‘odybuilding community. When certain figures involved inthe underground manufacturing World found out bout our book and began attacking our motives, our buiness, and even us porsonally, Millard took the time and inerest set the record straight. For tht we are als thankful Of course, our acknowledgements would not be complete without thanking yu, the reader, ad everyone that ‘hs supported our work over the years. Without the finances fo do ths sortof testing and research, there would ‘be none, We work for you, and are ever grateful for de trust and support you plies in us, ‘Thank You All Again William Llewellyn and Ronny Tober‘Table of Contents Introtion Dig Prohibition and the Drug Supply Modern Examples of Drug Prodibition ‘Adulterants(Contaminants of Common Ilict Drugs The Evolving Steroid Supply |A Black Markot Before Prohibition First Major Supply Restriction (1985) Laboratories Milano de Mexico (1986) ‘Steroié Prohibition Begins (1988) Federal Anaboie Steroid Control Act (1991) European and Asian Imports (1992-1999) Fit Thailand Interdction 2000) “The Market Goes South (2003) ‘Mexican Market Takedown (2008) “The Market Goes Underground (2006) TIL The Mlegal Steroid Business Anabolic Steroids and Organized Crime Principal Source Countrcs for Anabolic $ ‘An Evolving Consumer Market The API Trade Difficulties Circumventng the Steroid Trade Steroid Usage Trends ters 1V. Pharmaccutical Steroid Manufacturing Aseptic Processing ‘The Inside of Injectable Manufacturing ‘The Invicacos of Tablet Manufacturing 3 4 5 8 2 30 35 8 2 ” 32iam Lenels UNDERGROUND ANABOLCS V. Underground Lab Busts “The Rise and Fal of British Dragon “The Popertol Enterprise 1s Major Bustin Bulgaria n ‘Spain - Operation Mammoth SI ‘Operation Rav Deal 3 VI. 3rd Party Lab Analysis Reports ‘Quality of Hlegal Doping Substances inthe Netherlands (2004) 89 Poison in a Package, USA (2005) 92 ANABOLICS Underground Market Analysis, Europe (2007) o ‘German Market Study (2008) 100 UK Market Report (2008) 108 VIL. Underground Steroid Manufacturing ‘Overview of Underground Laboratory Types Mm Inside an Underground Lal 1B Underground Tablet Manufacturing 119 Interview with an Underground Chemist 20 Understanding Filtration 124 ‘Common Problems with Underground Products (Injectable) 126 ‘Common Problems with Underground Products (Oral) bo ‘Added Health Risks of Underground Steroids i Visual Inspection of Prodocts 1B? VIL. Analysis of Black Market Steroids Lab Testing for this Book 1 Overview of Labs Tested a2 Alpha Pharma’ Ma ‘Aca Pharma 146 Axio Labs 18 ‘Balkan Pharmaceuticals 131 Diamond Pharma 153 Ditch Lab 155 lite Fitness Pharmaceuticals 137 Euro Pharmaceuticals 139Eurochem Laboratories Geneza Pharmaceuticals Geni Golden Gear 1PChina Jinan yka Labs roChem Laboratories Quality Vet countertt) ROHM Sciroxx Stealth Labs Unigen Life Sciences ‘Testing Comments IX, Conclusion (Evaluating Sterotd Prohibition) Endnotes ww villa Uwe CoProhibition - Anticipating ResultsWillan Lewelis UNDE Introduction Prohibition i socio-legal concept that secks to limit she supply and consumption of potentially harmful su Stnces by individuals, ostensibly fo the sake ofthe public good. It is generally applied inthe form of laws, which may place civil (monetary) or even criminal penalties on the illegal trade or possession of banned or sicly regulated substances. These laws have traditionally been directed at the use of recreational drugs such a8 opiates/heron, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, cannabis, nd alcoho. Prohibition ls have rarely eliminated the supply of, or demand fr, these drugs, Rather, they have tended wo alr the way these drags are traded and used, often substantially In fecent years, prohibition policies have been expanded in « number of ‘Western countries to include anabolic steroids This book secks to examine the brie history of steroid proi- bition, with special emphasis on he effec this prohibition has had on the supply of anabolic steroids to remain ing iii consumerUNDERGROUND ANABOLICS Drug Prohibition and the Drug Supply Drug prohibition laws have existed in the United States for more than 130 years. In an idealistic sense, prohibition laws are designed to prevent individuals fromaccessing dangerous substances, and hence pro tect them from the perils of drug abuse. These laws are all writen and passed with a mindset of protect- ing society. A realistic assessment of more than cen: tury of dag prohibition, however, paints pict that falls far short of this ideal. Indoed, no law has ever succeeded in eliminating the demand, availability. or use of any recreational Ur, Instead, these laws have succeeded only in altering these variables. It prohb itive laws are to be judged om their tue merits, we need to Took past the ideal of drug elimination, We need to examine the actual environment of drug use that these laws crete ‘The influence of prohibition laws on drug demand can be variable, and difficult to foresee. t may also be largely inTuenced bythe way society views the safety ofthe substance, The effet of prohibition on the drug supply, however is considerably more predictable. ‘we.extmine modern historical examples of substonce prohibition, we find that these laws have all drat tally changed the way in which banned substances ‘were manufactured and distributed wo remaining (aw- \detying) consumers. Most generally, substanee pro hibition creates an alternative unregulated (blick) rmarket-The stronger the drug demand and move im ited the dru supply. the more Tucrative this lick ‘market may be. Tiss the fundamental problem with prohibition. As laws and law enforcement become ‘more effective at limiting the supply, the more ler tive the market becomes for potential new sels. ‘An unregulated black market means a number of| things forthe dug supply. To begin with, drugs sokt fn the black market are usually manufactured ile: sally often in makeshift lbs. Rarely do clandestine laboratories make their produets to pharmaceutical standards, and there can be significant issues wih pu: rity or safety. This means a great deal of uncertainty for the drug-buying consumer. An illicit drug may also be traded through many criminal hands before it reaches the end consumer This can mean a great deal ‘of eutting” and adulteration (mixing ofthe drug with ‘other substances). and potential isk tothe consurer. Prohibition laws also make transporting and trading & ‘drug i its most concentrated (and therefore conceal able) form most lucrative. This instability and uncer tainty in drug quality can inerease the risk of injury and overdose death with some substances, Lastly and perhaps most fundamentally, prohibition laws provide a financial incentive to engage in ex Instead of the money for these drugs being infused imo legitimate, regulated and wed businesses its diverted wo organized criminal manufectaring and dis tribution networks. This is a place with no set rales tnd no government protection. Drug manufacturers operate in a world where grievances are often ne- solved with violence, nt atlomeys. Tis is one ofthe ‘most basic sociological problems with drug prohibi- tion laws. Although the laws are meant to protect so ciety, they can support eriminal activites and Significantly harm society atthe same time. The true value in any drag prohibition lw i, likewise, found inthe balance between reduced drug abuse and in- creased crime all forms of related crime).Modern Examples of Drug Prohibition (Over the past 100 years there have been many exam ples of deg prohibition ls. A majority ofthese laws date back many decades, and have provided sociolo- ists ample time to study ther effects we ae to un derstand the potential long-term impact of anabolic steroid prohibition, we need to examine several other ‘moder examples of prohibition. The following sec ‘ion will discus the prohibition of some ofthe most idemiiable recreational deugs including cocaine, hreroin, and marijuana, and even the filed federal ban fn alcohol. Special emphasis will be placed in al «eases om how these prohibition las ehaigd the drug supply and risks to consumers Alcohol Prohibition GN Mag mn hia Bin Ms In 1919: US. goverment passed Voc Act ‘hich amended the Contant cade the pro Dien otal The dena for alcool wes nt Sliminacd with ths oo, nor se soply. They were weve dial sited Mach the up ply unre ban ane fom nratond a panto, which wer formed wo smuggle se hal rom oer nos sgh rte High potency {had alcool came tote more wel consumed Uhr Proton, du ts sali se an ihe Co proftablity for smuguers. Aleobo that wasn't sm sled was made domestically, in illegal underground Aisilleries. During Prohibition there were no alcohol regulation to enforce beyond a complete ban. These Aisillries all operated without any government res- ulation or oversight and were often very crue. (One very serious and persistent problem during pro- hibition was the adulteration of alcoholic beverages, especialy with methanol (Wood alcohol). This in ‘sta alcohol i used mainly asa solvent, although it has intoxicating. properties similar to common ‘ethanol (normal beverage alcohol. Methanol is mos cerately toxic, however, and can cause severe nerve ‘damage including paralysis and blindness and even death. Methanol considered a chemical, and is nt for human consumption. In spite of this, boodeggers would widely use methanol to thin legitimate booze and increase profits. Some very unscrupulous crim nals would even directly flavor industrial methanoVethanol mixture and poss them off spinor ‘other spirits. Te exact numberof serious methanol poisoning cases that occured during the prohibition fer may never be known, but by some estimates ex ceed 50,00 ‘The Volstcad Act was altmately not successful in protecting society from the dangers of alcohol abuse. In fact, by most accounts the banning of such a pop: ular drug turned out to be quite disastrous Instead of ending the vse of sleoho, the consttwtional amend ‘ment is credited with eeating an ilicit and om {oted alcohol black marke, festering coruption inciting organized criminal activity Ie allowed many iit fortunes to be made in the illegal trade of alco hol, and created many carer criminals. Some ofthe Prohibition Era crime organizations have criminal ‘offshoots that survive today, trading in other lit ‘commodities. Alcahol prohibition was repealed in 1953, lessthan 14 years afer going int fet. TodaySe this era is viewed as one marked by a flawed and failed social experiment. The minimal benefit of Pro- hibition on reducing alcohol consumption (if any) was far outweighed by is negative effects on society Marijuana Prohibition “Marijuana has been designate a federally prohibited substance in the United States sine 1937, Most West émnations also have long-established simile prohib- ive laws towards the substance. In spite of over 70, years of aetive law enforcement efforts, however, a black market thrives tothe tune of tons of billions of dollars per year in the United States alone. Inereas- ing pressure on marijuana smugglers over the years has succeeded only in diverting the supply to locally grown marijuana, Domestic marijuana i often eare- fully altivated indoors or in small outdoor gardens, and tends to be of higher poteney duc to the ex sons of male plans (seedless marijuana produces more THC), According to estimates the most prolific county in Norther California (Mendocino) produces ‘approximately S1 bili doles worth of high-grade marijuana every year» Marijuana eradication efforts have clearly filed, and the flowering buds of this plan are presently key cash erop for many areas of The country and word Among illicit drugs, marijuana is one ofthe leat commonly adulterated likely because is dificult to contaminate without noice. Stil, adulterated mat- jvana is oceasionally a problem. For example, be- tween 2006 and 2007 England reported that as much 135 10% of the confiscated cannabis samples in some ‘reas were contaminated within pss beads. Deal ers had been spraying their marijuana buds with a commercial glass frosting spray, making the buds heavier and more “crystallized” in appearance. To the unediveated buyer this ean look like «normal high 4ualty (highly resinous) product. I reality, this low ‘quality contaminated marijuana can be very danger- us, subjecting the user to smal silica particle inhale tion. This type of marijuana (known locally 3s “art weed") hus been linked to sore throat, mouth weer, And respiratory distress and damage, It could even lead toa poteatialy fatal lung disease called slico- In April 2008, reports surfaced in nearby Leipzig ‘Germany ofa Series of lead posoning eases among ‘marijuana smokers.» Over a period of a few months, 28 people had come o local hospitals complaining of Similar symptoms including stomach cramps nausea, and fatigue. These cases were quickly attributed 19 lead poisoning, and soon connected to a common source, adulterated marijuana, Samples of the drug ‘were located and shown to contain as much as 10% Jead by weight. Authorities quickly setup a screen program for local marijuana simokers. Perhaps most Alarming isthe fact that out of the 145 Leipzig resi ‘dens that showed up for screening, 95 (65%) were shown to have some level of lead poisoning. Auhor- ites estimate that this lead danger was placed on smokers so that dealers could net an additonal $600- 700 per pound amples like these emind us ofthe incentive and ability for riinal dealers to contaminate ther pro ucts under prohibition, even a difficult to adukerate substance ike marijuana The question then becomes, is ths isk of prohibition traded for any’ real beneti? “Marijuana is drug arguably Far less harmful than aCE ‘cohol or tobacco. Does its prohibition actually help society? Afler more than 70 years of marijuana pro hibition in place, the United States i «nation with approximately 1 million regular marijuana smokers. “The laws seem tohave had lite effect on usage rates Infact, there is much argument thatthe ban on ma {uana smoking may actually increase its rte of usage, via a “forbidden frit effet ‘The Netherlands ination that has essentially legal- jzed marijuana use among adults, and rates of on. sumption are significantly lower in all age groups compared tothe US. Instead of large expenditures on