Industrialization, population explosion and urbanization are loading Today's reticent fossil fuels are

bringing an inevitable global state into being. "Energy Crisis" Natural resources, such as coal and oil,
are limited and will soon be exhausted by increasing energy, which will influence any nation's
economy and sustain its development. Fossil fuel combustion not only depletes their reserves, but
also contributes to olive house gas discharge and global warming. Sectors like shipping rely solely on
petroleum goods And is unquestionably leaving step by step to expand. There's a massive need for
alternative energy in the current situation. As 90% of the world's oil reserves have already been
discovered, mankind needs to divert its energy needs to renewable and sustainable sources.

Renewable energy is energy from sources that can naturally be replenished, such as solar wind,
bioenergy, hydroelectricity, etc. Unlike conventional energy sources, the broad existence of
renewable energy sources across major environmental areas creates significant energy efficiency
opportunities. Significant energy security and economic benefits would result from rapid
development and research on renewable and efficient forms of energy, together with developments
in the technological expansion of energy sources. The main driving force for its development is
global warming and climate change, along with rising oil prices.

In the lives of humans, energy plays a key role. Access to the source of heat and light using energy
may be available; in fact, energy can guarantee countries' economic status. Today, the primary
source of energy is fossil fuels, and their pollution creates many problems for the living environment.
Consequently, the emergence of suitable, inexpensive and clean alternatives to replace fossil fuels is
obviously important. The reason for the rapid population is the excessive consumption of fossil fuels.
As the environment is increasingly being impacted and challenged by the oil crisis, energy demands
sustainable growth.

Among the known energy supplies, the most desired and versatile type of energy is electricity.
Recently, tremendous focus has been given to green energies as an alternative to fossil fuels in order
to minimize emissions of carbon dioxide and eradicate global warming. However most renewable
energy technologies are still not mature enough to compete with traditional fossil fuel-based energy
especially solar energy.

Electrical energy provided by fuel cells is the preferred energy. A fuel cell is a system which can
transform chemical energy to electrical energy directly. In the early nineteenth century, the German
physicist Christian Friedrich Schonbein discovered the idea of using fuel cells for power generation.
In February 1839, a Welsh chemist and barrister, Sir William Robert Grove, manufactured the first
fuel cell based on this idea.