REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA

ESTUDIOS CON ADULTOS

MAYORES Nombre Autores

The Benefits of Music

Instruction on Processing
Speed, Verbal Fluency, and
Cognitive Control in Aging Jennifer A. Bugos

Delaying the onset of Alzheimer

disease. Bilingualism as a form
of cognitive reserve Fergus I.M. Craik, PhD

Playing a Musical Instrument as

a Protective
Factor against Dementia and M. Alison Balbag,1 Nancy L.
Cognitive Impairment: Pedersen,2,3 andMargaret
A Population-Based Twin Study Gatz2,3

Veronika Diaz Abrahan1,2,3,

Cognitive Benefits From a Favio Shifres4 and Nadia
Musical Activity in Older Adults Justel1,2*
Objetivo
examinar los efectos
de la instrucción musical activa
en el piano en comparación con
instrucción de escucha de
música sobre la función
ejecutiva en
adultos mayores sanos (60-85
años).
lifelong bilingualism is a further
factor contributing to cognitive
reserve.
Edad de los participantes
60-85
72-77
Data for the present study
come from the
Study of Dementia in Swedish
Twins, known as HARMONY.
Parejas de gemelos donde uno
de ellos ha desarrollado
demencia.
A group of 132 volunteers,
between the ages of 60 and 90, Mini Mental State Examination
participated in this
investigation.
Instrumentos
Advanced Measure of Music
Adiation (AMMA)
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of
Intelligence (WASI)
PASAT
Trails Test Card A and B (TMT)
Cued Color Word Stroop Test
D-KEFS
Edad a la que aparecen los
síntomas/primera visita al
médico
GDS: General Cognitive State
Evaluation
(MMSE)
Constructos examinados Método

pre and post instruction

Data were collected
evaluation from 211
de dos grupos: los
consecutive patients
que reciben clases dediagnosed
piano
processing speed, verbal flyency, with
(GPI)probable
y los que Alzheimer
sólo escuchan
planning, and cognitive control disease (AD). Patients’ age at
música (MLI)
onset of cognitive impairment
was recorded, as was
information
on occupational history,
education, and language
history, including fluency in
English
and any other languages.
Following this procedure, 102
patients were classified as
Thirty-one
Tiempo queindividuals played an
tarda en aparecer bilingual
instrument
síntomas deasalzheimer
an older adult. Four and 109 as monolingual.
pairs were concordant for
music. In 17 pairs, the musician was
cognitively intact. In 6
pairs, the musician was demented or
cognitively impaired.
Characteristics of the 27 pairs where
at least one twin was a
musician are reported in Table 2. AD
Resultados

no hay diferencias entre grupos en funciones

ejecutivas; ambos demuestran un incremento en las
puntuaciones. En un analisis of paired t-test for
each independent group: sifnigicantly enhanced
processing speded, verbal fluency and cognitive
control por GPI.

bilingual patients had been diagnosed 4.3 years

later and had reported
the onset of symptoms 5.1 years later than the
monolingual patients. The groups were equivalent
on measures of cognitive and occupational level,
there was no apparent effect of immigration
status, and the monolingual patients had received
more formal education. There were no gender
differences.

compared to
their nonmusician cotwin, musicians playing an
instrument
in older adulthood had a 64% lower likelihood of
developing
dementia or cognitive impairmen
Nombre Autores Objetivo

Suárez, Elangovan y Au (2016)

Parbery-Clark, Skow Lam y

Kraus (2009)

Strait, Kraus, parbery-clark y

ashley

Zuk, Benjamin, Kenyon y Gaab

(2014)

Slater, Azem, Nicol

Edad de los participantes Instrumentos
Codificación dígito-símbolo y dígitos inversos de WAIS-IV,
Soan de matriz estática y dinámica; dígitos directos y
22 reconocimiento de no-palabras

23 Test cognitivo woodcock-johnson III

IHR multicentre battery for auditory processing; IMAP:
subtest de memoria de trabajo auditiva, atencón auditiva
18-40 y atención visual

Delis-Kaplan executive function System; DKEFS): Trail

Making Test A y B, fluencia verbal y de diseños,
interferencia palabra-color
24 Dígitos inversos y codificación dígito-símbolo (WAIS-IV)

18-35 Test de ejecución contínua visual y auditiva integrada

Constructos examinados
Método
Resultados

Músicos presentan mejor rendimiento en subcomponentes de WM: ejecutivo central y agenda

visuoespacial

Músicos presentan mejor rendimiento en tareas de memoria de trabajo verbal

Músicos presentan mejor rendimiento en atención auditiva. Sin diferencias en memoria de trabajo y
atención visual. Correlación entre años de entrenamiento musical y memoriade trabajo (Sólo
músicos) y atención auditiva (ambos grupos)

Músicos mejor rendimiento en memoria de trabajo verbal, fluencia verbal y de diseños.

Sin diferencias en inhibición, flexibilidad cognitiva y velocidad de procesamiento
percusionistas presentan mejor inhibición que cantantes y no músicos.
Sin diferencias en atención