CONTENTS

Acknowledgements i - ii

Abbreviations iii - iv

Table of Cases v - xvii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 - 27

1.1 Introduction 1-14

1.2 Objective of Study 14-15

1.3 Research Hypotheses 16

1.4 Research Methodology 16

1.5 Universe of Study 16-17

1.6 Plan of Study 17-20

1.7 Review of Literature 20-27

CHAPTER 2 ARBITRATION: CONCEPTUAL DIMENSION 28 - 126

2.1 Evolution of Arbitration 28-46

2.2 Meaning, Definition and object of

Arbitration 46-48

2.3 Concept of Arbitration 48-52

2.4 Types of Arbitration 52

2.4.1 Domestic Arbitration 52-53

2.4.2 Distinction between Domestic 53-55

Arbitration and International
Arbitration

2.4.3 International Arbitration and 55-63

International Commercial

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 arbitration

2.5 Commercial Arbitration 63-71

2.5.1 Forms of International Commercial 71

Arbitration
2.5.1.1 Adhoc Arbitration 71-74

2.5.1.2 Institutional Arbitration 74-80

2.6 Attributes of Arbitral Process 80-81

2.6.1 Valid Agreement to arbitrate 81-96

2.6.2 Laws applicable to the arbitration 96-119

2.6.3 Arbitral Tribunal 119-125

2.6.4 Award of the Tribunal 125

2.6.5 Recognition and Enforcement of the 125-126

Award

CHAPTER 3 MEANING OF ARBITRAL AWARD AND 127 -208

FRAME WORK OF INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS ON RECOGNITION AND
ENFORCEMENT

3.1 Meaning of Arbitral Award 127-134

3.2 Types of Award 134-147

3.3 Valid Award and its conditions 147-156

3.4 Form and Contents of an Award 156-161

3.4.1 Contents of the Award 162-178

3.5 Framework of International 178-181

Conventions on Recognition and
Enforcement

3.5.1 International Conventions 181

3.5.2 The Geneva Protocol of 1923 182-183

3.5.3 The Geneva Convention of 1927 183-185

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 3.5.4 The New York Convention of 1958 185-202

3.6 Conventions after 1958 202

3.6.1 The European Convention of 1961 203

3.6.2 The Model Law 203-204

3.6.3 The Revised Model Law 204-208

CHAPTER 4 GROUNDS FOR THE REFUSAL OF 209 - 302

RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT

4.1 Performance of Awards 209-212

4.1.1 Commercial and other pressures 212-215

4.2 Steps for Enforcement 215-217

4.3 Recognition 217-219

4.4 Enforcement

4.4.1 New York Convention 1958 222-225

4.5 Grounds for the Refusal of Recognition and 225-229

Enforcement

4.5.1 Incapacity of the Parties 229

4.5.1.1 No Capacity 229-233

4 5 1.2 No Valid Agreement to 233-242

Arbitrate

4.5.2 No proper notice of the appointment 242-250

of Arbitrators; lack of due process

4.5.3 Jurisdictional Issues: Excess of 250-256

Jurisdiction

4.5.4 Composition of Tribunal or 256-263

Procedure not in accordance with
Arbitration Agreement or the
Relevant Law

4.5.5 Award not binding, Suspended, or 264-280

Set aside

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 4.5.6 Article V (2): Arbitrability 280-286

4.5.7 Article V (2): Public Policy 287-302

CHAPTER 5 RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT: 303 - 391

LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL RESPONSE IN
INDIA

5.1 Introduction 303-306

5.1.1 Arbitration Act of 1940 306-309
5.1.2 The Arbitration and Conciliation 309-312
Act. 1996

5.1.2.1 Objective of the Act of 312-315

1996

5.1.2.2 Changes in the Arbitration 315-321

Act, 1996

5.1.2.3 Constitutionality of the 322-324

Arbitration Act

5.2 Grounds for Refusal of Recognition and 324-337

Enforcement

5.2.1 Legal requirements for the 337-343

enforcement of the awards

5.2.2 Grounds for refusal of Enforcement 343-391

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 392 -418

6.1 Conclusion 392-401

6.2 Suggestions in regard to International 401-412
Commercial Arbitration

6.3 Suggestions in regard to New York 412-415

Convention
6„4 Suggestions in regard to India’s position on 415-418
Recognition and Enforcement

BIBLIOGRAPHY 418 - 427

ANNEXURE A 1 - A7

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